电渗析法再生离子交换树脂的进展

文章介绍了电渗析法再生离子交换树脂原理和适用的工艺流程。长期以来此法因电流效率低下而阻碍了其工业应用。最近此法在流程上作了变化，并在处理含铜废液的实验设备上取得了成功，电流效率提高到30～40％。这是进一步推广应用此法的可喜进展。     

岩浆演化问题的一种解法

岩浆演化问题在数学上是个非线性不定常问题。求解这类问题比较困难,而数值求解比较繁琐、费时。本文引入微小时间间隔内线性不定常热传导方程的瞬时点源解法,用此法计算所得结果与数值计算所得结果一致。这表明采用此法为求解非线性不定常热传导问题提供了一种简便的求解途径。     

全差示分光光度法测定矿石中广泛含量钛

全差示分光光度法是我国近年来发展起来的一项新方法。此法的主要优点是精密度好(相对偏差可降至0.4%乃至0.2%以下),灵敏度高(与普通法比可提高10—20倍),测定范围广(可以从痕量测至高量:0.000X—99.X%)。我们试验用此法以过     

测定酒和水中氰化物的间接光度法

建立了测定微量氰化物的间接光度法,其氰化物含量在0～3.0μg范围内符合比尔定律。此法用于酒和水中微量氰化物的测定,结果与国家标准方法相吻合,加标回收率为95％～102％。此法简便快速,选择性及重现性也令人满意。     

超声雾化-电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定矿样中稀土元素

研究了应用超声雾化器和电感耦合等离子体测定矿物中稀土元素。此法改善了检测限,稀土元素检测限达到0.01—1ug/mL。此法具有很好的分析性能,测定的相对标准偏差在2.5—8.5％。     

泡沫塑料富集固相表面化学发光测定痕量金的研究

本文提出一种用泡沫塑料富集分离,直接在固相表面进行化学发光测定痕量金的新方法。使用此法,吸附的金不需干法或湿法解脱,操作简便、快速;根据化学发光强度确定固相表面金的吸附量,仪器简单,准确度好。此法可测吸附量0.1～1.0μg的金,对1.0pg金测定的相对标准偏差小于10％。此法试用于金含量0.xg/T以上矿样的测定,结果与推荐值一致。     

三元二价稀土碘化物的一步合成及其性质和结构

报道了合成三元二价稀土碘化物的新方法,其优点是操作方便、省时,并避免事先合成易氧化吸水的REI_3或REI_2,特别是当某些稀土元素同时生成二价与三价稀土碘化物而不易分离时,此法最有效,用此法合成了RbTmI_3、KTmI_3、Cs_2mI_4、TISm_2I_5、K_2SmI_5和KSm_2I_4,并测定了它们的性质与结构。     

介绍一种测偏微克分子体积的方法

偏微克分子体积是溶液的一种热力学性质。一般都是用比容法来测量的,但是这种方法有它的缺点,即对于很易挥发的液体,不易测得很准确。最近Brown和smith设计了一种混合池,可用来直接测量二种液体混合后体积的变化。我们将此法用于直接测量溶液的偏微克分子体积。对于初学物理化学的人来说,此法较比容法更易理解偏微克分子体积的物理意义。     

间接原子吸收测定硅酸盐中的钛

硅酸盐中微量钛的测定常用的是分光光度法。国外有报道用一氧化二氮-乙炔焰原子吸收测定钛,由于此法的精密度灵敏度及一些技术问题,在国内未被广泛应用,又由于钛本身的特性,使得空气-乙炔焰直接原子吸收测定成为不可能。本法利用元素钛对铁的线性增感效应,用空气-乙炔焰间接原子吸收测定了元素钛,同时借助离子交换进行干扰分离,并将此法应用到了硅酸盐中钦的测定。此法灵敏、简便、准确。该方法TiO_2标准曲线的线性范围为0.02—0.18μg/ml,特征浓度为0.0005μg/ml/1％A,相对标准偏差为2.8％。     

电导法评定阻垢剂的阻垢性能

介绍了一种评价阻垢剂阻垢性能的新方法。这种方法基于溶液电导率的测定原理，是通过在加入阻垢剂和不加阻垢剂的特定水环境下测定各种成垢化合物的过饱和度来实现。此法能对各种阻垢剂的阻垢性能进行良好的区分。通过与评定阻垢剂性能的国家标准——鼓泡法的比较，证明此法简便、快捷、重现性好，可信度高。     

A novel approach for protein identification from complex cell proteome using modified peptide mass fingerprinting algorithm

A unique peptide based search algorithm for identification of protein mixture using PMF is proposed. The proposed search algorithm utilizes binary search and heapsort programs to generate frequency chart depicting the unique peptides corresponding to all proteins in a proteome. The use of binary search program significantly reduces the time for frequency chart preparation to ～2 s for a proteome comprising ～23 000 proteins. The algorithm was applied to a three‐protein mixture identification, host cell protein (HCP) analysis, and a simulation‐generated data set. It was found that the algorithm could identify at least one unique peptide of a protein even in the presence of fourfold higher concentration of another protein. In addition, two HCPs that are known to be difficult to remove were missed by MS/MS approach and were exclusively identified using the presented algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm when used along with standard proteomic approaches present avenues for enhanced protein identification efficiency, particularly for applications such as HCP analysis in biopharmaceutical research, where identification of low‐abundance proteins are generally not achieved due to dynamic range limitations between the target product and HCPs.     

The Electrochemical Grafting of a Mixture of Substituted Phenyl Groups at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface

Two‐component substituted aryl groups are simultaneously grafted onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by electrochemical reduction of a binary mixture of two aryl diazonium salts in acetonitrile. The electrochemical deposition is achieved potentiostatically and two different mixtures with four different ratios of diazonium salts are used. The binary mixtures comprise: 1) 4‐nitrophenyl diazonium and 4‐bromophenyl diazonium cations and 2) 4‐bromophenyl diazonium and N,N‐diethylaniline diazonium cations. The chemical composition of the two component films is determined by cyclic voltammetry in an electrolyte inert for electroactive groups such as nitrophenyl and bromophenyl. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is also used to evaluate the surface concentration of each grafted substituted phenyl group. The surface concentration of the substituted phenyl group for which the corresponding diazonium cation is the most easily reduced is higher than its concentration in the mixture of the deposition solution. The usefulness of binary films is also discussed.     

Differential pulse polarographic study of the hydrolysis of endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate in emulsified medium. Application to the determination of binary mixtures of organochlorine pesticides

Hydrolysis reactions of endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate in the emulsified medium formed with ethyl acetate and a mixture of the two surfactants Hyamine 2389 and Triton X-405 are studied by differential pulse polarography. Besides the heptachlor-endosulfan sulphate pair, whose peak potentials are sufficiently different at pH 8.0 to allow their simultaneous determination, the organochlorine pesticide binary mixtures endosulfan-endosulfan sulphate, dieldrin-endosulfan and dieldrin-endosulfan sulphate can be determined based on their hydrolysis reactions in basic medium and on their different reaction rates. The endosulfan-endosulfan sulphate pair can be determined by allowing the mixture to hydrolyse at pH 11.0 and measuring the endosulfandiol peak for the determination of endosulfan. The analysis of the mixture dieldrin-endosulfan is based on endosulfan hydrolysis at pH 12.0 in which dieldrin is not hydrolysed. Dieldrin and endosulfan sulphate can also be determined simultaneously in a 0.5M sodium hydroxide medium. When determining one pesticide in binary mixtures containing a 5.0 x 10(-6)M concentration of the other pesticide, the lower limits of the calibrations obtained were: endosulfan-endosulfan sulphate mixture, 4.0 x 10(-6) and 1.0 x 10(-6)M respectively; heptachlor-endosulfan sulphate mixture, 2.0 x 10(-6)M for endosulfan sulphate; all other cases, 3.0 x 10(-6)M.     

Multicomponent determinations by partial least-squares regression analysis of fast-reaction multiwavelength profiles obtained by continuous addition of a reagent

Partial least-squares regression (PLS) analysis of multiwavelength reaction profiles, obtained by continuous addition of a reagent to a binary mixture of analytes, giving fast reactions, is presented. The methodology has proved to be useful for the simultaneous determination of the mixture components. Octacyanomolibdate(V) (Mo(V)) has been used as a reagent for mixtures of hydroquinone (HQ) and pyrogallol (PG) in acidic medium. When the reaction profiles are followed spectrophotometrically at several wavelengths, and they are handled with PLS, the mixture can be resolved. The final spectrum of the mixture, after reaction with Mo(V), is enough to predict the HQ concentration, but in the case of PG successive spectra along the reaction are necessary to predict properly the concentration. The concentrations for HQ in the calibration set ranged between 1.8x10(-6) and 1.7x10(-5) M and for PG between 2.5x10(-6) and 2.5x10(-5) M. The concentration ratio, [HQ]:[PG], in the validation set ranged between 0.17 and 4.10. Mean validation errors of 1.6% for HQ and 4.2% for PG were found. Satisfactory results were obtained when independent studies of accuracy and precision were accomplished. The effect of p-phenylenediamine and aminophenols was studied as interferences and, in general, hydroquinone is more affected than pyrogallol. The tolerated concentration of interferences ranged between 10(-6) and 10(-4) M.     

Osmotic Pressure Related to Concentration Fluctuations,With Application to Liquid Metal Alloys

Abstract

An integral equation is first set up which allows the osmotic pressure to be calculated from knowledge of (a) the concentration fluctuations and (b) the equations of state of the two pure liquids 1 and 2 which are constituents of the binary 1-2 mixture. The method is illustrated by approximate numerical calculations on a variety of liquid binary mixtures, including Na-Ga and Na-Cd under pressure.     

Transient state of chiral recognition in a binary mixture of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis

The transient state (as the defined point where no enantioseparation is obtained in a dual chiral selector system) of chiral recognition of aminoglutethimide in a binary mixture of neutral cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The following three dual selector systems were used: alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD); alpha-CD and heptakis(di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) (DM-beta-CD); alpha-CD and heptakis(tri-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) (TM-beta-CD). The S-(-) enantiomer of the analyte was more strongly retained in the presence of either alpha-CD or TM-beta-CD at pH 2.5, 100 mM phosphate buffer, while the R-(+) enantiomer was more strongly retained in the presence of either beta-CD or DM-beta-CD. In the more simple case, the elution order is invariably kept if the enantiomers have the same elution order in either one of the two hosts of the binary mixture. In contrast, the elution order may be switched by varying the concentration ratio of two hosts that produce opposite elution order for this particular analyte. In such a dual selector system, the enantioselectivity will disappear at the transient state at a certain ratio of host1:host2. Moreover, the migration times of the two enantiomers with host, alone (diluted in buffer) is approximately equal to the migration times at the corresponding concentration of host2 alone (diluted in buffer), where the ratio of concentrations of host1:host2 is the same as in the binary mixture at the transient state. As found by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, the analyte is forming a 1:1 complex with either one of the CDs applied. From this finding, a theoretical model based on the mobility difference of the two enantiomers was derived that was used to simulate the transient state.     

Die durch Lewis-Säuren katalysierte Cyclisierung von Geranylaceton

Geranylacetone ( 1a , 1b ) in the presence of a Lewis acid, undergoes a novel cyclization reaction to yield the two diastereomers 9-oxabicyclo[3·3·1]nonene 2 and 3 as main products. The formation of 2 and 3 is not stereospecific, i.e. both isomers 1a and 1b produce the same product mixture ( 2 / 3 ～ 2:1 ratio). This is in contrast to the known Brønsted-acid catalyzed cyclization of 1 , leading exclusively to the chromenes 4 and 5 in a stereospecific reaction. The reaction mechanisms and the structural assignments are discussed.     

共振瑞利散射光谱法测定饮料中日落黄

日落黄与壳聚糖盐酸盐发生缔合反应形成离子缔合物可使体系共振光显著增强。在1.0 mL pH 5.5的BR缓冲溶液中,该体系共振散射强度最大,反应可在室温5 min内迅速完成。在0.6～9μg.mL-1范围内散射强度(ΔI)与日落黄的浓度成正比,检出限为0.395μg.mL-1(n=5)。建立了一种简便、快速测定日落黄的方法,并成功用于饮料样品中日落黄含量的测定.加标回收率为93.0～101.8%,RSD为1.8～3.4%。     

稀土复合氧化物催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

甲烷氧化偶联反应是近年来研究十分活跃的反应,开发的催化剂体系多种多样,各有特点,活性相近,但尚没有一致公认的优良催化剂体系,根据我国稀土资源丰富的特点,本文旨在开发含稀土的复合氧化物新催化剂体系并探讨其催化行为。     

Removal of cationic dyes: basic magenta and methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption on modified loofah

Modified loofah was prepared by a simple chemical graft method to improve its adsorption for cationic dyes. Experimental results showed that the maximum amounts of basic magenta and methylene blue loaded on the modified loofah were 83.5 and 85.5 mg g^?1, and that on the unmodified loofah were 22.2 and 33.7 mg g^?1, respectively. The adsorption for both dyes could reach equilibrium after 300 min. A pseudo-second-order model is suitable for describing the adsorption and desorption kinetics of both dyes on the modified sorbent. According to the intra-particle diffusion model, sorption and desorption processes for the two dyes both presented two distinct phases and were mainly controlled by intra-particle diffusion. The dye-loaded modified loofah could be regenerated by using the mixture solution of HCl and ethanol (V_HCl:V_ethanol = 3:2) as eluent. Adsorption in the binary system showed that adsorption of the dyes was depressed by the presence of the other dye, and the two dyes could be removed efficiently when the initial concentrations were lower than 5.0 × 10^?5 mol L^?1. The Langmuir competitive model was suitable to predict the sorption isotherm in the binary system.