S_2ClF的构型及其异构化反应的密度泛函理论研究

采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在6-311+G(3df)水平上,全优化得到了S2ClF线型和分叉型2种异构体的平衡结构,同时对可能发生的分子内卤素原子迁移反应的过渡态进行了考察。计算结果表明,从能量角度看,线型的ClSSF为稳定构型,热力学和动力学计算表明,无论是F原子迁移还是Cl原子迁移,分子内的原子迁移需要较高的活化能,并且速度很慢。     

不饱和类碳烯H2C=CLiCI的构型及异构化的理论研

采用量子化学中的DFT理论方法，在B3LYP/6-311G*水平上全优化得到了不饱和类碳烯H2C=CLiCl的平衡结构。结果表明，不饱和类碳烯H2C=CLiCl只有2种平衡结构。对这2种平衡结构之间相互转化的过渡态进行计算，同时，采用统计热力学及过渡态理论，研究了2种平衡结构之间相互转化的热力学及动力学性质，进而讨论了2种平衡结构在不同温度下的稳定性问题，结果表明在所研究的100-600K温度范围内，只有一种平衡结构能够存在，在计算得到振动频率及吸收强度的基础上，模拟了稳定平衡结构的红外光谱图。     

不饱和类碳烯H_2C=CLiCl的构型及异构化的理论研究

采用量子化学中的DFT理论方法, 在B3LYP/6-311G*水平上全优化得到了不饱和类碳烯H2C=CLiCl的平衡结构。 结果表明, 不饱和类碳烯H2C=CLiCl只有2种平衡结构。 对这2种平衡结构之间相互转化的过渡态进行计算, 同时, 采用统计热力学及过渡态理论, 研究了2种平衡结构之间相互转化的热力学及动力学性质, 进而讨论了2种平衡结构在不同温度下的稳定性问题, 结果表明在所研究的100～600K温度范围内, 只有一种平衡结构能够存在。 在计算得到振动频率及吸收强度的基础上, 模拟了稳定平衡结构的红外光谱图。     

硝酰氯和顺/反亚硝酸氯及其互变异构反应的理论研究

用密度泛函理论（DFT）的B3LYP方法和6－311＋G（3df）基组，计算了气态下硝酰氯和顺／反应硝酸氯的几何构型、电子结构、红外光谱以及热力学性质，并讨论了它们的互变异构反应，分析了过渡态的结构。结果表明，B3LYP／6－311＋G（3df）计算得到的结果与实验值及CCSD（T）方法计算结果吻合，且更适应于研究反应机理，ClNO2转变为cis-ClONO的过渡态（TS1）偏离平面构型；cis-ClONO和trans-ClONO互变反应的过渡态（TS2）属于内旋转位垒；高水平计算表明不存在由ClNO2直接转变为trans-ClONO的过渡态，而是得到了一个十分接近异裂产物的二级马鞍点（2SP）。根据得到的热力学函数计算了气态时各温度下互变异构反应的平衡常数。     

巴比妥酸的质子迁移异构化反应及其芳香性的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论方法,在B3LYP/6-31G水平上研究了巴比妥酸的醇式和酮式结构的分子内质子迁移异构化反应,对反应势能面的研究发现,该化合物可能存在6种中间体和12种过渡态,对反应物、产物和过渡态进行了几何构型优化,在同一水平下计算了单点能量,并用频率振动模式和内稟坐标(IRC)确证了过渡态的存在,反应的活化能最小为107.50kJ·mol-1,最大为330.84kJ·mol-1。在GIAO-HF/6-31G//B3LYP/6-31G水平对反应物、产物,中间体和过渡态的非相关性化学位移(NICS)进行了计算,利用NICS值对反应过程中芳香性进行分析,发现如果分子中的C5与C6存在双键或者形成过渡态的四员环状结构,分子就有不同程度的芳香性,如果有C6上的羟基氢迁移到C5上,C5-C6以单键相结合,则分子就没有芳香性。     

不饱和类碳烯H2C(=)CLiBr的DFT研究

采用量子化学计算方法，在B3LYP／6－311G^*水平上全优化得到了不饱和类碳烯H2C＝CLiBr的平衡结构，结果表明，不饱和类碳烯H2C＝CLiBr只有两种平衡结构，对这两种平衡结构之间相互转化的过渡态进行计算，求得了转化势垒，根据计算得到的微观性质，采用统计热力学方法，研究了两种平衡结构之间相互转化的热力学性质，进而讨论了两种平衡结构在不同温度下的稳定性问题，在计算得到振动频率及强度的基础上，模拟了稳定平衡结构的红外光谱图。     

不饱和类卡宾H_2C=CLiF的密度泛函研究

采用量子化学中的密度泛函方法,在B3LYP/6-311G水平上全优化得到了不饱和类卡宾H2C=CLiF的平衡构型.结果表明,不饱和类卡宾H2C=CLiF只有2种平衡构型.对这2种平衡构型之间相互转化的过渡态进行计算,求得了转化势垒.根据计算得到的微观性质,采用统计热力学及过渡态理论,研究了2种平衡构型之间相互转化的热力学及动力学性质,进而讨论了2种平衡构型在不同温度下的稳定性问题.     

不饱和类卡宾H2C=CLiF的密度泛函研究

采用量子化学中的密度泛函方法,在B3LYP/6 311G水平上全优化得到了不饱和类卡宾H2C=CLiF的平衡构型.结果表明,不饱和类卡宾H2C=CLiF只有2种平衡构型.对这2种平衡构型之间相互转化的过渡态进行计算,求得了转化势垒.根据计算得到的微观性质,采用统计热力学及过渡态理论,研究了2种平衡构型之间相互转化的热力学及动力学性质,进而讨论了2种平衡构型在不同温度下的稳定性问题.     

SiCS分子结构及其稳定性的理论研究

采用DFT,QCISD及CCSD(T)方法对单重态、三重态SiCS的分子体系势能面进行理论计算,在QCISD/6-311G(d)水平上得到由3个过渡态连接的5个稳定构型.经动力学及热力学分析均是稳定的三重态线型分子SiCS(³1)、单重态线型分子SiCS(¹1)以及单重态的环状分子cSiCS(¹2).     

2,2-二氟-1-溴-1-锂乙烯的结构及重排反应的理论研究

用量子化学中的密度泛函DFT方法，在B3LYP／6-31G(d，p)水平上研究了2，2-二氟-1-溴-1-锂乙烯F2C—CLiBr的结构．结果表明，F2C=CLiBr有2种平衡结构，其中只有1种是稳定的．对稳定的平衡结构，找到了其可能的重排反应过渡态，根据计算得到的重排反应势垒，解释了氟原子只从溴原子对位发生迁移的原因．     

H2S2的构型及其异构化反应的密度泛函理论研究

B3LYP calculations of density functional theory with the 6-311 + G（3df,2p）basis set level are used to investigate the equilibrium structures and intramolecular rearrangement reaction between the linear HSSH and branched H2SS isomers. The predicted geometrical parameters and scaled harmonic vibrational frequencies for HSSH are in good agreement with the available values experimentally. The predicted S-S and S-H bond lengths in the thiosulfoxide structure H2SS are 0.1986 and 0.1366 nm respectively and the values of 5SSH and 5HSH bond angles are 108. 3o and 89. 5o respectively. The transition-state for the unimolecular isomerization is suitably characterized by diagonalizing the matrix of energy second derivatives to determine the unique imaginary vibrational frequency and confirmed by the IRC calculation. The calculated results show that the linear structure is stable with respect to the branched form（lower 109.8 kJ/mol corrected with zero point vibrational energy）energetically. The calculated energy barrier for the direct intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer isomerization process is 190.3 kJ/mol. The kinetic results demonstrate that the isomerization is a unimolecular process,but the reaction rate is pretty slow. This agrees with the thermodynamical results. So the isomerization process should proceed via the other likely processes.     

A Theoretical Study on the Equilibrium Structures and Relative Stabilities of H_2SO

1INTRODUCTIONTheconformationandvariousphysicalprope-rtiesofdichalcogencompoundsR-X-Y-R?(X,Y=O,S,Se,andTe)havebeenatopicofseveralexperi-mentalandtheoreticalinvestigations[1].CompoundscontainingS=SandS=Obondshavelongbeenpro-posedasintermediatesinorganicsynthesisand,onoccasion,asstableentities[2～18].Despitethecom-monlyusedrepresentationofS–Obondinsulfoxi-desandothersulfinylderivativesasS=O,sulfoxidesareinmanywaysbestdescribedasylideswithhighlypolarizedS–Oσ-bondbecauseofelectro-sta…     

ZSM-5分子筛催化1-己烯生成cis-2-己烯的理论研究

基于54T团簇模型, 采用ONIOM分层计算方法, 研究了1-己烯在ZSM-5分子筛上进行顺式双键异构的反应机理. 计算结果表明, 1-己烯的顺式双键异构反应通过只有分子筛Brønsted酸部分起作用的机理进行. 首先, 1-己烯与分子筛的Brønsted酸性位形成π配位复合物. 接着, 酸质子发生迁移使1-己烯的双键端基碳原子被质子化, 同时双键的另一碳原子与失去质子的Brønsted酸羟基的氧原子成键, 形成稳定的烷氧基中间体. 然后, 烷氧基中间体中的C―O共价键被打断, 同时Brønsted酸羟基的氧原子从C₆H₁₃基团提取一个氢原子还原分子筛的酸性位, 并且生成cis-2-己烯. 这一反应路径与借助于分子筛活性位的酸-碱双功能性质的反应路径是相互竞争的. 计算得到的表观活化能是59.37 kJ·mol^-1, 该值与实验值非常接近. 这一结果合理解释了双键异构过程中的能量特征, 并且扩展了对分子筛活性位本质的理解.     

卤代二硫烷互变异构体相对稳定性的理论研究

由于在有机合成化学、生命科学、大气化学和环境保护中的重要性,含有S=S键的过硫化物(硫烷)XSSX(X=H,CH3,F,Cl等)得到广泛研究。过硫化物XSSX可以有如图1所示的2种异构体,一种是与过氧化氢结构类似的非平面型的线型结构(属于C2点群),另一种是硫代亚砜型的分叉型构型(SSX2,属于C     

硝基胍H迁移异构化反应动力学的从头计算研究

Theoretical studies on the α- and β-forms nitroguanidine were carried out using ab initio theoretical methods, at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) level. The predicted geometrical parameters were in good agreement with the available theoretical values, which calculated by other author. The three C-N bond lengths in α-form nitroguanidine were different, the longest bond length was 1.430 A, the shortest was 1.283 A. But they were almost similar in β-form, the longest was 1.375 A, the shortest was 1.322 A. Therefore there were conjugative effects in β-form but not in α-form. The calculated results also show that the β-form is stable with respect to the α-form from energetically, lower 28.16 kJ/mol corrected with zero point vibrational energy. The transition-state for the unimolecular isomerization was conformed by the IRC calculation. The calculated energy barrier for the direct intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer isomerization process was 132.95 kJ/mol. The isomerization reaction, exothermal reaction, is a typical intramolecular hydrogen atom synfacial transfer reaction. Rate constants of the isomerization reaction were evaluated within the temperature range of 200-1773 K by the classical transition state theory. The rate constant was 1.99×10-11 s-1 and the equilibrium constant was 1.00×105 at 298 K. With the temperature increasing, the equilibrium value decayed and the reaction process was more difficult.     

Mechanism of the interconversions between C- and N-bound transition metal alpha-cyanocarbanions

The first presentation of the intra- and intermolecular mechanisms of the C-N interconversions of transition metal alpha-cyanocarbanions is described. A pair of N- and C-bound isomers of isonitrile complex Ru+Cp(NCCH-SO2Ph)(PPh3)(CN-t-Bu) (1) and RuCp[CH(CN)SO2Ph](PPh3)(CN-t-Bu) (2) was synthesized for the mechanistic studies on the N-to-C isomerizations. Structural characterization by X-ray diffractions of 1 and 2 indicated their typical zwitterionic and alpha-metalated structures. The kinetic studies on the irreversible isomerization of 1 to 2 in benzene-d6 at 333-348 K were carried out using 1H NMR spectroscopy, affording the first-order rate constants k1 and the activation parameters DeltaH = 107 +/- 2 kJ.mol-1 and DeltaS = -22 +/- 5 J.K-1.mol-1. The almost identical values of k1 were obtained upon similar treatment of 1 with 4 equiv of external ligands such as PPh3, CH3CN, and t-BuNC at 333 K, indicating that the N-to-C isomerization proceeds in an intramolecular manner without dissociation of a ligand. As a model system for the C-to-N isomerization, the irreversible transformation of RuCp[CH(CN)SO2Ph](PPh3)2 (3) to Ru+Cp(NCCH-SO2Ph)(PPh3)2 (4) was investigated under various reaction conditions. The reaction of 3 at room temperature in THF affords the coordination dimers (RRu*,SC*,RRu*,SC*)-{RuCp[CH(CN)SO2Ph](PPh3)}2 (5) stereoselectively, and its distorted mu2-C,N-bound structure was determined by X-ray analysis. The reaction profiles for the isomerization of 3 includes the generation- and temperature-dependent decays of dimeric species 5 and its diastereomer 6, which strongly suggests that the intra- and intermolecular pathways are included in the C-to-N isomerization. The intramolecular process of the C-to-N isomerization of 3 has been confirmed by the kinetic studies on the isomerization of 3 with excess amount of PPh3 in benzene-d6 at 333-348 K which afford the first-order kinetics with the activation parameters of DeltaH = 121 +/- 1 kJ.mol-1 and DeltaS = 42 +/- 4 J.K-1.mol-1. Treatment of 5 with PPh3 in boiling benzene gives rise to the quantitative formation of N-bound complex 4. The controlled kinetic experiments on the cleavage of 5 with PPh3 have concluded that the cleavage of 5 with PPh3 proceeds via simultaneous C-Ru and N-Ru bond scissions, indicating the temperature-dependent participation of intermolecular process in the C-to-N isomerization of 3.     

N2在Pd金属表面的吸附行为

对Pd原子采用相对论有效原子实势(RECP/SDD), N原子采用AUG-cc-pVTZ基函数, 利用B3LYP方法计算了PdN和PdN2分子的微观结构以及不同温度下的热力学函数. 以气态分子总能量中的振动能EV代替该分子处于固态时的振动能量, 以电子运动和振动运动熵SEV代替分子处于固态的熵的近似方法, 计算了不同温度下金属Pd与N2反应的ΔHӨ、ΔSӨ、ΔGӨ及氮化反应平衡压力, 导出了氮化反应平衡压力与温度的关系. 由此可看出, 在常压及298.15～998.15 K温度条件下, N2在金属Pd表面的吸附过程以Pd(s) + N2 = PdN2(s)反应进行. 计算得出在标准条件下, PdN(s)的生成焓为254.37 kJ·mol-1, PdN2(s)的生成焓为－80.59 kJ·mol-1. 并与Pd氢化反应平衡压力比较, 得到平衡常数Kp(N2)比Kp(H2)约小两个数量级, 说明N2较难被金属Pd表面吸附, 在热力学上有利于氢置换氮.     

Calculations on the competition between association and reaction for C3H(+) + H2

A potential energy surface has been calculated for the competing associative and reactive ion-molecule processes involving the reactants C3H(+) + H2. Our ab initio results show that the linear ion C3H+ and H2 can directly access the deep potential well of the propargyl ion H2CCCH+, which is calculated to lie 390 kJ mol-1 below the zero-point energy of the reactants. Isomerization between the propargyl ion and the lower energy, cyclic C3H3+ ion, calculated to lie 501 kJ mol-1 below the zero-point energy of reactants, can subsequently occur via two pathways. One of these pathways involves a transition state lying 22 kJ mol-1 below the energy of the reactants while the other, which occurs at much lower energies, involves two transition states and an intermediate. The dissociation of c-C3H3+ into c-C3H2(+) + H is calculated to occur directly, without any intermediate potential energy maximum, but the energy of the products lies 7.3 kJ mol-1 above the energy of the reactants. Using the minimum energy potential pathway and properties of the stationary point structures determined via ab initio methods, we have calculated both the association rate coefficient to produce C3H3+ as a function of density and the branching ratio between the propargyl and cyclic structures of the ion. Our results are in good agreement with some experimental results and in conflict with others. Specifically, we agree with the 1:1 branching ratio measured for the propargyl and cyclic isomers of C3H3+ at 80 and 300 K and we agree with the rate coefficient for radiative association measured at 80 K. We cannot reproduce reported measurements that the reactive channel (C3H2(+) + H) is the dominant channel at 80 K and at low gas densities, or that the association channel at high densities saturates at an effective rate coefficient well below the Langevin value -2x10(-11) cm3 s-1 at 300K and 1x10(-10) cm3 s-1 at 80K.     

3-羟基-2-吡啶亚胺异构反应的机理

在RHF-6-31G,MP2/6-31G和MP2/6-31G水平上,对3-羟基-2-吡啶亚胺的气相、水分子作为催化剂的异构化反应进行了研究,结果表明,气象异构难于进行,水分子作为催化剂参与反应过程是目标反应所循的反应路径。