MgO缺陷和不规则表面只附Cl的电子结构研究

采用从头算程序对ＭｇＯ表面３种不同配位位置吸附Ｃｌ２的构型进行优化,并用扩展休克尔紧束缚（ＥＨＴ）晶体轨道方法对ＭｇＯ的缺陷和不规则表面只附Ｃ１２的可能带计算,讨论了吸附前后能带组成和成键性质的变化。研究表明：ＭｇＯ表面吸附Ｃｌ２将更超向于吸附在Ｏ原子上而非Ｍｇ原子上,而且在３种配位中ＭｇＯ表面三配位氧最有利于吸附Ｃｌ２;吸附时,电子从Ｏ原子转移到Ｃｌ２分子的反键轨道,但是各种吸附的ＭｇＯ表面对Ｃ     

MgO缺陷和不规则表面吸附CO的能带和电子结构研究

采用从头算程序优化MgO表面三种不同配位位置吸附CO构型,并用扩展休克尔紧束缚(EHT)晶体轨道方法对MgO的缺陷和不规则表面吸附CO的可能构型进行能带计算,讨论了能带结构及组成,不同构型吸附前后能带和成键性质的变化,以及吸附前后的电荷转移和吸附键的变化规律。研究结果发现,CO的C端更有利于在MgO固体表面的吸附,具有氧缺陷结构的MgO更有利于吸附分解CO。     

Ni－Cu和MgO－SiO_2间的相互作用及其对催化性能的影响

本文用ＴＰＲ，ＩＲ，ＴＰＤ和ＴＰＳＲ等技术研究了以表面改性法制备的ＭｇＯ－ＳｉＯ２（ＭＳＯ）表面复合物担载的Ｎｉ－ＣＵ合金间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ加氢反应催化性能的影响．结果表明，ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ与ＭＳＯ间的相互作用导致部分ＭＯ与ＭＳＯ形成表面物种从而使金属组分氧化物还原温度明显升高；还原后的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ／ＭＳＯ表面上存在着两类活性中心，即合金相中的Ｎｉ与载体相中的Ｍｇ２＋（或Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ）；在两类活性中心的协同作用下，ＣＯ吸附除有孪生、线式和桥式吸附态物种外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态（Ｎｉ．．．Ｃ＝Ｏ→Ｍｇ２＋）．这种吸附态的活化程度较高，易在表面上发生裂解形成Ｎｉ－Ｃ和Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ，其中Ｎｉ－Ｃ是加氢反应的碳源；Ｈ２在催化剂表面上发生解离吸附形成Ｎｉ－Ｈ和Ｍｇ２＋－ＯＨ，前者比较活泼，是加氢反应的氢原．ＣＯ加氢生成烃类的反应在Ｎｉ中心上按＂表面碳＂机理进行，其生成ＣＺＨ４的选择性高于８０％；Ｈ２Ｏ的生成反应按２（Ｍｇ２＋－ＯＨ）－→Ｍｇ２＋＋（Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ）＋Ｈ２Ｏ方式进行．     

MgO缺陷和不规则表面吸附Cl2的电子结构研究

采用从头算程序对MgO表面 3种不同配位位置吸附Cl2 的构型进行优化 ,并用扩展休克尔紧束缚 (EHT)晶体轨道方法对MgO的缺陷和不规则表面吸附Cl2的可能构型进行能带计算 ,讨论了吸附前后能带组成和成键性质的变化。研究表明 :MgO表面吸附Cl2 将更趋向于吸附在O原子上而非Mg原子上 ,而且在 3种配位中MgO表面三配位氧最有利于吸附Cl2 ;吸附时 ,电子从O原子转移到Cl2 分子的反键轨道 ,但是各种吸附构型的MgO表面对Cl2 的吸附作用均比较微弱 ,是典型的物理吸附。     

用低能电子衍射研究Ag（001）表面吸附硒的表面结构

用低能电子衍射研究Ａｇ（００１）表面吸附硒的表面结构熊泽珍，刘秀文，白荣（电子科技大学材料科学与工程系成都６１００５４）关键词银吸附硒，表面结构，ＬＥＥＤ谱，能带理论引言Ｉｇｎａｔｉｅｖ等￣［１．２］已观测和计算了清洁Ａｇ（００１）表面吸附硒的ＬＥＥ...     

甲酸在Pt-Sn(111)/C合金表面吸附的量子化学研究

采用周期平板模型, 结合密度泛函理论对HCOOH和CO在Pt-Sn(111)/C表面的top、brigde、hcp和fcc共计8个位点的吸附模型进行构型优化和能量计算, 并对吸附前后的频率、电荷、能带和态密度进行了研究. 计算结果表明fcc-Pt₃是较为有利的吸附位点, Sn掺杂之后费米能级右移, 导带增宽, 价带和导带的位置略微降低, 合金表面电子结构变化利于甲酸的吸附解离催化, 可使甲酸燃料电池阳极催化性能显著提高. 通过催化剂表面的抗中毒分析, 发现CO在Pt-Sn(111)/C表面的吸附能以两种趋势下降, 阳极催化剂掺杂改性后抗CO中毒能力增强.     

CePO4低指数晶面结构性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论系统研究了CePO₄三个低指数晶面的几何结构、原子弛豫和表面能。通过观察表面结构以及比较表面能大小得出最优晶面。结果表明：表面原子均存在不同程度的弛豫,表面原子弛豫程度导致表面能的差异。表面能的大小顺序为(010)<(100)<(001),(010)晶面是CePO₄晶体稳定表面。稳定表面几何结构表明,终止末端暴露原子为O原子。使用Wulff结构计算的平衡形态表明(001)晶面、(010)晶面和(100)晶面面积分别占总晶体形状面积的14%,45%和41%。低能表面在Wulff结构中起主导作用,表面能越低的晶面面积占比越大。稳定的CePO₄晶面存在不饱和键,有利于气体分子的吸附。这项工作对CePO₄在其他方面的密度泛函理论(DFT)研究具有指导性意义,并将为CePO₄基催化剂上的吸附和解离提供稳定表面。     

放射性碘分子在Cu2O表面的吸附:第一性原理密度泛函研究

采用第一性原理密度泛函计算方法和周期性平板模型系统研究了放射性碘分子在Cu₂O三个低指数表面的吸附行为。通过计算若干平衡吸附构型的结构参数和吸附能评估了不同特征吸附位的作用。构型优化计算表明所选晶面存在适度的结构弛豫。计算结果表明,与Cu₂O（110）表面相比,Cu₂O（100）和（111）晶面表现出更高的碘分子吸附反应活性。其中,表面氧原子位（O_S）和配位未饱和铜原子位（Cu_CUS）分别为Cu₂O（100）和（111）晶面的能量最优吸附位点。此外,针对几种典型吸附结构计算分析了其电子结构信息,以进一步阐明吸附体系之间的相互作用机理。     

加压条件下MgO/BaCO_3催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应性能及失活 Ⅱ.催化剂表面结构对其催化性能的影响

用ＸＰＳ，ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ及ＣＯ与ＣＨ４的恒温脉冲反应技术，深入研究加压失活ＭｇＯ／ＢａＣＯ３催化剂表面结构变化对其催化性能的影响．结果表明，加压失活催化剂表面活性氧物种Ｏ２－２离子浓度大大降低；表面晶格氧的流动性及晶格氧参与甲烷转化的能力都大大减弱；由于加压失活催化剂表面结构发生变化，ＭｇＯ和ＢａＣＯ３共同作用形成的强碱中心消失．     

缺陷TiO2(110)表面吸附NO从头算研究

应用量子化学从头算方法对ＮＯ在ＴｉＯ２表面发生吸附的四种吸附模型进行了榴型优化，能量计算及Ｍｕｌｌｉｋｅｎ布居分析。计算结果表明，吸附模型Ｍ２－２是ＮＯ在ＴｉＯ２表面发生吸附分解最为有利的模型。据此提出了ＮＯ在ＴｉＯ２表面吸附分解形成Ｎ２Ｏ的可能机理，认为吸附ＮＯ发生该分解反应的反应势垒较自由ＮＯ大大降低，从而催化该反应的发生。该机理与实验的推测一致。     

A First-principles Study on the Gas Sensitivity of Metal-loaded Graphene with an Atomic Vacancy to O_2

In this work, adsorption energies, geometrical and electronic structures for adsorption systems of O_2 at metal-loaded graphene(M-Gra) and metal-loaded defective graphene(M-D-Gra)(M = Ni, Pd, Pt and Al) surfaces are studied using a GGA-PW91 method. Calculated results show that loaded M make the interaction between O_2 and the graphene surface change from physical to chemical adsorptions, band gaps of M-Gra systems after the O_2 adsorption change, and the Ni-loaded Gra has the highest sensitivity to O_2. For O_2-M-D-Gra systems, interactions between O_2 and the M-D-Gra surfaces are chemical, similar to the O_2-M-Gra systems, and loaded Pt and Al have the strongest effect on the sensitivity of D-Gra to O_2. The M loads at the perfect Gra and D-Gra surfaces make the interactions between O_2 and the surfaces have obvious charge transfer. This work would provide a valuable guidance on the gas sensitivity study of graphene to O_2.     

Theoretical Study of the AlCl Disproportionation Reaction Mechanism on the Al(100) Surface

The surface disproportionation reaction mechanism of aluminum subchloride on the aluminum (100) surfaces has been investigated by the plane-wave density functional theory (DFT).Three kinds of possible reaction mechanism of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces have been taken into account.The structures of reactants and products have been optimized,transition states have been confirmed and activation energies have been calculated.The adsorption energy of reactants and desorption energy of products have been determined.All of these have been employed to confirm the reaction mechanism and the rate determining step of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces.     

Study of CO adsorption on perfect and defective pyrite(100)surfaces by density functional theory

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been used to study the adsorption of CO molecule on the perfect and defective FeS 2 (100) surfaces. The defective Fe 2 S(100) surfaces are caused by sulfur deficiencies. Slab geometry and periodic boundary conditions are employed with partial relaxations of atom positions in calculations. Two molecular orientations, Cand O-down, at various distinct sites have been considered. Total energy calculations indicated that no matter on perfect or deficient surfaces, the Fe position is relatively more favored than the S site with the predicted binding energies of 120.8 kJ/mol and 140.8 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, CO was found to be bound to Fe atom in vertical configuration. The analysis of density of states and vibrational frequencies before and after adsorption showed clear changes of the C–O bond.     

Theoretical Study of the AICI Disproportionation Reaction Mechanism on the Al(100) Surface

The surface disproportionation reaction mechanism of aluminum subchloride on the aluminum (100) surfaces has been investigated by the plane-wave density functional theory (DFT).Three kinds of possible reaction mechanism of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100)surfaces have been taken into account. The structures of reactants and products have been optimized, transition states have been confirmed and activation energies have been calculated. The adsorption energy of reactants and desorption energy of products have been determined. All of these have been employed to confirm the reaction mechanism and the rate determining step of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces.     

First-principles study of the atomic structures,electronic properties,and surface stability of BaTiO3 (001) and (011) surfaces

The atomic structures, electronic properties, and surface stability of (001) and (011) surfaces of BaTiO₃ are studied by first-principles calculations. Four differently terminated BaTiO₃ surfaces are considered in this study, including (001)-BaO, (001)-TiO₂, (011)-BaTiO, and (011)-O₂ terminations. The relaxations and rumplings are calculated and discussed, finding that the first layer relaxes inwards, while the second layer relaxes outwards for (001) and (110) surfaces. The data obtained for electronic properties show that O_2p states in (001)-BaO/(001)-TiO₂ termination shift to the lower/higher energy region, leading to a wide/narrow band gap. And the new produced surface states are observed in (011) surface terminations, which is mainly attributed to the supplied electrons from outermost surface atoms, even O atoms are oxidized. Furthermore, the (001) surface of BaTiO₃ is found to be more stable than the (011) surface according to the predicted surface energy which is 0.86 and 2.92 J/m² for (001) and (011) surfaces, respectively. Of which, BaO termination is predicted to be more likely to cleavage from the (001) direction than the TiO₂ termination is.     

氧分子在Cu2O(111)表面吸附与解离的理论研究

本文采用密度泛函方法结合周期性平板模型,研究了氧原子和氧分子在完整和存在缺陷的Cu₂O(111)表面的吸附。计算结果表明氧原子倾向于吸附在配位饱和的Cu_CSA位,而对于氧分子,则强烈倾向于吸附在配位不饱和的Cu_CUS位。氧分子在含有氧空位的缺陷表面的优势吸附位为平行吸附于空位上方的桥位。过渡态的计算表明氧分子在缺陷表面的解离是一个活化能很小的放热过程。     

Surface Defects Activating New Reaction Paths: Formation of Formate during Methanol Oxidation on Ru(0001)

Methanol was co‐adsorbed with oxygen on Ru(0001) under conditions approaching those of real catalysts: at room temperature and at relatively high pressures and exposures, together with a comparative analysis of flat and defective surfaces. To clarify reaction routes, parallel exposures to formaldehyde and oxygen have also been analyzed. It is found that for both mixtures of gases, a new reaction path is activated on defective surfaces, in which methanol is oxidized to formate. Furthermore, at variance with pure methanol adsorption, apart from CO, various intermediates are observed in both flat and defective surfaces. On flat surfaces, formaldehyde and formyl are recognized whereas on defective ones methoxy and formate are detected. A model involving steering effects is presented, which accounts for the activity of surface defects towards the synthesis of formate.