分子扭转振动固有频率与链烷烃的定量-结构性质相关研究

将链烷烃分子拓扑图近似地看作一个多自由度扭转振动系统，分子中的原子或 原子基团代表系统中的质点，化学键代表连续各质点的弹簧，用相对原子量反映质 点的质量大小，用键能反映弹簧的刚度，用机械振动理论方法计算各阶固有频率ω _i，用其中的基频ω_0和总频∑ω_i作为链烷烃分子结构信息指数，建立结构-性 质相关模型：P_i = aω_0 + b∑ω_i + c。将该模型用于链烷烃分子的15种物理 化学性质的相关分析，其相关性系数均在0.9190与1.0000之间。     

改进的连接性指数用于链烷烃热力学性质与沸点研究

基于邻接矩阵和原子特征值qi，建立邻接指数^mQ,用^0Qr,^1Q与85种链烷烃的标准生成焓、标准生成自由能、标准熵和沸点关联，相关系数均在0.99以上，属于良好模型，与Randic指数的^mX比较，^mQ具有良好的性质相关性。     

烷烃电离能和生成焓的相关性

根据化合物形成过程中价电子能量变化与生成焓之间的关系, 推导出烷烃的生成焓和电离能之间的关系. 以21个烷烃化合物为模型将实验测定的电离能与标准生成焓进行直接关联, 证实了模型方程的适用性, 所得回归方程的相关系数达到0.9999, 估算值与实验值之间的标准偏差仅为0.03 eV. 同时还利用实验测定的标准生成焓对一系列烷烃的电离能作了预测.     

直链烷烃结构型和凝聚型性质的递变规律研究

用图示法和非线性规划的方法对直链烷烃同系物最高成键分子轨道能级、最低成键分子轨道能级,电离电位、氧化半波电位、正常沸点、正常熔点、临界压力、临界温度、密度、折光率、表面张力和粘度等12种结构型性质和凝聚型性质的变化规律进行研究,结果发现直链烷烃结构型性质和凝聚型性质一般能遵守同系对数递变规律,各种结构型性能和凝聚型性能均与对数递变函数呈优良的相关性,相关系数均大于0.99．用同系对数递变规律对直链烷烃各种性能进行预测的结果表明,除少数同系列起始化合物的偏差较大外,大多数预测值与实验值非常吻合,实验散点几乎与对数递变函数曲线相重合．     

烷烃的热力学性质与结构的关系

在分子图邻接矩阵的基础上提出了一个新的连接性指数mX,mX与烷烃的标准熵、原子化焓、标准生成焓、汽化焓、标准生成吉布斯自由能具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均在0·99以上。结果表明,该模型简单、实用、可靠,而且物理意义明确,对有机物有较高的结构区分能力。对157种烷烃的计算结果表明,热力学性质的计算值和实验值的平均相对误差不超过0·77%。     

分子拓扑指数与链烷烃热力学性质的关系

碳原子个数N和路径数P3是表征链烷烃分子的大小、支化度和形状等结构特征的重要参数,引入烷烃所含甲基数的1.5次方M1和3次方M2表征取代基效应,运用多元线性模型研究了链烷烃标准生成焓、标准摩尔熵、标准生成吉布斯自由能等三种热力学性质与N,P3,M1和M2之间的定量关系,相关系数分别达到0.9993,0.9989和0.9972,标准偏差分别是2.2809kJ/mol,5.9093J/(mol·K),2.0585kJ/mol,其计算值与实验值非常接近.     

氯化烷基咪唑系列离子液体标准摩尔燃烧焓和生成焓

用精密氧弹热量计测定了4种离子液体: 氯化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑(C2MIC), 氯化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑(C4MIC), 氯化1-甲基-3-戊基咪唑(C5MIC)和氯化1-甲基-3-己基咪唑(C6MIC)的燃烧热, 计算了它们的标准摩尔燃烧焓 和标准摩尔生成焓 , 结合文献中的标准摩尔溶解焓, 估算了烷基咪唑阳离子在水溶液中的标准摩尔生成焓, 以及亚甲基对标准摩尔燃烧焓和标准摩尔生成焓的贡献.     

分子结构力学有限元分析方法估算多元醇液体热导率

将乙二醇分子模拟成一个多自由度无阻尼自由振动体系,用振动力学有限元分析方法中的空间刚架元对乙二醇分子结构隐氢图进行分析求解,可得到相应的分子结构固有频率.选择其中的基频、总频及其确定的Lennard-Jones势函数为模型参量,用于建立乙二醇液体热导率温度关联式,其相关系数高达0.994 5;用于建立乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇液体热导率-温度关联式,其相关系数高达0.999 8;用于建立乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇（甘油）3种液体热导率-温度关联式,其相关性高达0.997 6.结果表明：基于分子结构固有频率和Lennard-Jones势函数的热导率-温度关联式可用于不同温度下多元醇类液体热导率的预测和估算.     

计算饱和醇异构体标准生成焓的新方法

基于极性叠加原理,在成功设计烷烃异构体和多氯代烷烃生成焓计算新方法的基础上,设计了一种计算多元醇异构体生成焓的新方法,并合理地假定任一异构体的原子化焓等于三种键(C-C、C-H和C-O-H键)的键能、极性叠加能项以及氢键能项的加和.用这一模型拟合24种原子化焓数据,得到了标准生成焓的估算公式.为了检验预测的精确性,又设计了一种预测方法,使用在排除被预测的化合物条件下回归得到的参数,预测该化合物的生成焓.按这种方法,预测了24种异构体的生成焓.通过该5参数预测的相对于实验值的各种误差(平均绝对误差、均方根误差和最大绝对误差)不仅比7参数的基团法预测的对应误差小得多,而且比相应实验数据的误差还要小.与键加和法比较,该方法的模型包含了极性叠加能和氢键能量,该两项代表了主要的非键相互作用能,表征了不同异构体的结构差异,并大大减少了参数.     

2-氯丁烷、1,2=二氯丁烷气态生成焓的测量

用转动氧弹燃烧热量计测量了298.15K时2-氯丁烷和1,2-二氯丁烷的标准液态燃烧反应内能变化值,得到了它们的标准所态生成焓值,并进一步考查了二氯取代地氯代烷烃气态生成焓值的影响量.     

直链烷烃物理性质递变规律研究

以直链烷烃同系物结构重复单元数值连续变化为模型假定,获得了描述直链烷烃同系物物理性质递变规律的数学表达式: P＝a+bn(1/c),其中a、 b、 c均为常数, n为结构重复单元数值, P为直链烷烃同系物的物理性质。通过非线性回归分析,得到回归方程,结果表明直链烷烃同系物的物理性质与重复单元数值之间满足上述关系式,均显示优良的相关性。     

Multi-vicinal fluoroalkanes: a new class of organofluorine compounds

"Multi-vicinal fluoroalkanes" are straight-chain alkanes in which each adjacent carbon atom is bonded to one fluorine atom. Such molecules may be regarded as intermediate in structure between alkanes and perfluoroalkanes. The alternate fluoromethylene groups also generate stereogenic centres, which need to be controlled during synthesis. This review will describe our recent progress in the preparation of such single isomer motifs and the study of the conformational behaviour of this new class of organofluorine compounds.     

The third-order NLO properties of D-π-A molecules with changing a primary amino group into pyrrole

The nonlinear refractive index, as well as the two-photon absorption (TPA), has been investigated by the femtosecond Z-scan method for push–pull molecules, in which a primary donor group is weakened by conversion into a pyrrole or related heterocycle. The results at the fast response time show that, contrary to what had been expected from a previous work, there is a little decrease in the nonlinear refractive index change by introduction of the weaker donor groups. Although the measured TPA spectra showed that the observed nonlinear refractive index change was regarded to be off-resonant; difference in the frequency dispersion among the molecules considerably contributes to the decrease, in addition to difference in the intrinsic static nonlinearity. This shows that there is some future in the development of these non-resonant materials.     

Theoretical investigation of doubly resonant IR-UV sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of binaphthol chiral solution

The doubly resonant IR-UV sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BN) solution and its dispersion spectra are analyzed and computed using the ZINDO//AM1 calculation and the direct approach of Raman scattering tensor calculation, which is based on calculations of Franck-Condon factors and on differentiation of the electronic transition moments with respect to the vibrational normal modes. The calculated results indicate that, for the most intense vibrational bands observed in the SFVS experiment, the calculated frequencies, symmetry, order, intensities, and pattern of the enhanced vibrational modes agree with experiment qualitatively, and due to the Franck-Condon progression, there are the doublet peaks in the corresponding resonant sum-frequency dispersion spectra. The polarization resonance Raman spectra of BN for the vibrational modes appearing in SFVS are also computed and associated with the experiment SFVS of BN. This direct evaluation approach of Raman tensors may provide a way of assigning the doubly resonant IR-UV SFVS.     

Surfaces of alcohol-water mixtures studied by sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

Sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy was used to investigate the surface molecular structure of binary mixtures of water and alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) at the air/liquid interface. In this study, it is shown that the sum-frequency signal from the alcohol molecules in the CH-stretch vibration region is always larger for mixtures than that from pure alcohol. For example, the sum-frequency signal from a propanol mixture surface at a 0.1 bulk mole fraction was approximately 3 times larger than that from a pure propanol surface. However, the ratio between the sum-frequency signals taken at different polarization combinations was found to be constant within experimental errors as the bulk alcohol concentration was changed. This suggested that the orientation of surface alcohol molecules does not vary appreciably with the change of concentration and that the origin of the signal enhancement is mainly due to the increase in the surface number density of alcohol molecules contributing to the sum-frequency signal for the alcohol/water mixture as compared to the pure alcohol surface.     

Cross-Propagation Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Here we report the theory formulation and the experiment realization of sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) in the cross-propagation (XP) geometry or configuration. In the XP-SFG-VS, the visible and the infrared (IR) beams in the SFG experiment are delivered to the same location on the surface from visible and IR incident planes perpendicular to each other, avoiding the requirement to have windows or optics to be transparent to both the visible and IR frequencies. Therefore, the XP geometry is applicable to study surfaces in the enclosed vacuum or high pressure chambers with far infrared (FIR) frequencies that can directly access the metal oxide and other lower frequency surface modes, with much broader selection of visible and IR transparent window materials. The potential applications include surface science, material science, fundamental catalytic sciences, as well as low temperature molecular sciences, etc.     

低级直链醇分子横截面积测定实验的改进研究*

为提高教学实验低级直链醇分子横截面积测定结果的准确性,本研究通过最大气泡法,以Szyszkowski公式为拟合方程,在所设定的4个浓度区间内对各种低级直链醇的分子横截面积进行系统化研究,从而确定了不同醇适用该法的大致浓度区间,同时讨论了直链醇碳链长度、浓度与醇分子表面吸附行为3者之间的内在联系。     

Alkane lengths determine encapsulation rates and equilibria

A cylindrical capsule provides an environment for straight-chain alkanes that can properly fill the space through extended or compressed conformations. The encapsulation rates of a series of alkanes were examined and found to be dependent on guest length: the rates of uptake are C(9) > C(10) > C(11), while complex stability is in the reverse order, C(11) > C(10) > C(9). Direct competition experiments, pairwise or between all 3 alkanes, maintain this order as the longer alkanes sequentially displace the shorter ones. The distribution of species with time provides a clock for this complex system, which combines elements of self-sorting phenomena and dynamic combinatorial chemistry. The clock can be stopped by replacing the alkanes with the superior guest 4,4'-dimethylazobenzene, then restarted by irradiation.