镍基催化剂上硫醇与异戊二烯硫醚化反应的研究

在上流式气-液-固三相固定床微型反应装置上，对Ni／Al2O3催化剂上硫醇与异戊二烯硫醚化反应进行了研究，并考察了反应温度、压力、空速、临氢条件对催化剂二烯硫醚化反应性能的影响。结果表明，异戊二烯与硫醇在镍基催化剂的作用下，可以发生反应生成高沸点的硫醚化合物，反应温度和空速对催化剂二烯硫醚化活性有明显的影响，提高反应温度和降低空速有利于提高硫醇在二烯硫醚化反应过程中的转化率，在临氢反应条下，可以提高催化剂二烯硫醚化反应的活性和稳定性。     

气相法苯胺N—烷基化反应研究：Ⅲ.苯胺和甲醇催化合成N,N—二甲…

本文报导了在系列复合氧化物催化剂上苯胺和甲醇反应合成Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲苯胺研究，并从中选择了活性和选择性良好的ＬＨＰ催化剂，在常压气相反应条件下说细地考察了反应温度，液时空速，苯胺和甲醇摩尔比变化等对催化剂活性和选择性的影响，提出了两段转化的新工艺流程。     

甲烷在SrO－La_2O_3／CaO催化剂上的氧化偶联──IV．热点温度效应和反应气中添加CO_2的影响

研究了甲烷在ＬＣ和ＳＬＣ催化剂体系上氧化偶联反应过程的热效应现象和反应气中添加ＣＯ２对催化剂反应行为的影响．在不使用稀释气的情况下，当反应温度由８７３升至９２３Ｋ时，反应活性存在一个突变点．这主要是由ＣＨ４燃烧反应放出大量热使催化剂床层的局部温度很高，形成一个局部过热区，因此引发甲烷氧化偶联．此即所谓热点温度效应，它严重影响催化剂活性评价结果的可靠性和重复性．在反应气中添加ＣＯ２对ＬＣ几乎无影响；由于ＳＬＣ中各组分与ＣＯ２作用生成碳酸盐，使催化剂表面氧浓度显著减少，导致催化剂的反应活性大大降低和严重失活．     

铁催化剂在碳—氧反应中的热重研究

采用动态TG－DTG，研究了铁催化剂的制备方法、前驱化合物的 种类及 热处理对其在碳－氧反应中催化活性的影响。观察到在干混法制备催化剂时，所用铁盐分解温度越低活性越高。此外还发现，热处理可明显提高由分解温度高的含氧铁盐制备的 催化剂的活性，但对于不含氧铁盐和分解温度低的含氧铁盐无影响。     

纳米WO3粉体的制备与光催化活性研究

报道了以钨酸钠和盐酸为主要原料，通过气液反应制备纳米WO3粉体光催化剂的新方法．在XPS，XRD，TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征的基础上，又讨论了焙烧温度和乙醇加入量对催化剂粒度大小以及光催化活性的影响．同时对纳米WO3粉体催化剂的光催化重整乙醇制氢反应活性进行了研究，观察了产氢效率和光电化学行为．研究结果表明，气液反应法是一种简单有效的制备纳米WO3粉体催化剂的方法，并显示出较好的光催化活性；该方法所得的三氧化钨粉末粒子平均直径在100nm以下；钨酸钠溶液中乙醇加入量对三氧化钨粉末粒子的尺寸和分散性都有影响，随着乙醇量的增加，粒子尺寸减小，且分散性较好．焙烧温度引起的WO3粒子晶体结构的变化会导致光氧化还原电位变化，是引起光催化活性差异的主要原因．     

镍基气凝胶催化CH4-CO2重整制取合成气反应的研究 Ⅲ.影响催化剂积碳性能因素的探讨

考察了823K焙烧的干凝胶xNCA550、气凝胶aNCA550及浸渍型催化剂iNCA550在923K、1073K、1173K反应温度下的积碳行为，对催化剂表面碳的活性及类型进行了分析，并探讨了影响催化剂积碳的因素。实验结果表明，随反应温度的提高，催化剂的积碳能力减弱，尤以气凝胶催化剂aNCA550明显。催化剂的积碳主要发生在反应的初期，反应温度越高，到达积碳量相对稳定期所需要的时间越短；随着反应时间的延续，催化剂积碳量缓慢增长，并且表面碳的活性降低。催化剂的酸性和镍晶粒大小是影响其积碳性能的主要内在因素，而它们对积碳的影响程度受反应温度的影响，反应温度越高，催化剂表达酸性中心利于积碳的作用越小，小晶粒镍抑制催化剂积碳的能力越强。     

钛硅分子筛催化丙烯环氧化反应条件的研究

以用四丙基溴化铵（ＴＰＡＢｒ）为模板剂合成的钛硅分子筛ＴＳ－１为催化剂，Ｈ２Ｏ２为氧化剂，系统地研究了丙环氧化反应的规律，考察了反应温度、丙烯压力、催化剂用量、反应时间等反应参数的影响，找到了较佳的丙烯环氧化反应条件。研究发现：温度对反应结果有显著影响。随反应温度升高，Ｈ２Ｏ２转化率提高，但环氧丙烷（ＰＯ）选择性降低；丙烯压力对反应结果无明显影响，催化剂不经再生处理，多次重复使用产物分布保持不变，     

用制备的纳米氧化铜直接合成三乙氧基硅烷的研究

合成了纳米氧化铜催化剂并进行了表征，对催化剂在溶剂中以硅粉与气态乙醇反应合成三乙氧基硅烷进行了研究，讨论了反应温度、催化剂用量、硅粉粒度、不同溶剂对反应的影响．并与CuCl催化剂进行了比较。     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2超强酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯初探

初步探索了SO42-／ZrO2超强酸作为合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）催化剂的催化性能．详细考察了反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间对邻苯二甲酸酐转化率的影响．结果表明，反应温度低于428K时，温度的升高显著增加邻苯二甲酸酐的转化率，反应温度高于428K时，温度的升高对转化率的影响较小；催化剂用量为邻苯二甲酸酐的3％时，邻苯二甲酸酐的转化率即可达到93．6％，表明SO42-／ZrO2超强酸催化剂具有很高的催化活性；催化剂使用20小时后，转化率由958％下降到86．5％，表明初步制得的催化剂稳定性还较差；用SO42-／ZrO2超强酸催化剂会成的DOP为无色透明油状液体。其品质明显优于用对甲苯磺酸或液体改作催化剂时的产品。     

Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸 I．催化剂的制备条件及稳定性

研究了催化剂的制备条件(焙烧方式、焙烧气氛和焙烧温度)对Mo-V-Te-Nb-O上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸反应的影响．结果表明，制备条件对催化剂的催化性能具有很大的影响．与敞开式焙烧制得的催化剂相比，封闭式焙烧制得的催化剂具有较高的丙烯酸选择性，但丙烷转化率较低．在空气中焙烧制得的催化剂对丙烯酸无选择性，但在氮气和氩气中焙烧制得的催化剂具有很高的丙烷转化率和丙烯酸选择性．随着焙烧温度的升高，丙烷转化率降低，丙烯酸选择性升高，适宜的焙烧温度为600℃．催化剂制备条件对催化剂的晶相结构也具有重要的影响．在惰性气氛中采用600℃下封闭式焙烧制得的Mo-V-Te-Nb-O催化剂经210h反应后，丙烷转化率保持为19％，而丙烯酸选择性持续升高，由32％升至50％．     

The Process Analysis of the Synthesis of Cyclohexyl Methyl Dichlorosilane by Gas Chromatograph

For the preparation of the cyclohexyl methyl dichlorosilane(CMD),it has been reported by Speier⑴ that the mixture of cyclohexene is sealed in a glass ampule and heated in boiling water. Endo disclosed a method in which the hydrosilylation is at 70℃ under irradiation. The present paper proposes a method for preparation of CMD under normal condition without high pressure and irradiation. The restriction on the manufacture facilities and apparatuses can be relieved and productivity can be remarkably enhanced, which permit the decrease of a manufactory cost. In order to improve the working efficiency and investigate the mechanism of the reaction, process analysis is employed based on gas chromatograph with valuable results obtained.     

Insertion of a stable dialkylsilylene into silicon-chlorine bonds

The reactions of a stable dialkylsilylene with chlorosilanes such as tetrachlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and dichlorosilane occurred smoothly at room temperature in hydrocarbon solvents to give the corresponding Si-Cl bond insertion products. In the reaction of the silylene with dichlorosilane, only the Si-Cl bond insertion product was obtained, while a similar reaction with dimethylchlorosilane gave only the Si-H insertion product, emphasizing the remarkable difference in the steric requirements between these two insertion reactions. No reaction took place during the treatment of the silylene with trimethylchlorosilane. The Si-Cl insertion reactions are expected to be applied in the synthesis of new organosilicon frameworks that cannot be obtained by conventional methods.     

Branched-Chain Reaction of Dichlorosilane Chlorination in the Presence of Inhibiting and Deactivating Additives

Dichlorosilylene (SiCl₂) was identified along with SiHCl radicals in the chlorination reaction of dichlorosilane at low pressures and 293 K. The inhibiting effect of propylene additives (>4 vol %) on the self-ignition of dichlorosilane mixtures with molecular chlorine was found. In the presence of a chemically inert additive of SF₆ (>45%), the inhibiting effect was dramatically increased; this fact is an indication that energy factors play an important role. The absence of a isothermal flame propagation regime under experimental conditions suggests that chain branching occurs in a reaction whose rate is a linear function of the concentration of active centers. A kinetic mechanism was proposed, which includes the participation of silylenes in the branching process with the formation of excited states. This mechanism qualitatively describes the experimentally observed behavior.     

Kinetic Factors Determining Specific Features of Solid Phase Formation in Dichlorosilane Oxidation

Experimental data on the kinetic regularities of aerosol SiO₂ formation in the course of dichlorosilane oxidation by oxygen at different initial pressures, compositions of the reaction mixture, and temperatures ranging from 380 to 578 K are presented. It is shown that the regularities of the process, including the specific feature of the transition from the regime of solid phase formation in the form of a film to the regime of aerosol formation can be explained on the basis of the Volmer–Weber–Frenkel–Zeldovich nucleation theory taking into account the branched chain nature of the reaction. The conditions for the transition of chain combustion into the regime of chain–thermal explosion almost coincide with the conditions of intensive formation of aerosol. The SF₆ additives inhibit the process and thereby increase the dispersity of aerosol and the minimal pressure of its formation.     

Procedures for the preparation of silanols

Two procedures are described for the preparation of silanols and silanediols from the corresponding chlorosilanes. The first procedure, a two-phase hydrolysis-extraction process, is particularly convenient and suited to the preparation of a wide range of mono-silanols. Hydrolysis of dichlorosilanes by this procedure gives varied results depending on the structure of the dichlorosilane and specific reaction conditions. The second procedure, a modification of a published procedure, is especially beneficial for the preparation of silanols and silanediols prone to undergo self-condensation.     

Stepwise synthesis of siloxane chains

Siloxane chains of designated lengths can be synthesized with high yields by reacting tris(tert-butoxy)silanol alternately with dichlorosilane and silanediol.     

氢气对氯硅烷功能化非共轭α,ω-双烯烃和丙烯共聚物链结构的影响

基于Ziegler-Natta催化剂的氯硅烷功能化非共轭α,ω-双烯烃与丙烯共聚,在水的引发下脱水缩合可有效地形成长支链结构的聚丙烯树脂.而氢气常作为丙烯聚合中的链转移剂,调控聚丙烯的分子量,基于此,研究了氢气对氯硅烷功能化非共轭α,ω-双烯烃与丙烯共聚物链结构的影响.核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)测试结果表明,氢气抑制了氯硅烷功能化非共轭α,ω-双烯烃的插入,随着氢气用量的增加,共聚物分子链中端基乙烯基含量由0.12 mol%降低到0.05 mol%.熔体流变行为测试结果显示,聚合物熔体的储能模量、损耗模量和零剪切黏度均随着氢气用量增加而降低,这主要是由于相对分子质量减小和长支链密度的减少.     

基于环硼氮烷的高陶瓷产率SiBCN先驱体的合成与性能

聚合物先驱体转化法作为制备SiBCN陶瓷及其复合材料的重要途径,具有成型温度低、产物结构和组成可控等优点.设计合成合适的聚合物先驱体是提高陶瓷产率和性能的关键因素之一,本文采用三氯环硼氮烷(TCB)与乙炔基氯化镁进行反应,合成了乙炔基环硼氮烷,进而与二氯硅烷和二氯甲基乙烯基硅烷进行共氨解反应,制备了聚硼硅氮烷先驱体(PBSZ)并进行了高温裂解.采用综合热分析(TG-DSG)对其陶瓷化过程进行了分析,并采用XRD和SEM对陶瓷化产物的结构进行了表征.PBSZ在室温下是液态,易溶于二氯甲烷和氯仿等溶剂,可加工性优良.基于PBSZ先驱体的SiBCN陶瓷产率超过80%;陶瓷化产物在1400℃以下为无定形状态,在1500℃可形成由α-Si3N4,β-Si3N4,h-BN和SiO2晶体结构组成的陶瓷;陶瓷产物表面致密平整且具有优异的热稳定性和氧化性能,表明聚硼硅氮烷(PBSZ)有望成为高陶瓷产率和高性能陶瓷的重要先驱体.     

Kinetic Features of Aerosol Formation in the Branched Chain Process of Dichlorosilane Oxidation under Static Conditions: I. Initiated Ignition

It is found experimentally that the initial pressure of aerosol formation progressively decreases with an increase in the initial concentration of dichlorosilane in the initiated ignition of dichlorosilane mixtures with oxygen at 293 K. The dependence of the maximal aerosol concentration on the total pressure is S-shaped. A generalized kinetic scheme is proposed that qualitatively describes the regularities observed in the experiments. The most important calculated parameters are the heat evolved in the chain process and the dependence of the pressure of the saturated vapor of a new phase on temperature. It is shown that the specific features of branched-chain processes under nonisothermic conditions determine the kinetic regularities of new phase formation. The optimal range of pressures is recommended for obtaining particles with as low dispersivity as possible.     

Gas-chromatographic and mass-spectrometric determination of impurity hydrocarbons in organochlorine compounds and dichlorosilane

A procedure was proposed for the gas-chromatographic determination of impurity organic compounds in high-purity dichlorosilane with a detection limit of 0.1–0.2 ppm, which allows metrological control in the production of high-purity dichlorosilane according to the current requirements of microelectronics.