改性成都粘土预处理垃圾渗滤液的吸附热力学和动力学研究

本文采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)对成都粘土进行改性,将改性粘土用于垃圾渗滤液处理,对处理过程的吸附热力学和动力学进行研究。研究表明,分别在303.15K、313.15K和333.15K下,粘土吸附渗滤液中氨氮和有机物的平衡时间为50min左右,改性后的粘土吸附效果比原土提高了大约2～3倍;改性粘土对氨氮的吸附既符合Langmuir等温吸附,也符合Freundlich等温模型,对有机物的吸附更符合Freundlich等温模型;此反应过程均属自发的放热过程,其吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学方程和粒子内扩散方程。     

大环化合物改性聚苯乙烯纳米纤维膜对染料吸附性能的研究

通过静电纺丝的方法制备吡啶酮大环化合物改性聚苯乙烯纳米纤维膜(PS/PBPM纳米纤维膜)用于水溶液中染料的去除。PS/PBPM纳米纤维膜的结构和表面形貌通过红外光谱和扫描电镜进行了表征。结果表明,改性后的纤维表面变得粗糙,比表面积相应增大;吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型;该吸附剂对孔雀石绿具有很好的选择性,最大吸附容量能达到466.02mg/g;PS/PBPM纳米纤维膜的吸附性能在酸性条件下可恢复,具有良好的重复使用性能。     

（英）二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料对水溶液中钯离子的吸附性能研究

本文合成了一种新型二氧化钛/石墨烯(TiO2-Gr)复合材料吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中Pd(II)的吸附作用,并与TiO2的吸附性能进行了比较。制得的TiO2-Gr吸附剂分别进行了透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,考察了吸附过程中时间、溶液p H、吸附剂用量、离子强度、Pd(II)浓度和温度等参数对吸附量的影响。研究了吸附过程中动力学、热力学及吸附等温线。结果表明吸附过程符合假二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程。对热力学函数(吉布斯函数变、焓变、熵变)测定表明,本文合成的TiO2-Gr吸附剂对Pd(II)的吸附属于自发吸热反应。     

二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料对水溶液中钯离子的吸附性能研究(英文)

本文合成了一种新型二氧化钛/石墨烯(TiO2-Gr)复合材料吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中Pd(II)的吸附作用,并与TiO2的吸附性能进行了比较。制得的TiO2-Gr吸附剂分别进行了透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,考察了吸附过程中时间、溶液p H、吸附剂用量、离子强度、Pd(II)浓度和温度等参数对吸附量的影响。研究了吸附过程中动力学、热力学及吸附等温线。结果表明吸附过程符合假二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程。对热力学函数(吉布斯函数变、焓变、熵变)测定表明,本文合成的TiO2-Gr吸附剂对Pd(II)的吸附属于自发吸热反应。     

乙二胺改性木屑对As(V)的吸附研究

以乙二胺对木屑进行改性作为重金属离子的吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中砷离子[As(Ⅴ)]的吸附行为。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)对改性木屑进行了表征。研究表明,乙二胺改性木屑对As(Ⅴ)的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,在p H值为6.5、温度为298.15K、投加量为2g/L、As(Ⅴ)溶液初始浓度为500mg/L时,改性木屑对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量为148.76mg/g。动态吸附实验表明,乙二胺改性木屑对As(Ⅴ)的吸附动力学可以用准二级动力学方程描述,说明它的吸附机理是一个物理与化学吸附相结合的过程。     

复合改性膨胀石墨的制备及对酸性艳蓝染料的吸附

采用相同反离子协同磷酸活化法, 以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)-KBr为复合改性剂, 制备了一种高效吸附剂复合改性膨胀石墨(M-EG), 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线电子能谱(XPS)等对膨胀石墨(EG)和改性膨胀石墨(M-EG)的形貌结构、 组成和价态进行了表征, 考察了EG和M-EG对酸性艳蓝染料废水的处理效果. 结果表明, 复合改性后的膨胀石墨孔隙度变大, 表面含氮和溴官能团增多. 吸附剂M-EG对酸性艳蓝染料废水具有较高的吸附性能, 在pH=1.0及30 ℃条件下对染料的去除率达到94.13%; EG符合二级动力学吸附模型, 用Langmuir等温线方程拟合效果较好; M-EG符合二级吸附动力学方程, 同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型; M-EG的吸附动力学常数大于EG吸附动力学常数.     

功能化介孔硅分子筛吸附剂除磷性能的研究

分别在甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性介孔分子筛MCM41上锚定Al和Fe离子,成功制备了功能化的介孔硅分子筛有机/无机杂化吸附剂Al-NN-MCM41和Fe-NN-MCM41。详细考察了磷溶液初始浓度、吸附时间,溶液pH值和共存离子等对吸附剂磷吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明:Langmiur等温方程比Freundlich等温方程能更好地描述磷酸根离子在两种吸附剂上的吸附,两种吸附剂的吸附动力学过程更适合动力学准二级方程(r20.99)。磷溶液的pH值对吸附剂的磷吸附容量有显著影响。此外,同时添加NO33-、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-四种共存离子对吸附剂磷吸附效率没有显著影响。     

改性蔗髓重金属吸附剂去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学研究

对甘蔗渣预处理后以Na OH和二硫化碳改性转型合成重金属吸附剂。实验结果表明,改性后蔗髓纤维(MSCB)投加量为4 g/L,对50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量为9.8 mg/g,平衡时间为30~60 min,去除率达98.05%,出水浓度0.78 mg/L,比改性前蔗髓纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率(23.7%)提高了74.35%。MSCB对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附进行Langmuir与Freundlich等温吸附方程拟合,更符合Langmuir单分子化学吸附;对吸附动力学拟合模型分析,吸附过程更符合准二级速率方程;吸附热力学模型显示该吸附为自发进行的吸热反应且是熵增过程。     

氧化锆改性高岭土对F~-的吸附研究

合成了氧化锆负载改性的高岭土吸附剂,并研究了其对水中F~-的吸附行为。通过XRD和FT-IR对改性前后的高岭土进行表征,结果表明,负载的氧化锆不影响高岭土晶型和骨架结构。吸附实验结果表明,氧化锆改性后的高岭土对F~-有很高的去除效率,其吸附机理包括离子交换和静电作用力,吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温吸附模式,吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学模型拟合。吸附量随着溶液pH值的升高而降低,共存阴离子能抑制F~-在氧化锆负载的高岭土上的吸附。     

一种球形木质素吸附剂对L-天门冬氨酸的吸附行为研究

以硫酸盐木质素为原料,利用反相悬浮技术制备出球形木质素吸附剂.通过静态吸附试验,研究了球形木质素吸附剂对L-天门冬氨酸的吸附动力学和热力学特性,探讨了pH对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,当溶液pH值为3.0时,SLA的平衡吸附容量为518.0mg/g,球形木质素吸附剂对L-天门冬氨酸的吸附速率同时受液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散过程控制.吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程.且焓△H-16.81kJ/mol,表明该吸附反应是以吸热的化学吸附过程为主,活化能Ea=3.3406kJ/mol,说明球形木质素吸附剂的吸附过程是以颗粒内扩散为主.     

超细Pd—B／SiO2非晶态合金加氢反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法并通过ＫＢＨ４还原制备超细Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金催化剂,以硝基苯加氢生成苯胺为目标反应,考察了上述催化剂的活性和选择性及热稳定性,并与晶态Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２和Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂及非负载型Ｐｄ－Ｂ非晶态合金催化剂进行了比较。     

不同硅铝比ZSM-5的合成及其吸附脱除柴油中苯胺和吡啶的性能

合成了一系列不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、FT-IR、ICP、SEM、NH_3-TPD和N_2吸附-脱附等方法对其进行了表征,研究了不同硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛对模拟柴油中苯胺和吡啶的吸附脱除性能。结果表明,所合成的ZSM-5分子筛均具有典型MFI结构;与合成原料混合物中的硅铝比相比,实际硅铝比稍有降低。ZSM-5分子筛的酸量随硅铝比的增加而降低,硅铝比较小的ZSM-5(1)和ZSM-5(2)的吸附脱除苯胺或吡啶的效果明显优于其他样品,并且所有样品吸附脱除吡啶的效果均优于苯胺。ZSM-5(2)上苯胺和吡啶的吸附等温线符合Langmuir-Freundlich混合模型。     

变色硅胶吸附脱除模拟柴油中各种碱性氮化物

研究了变色硅胶吸附脱除氮含量为960.56μg/g模拟柴油中的碱性氮化物喹啉、苯胺和吡啶。比较了氧化铝、硅藻土、硅胶及变色硅胶对模拟柴油中喹啉的吸附脱除效果。采用XRD、低温N_2吸附-脱附和NH_3-TPD等方法对硅胶和变色硅胶进行了表征。考察了粒径、吸附温度、吸附时间、剂油质量比及共存芳香化合物(萘、苯或甲苯)对变色硅胶吸附脱除各种碱性氮化物的影响。变色硅胶吸附脱除碱性氮化物的顺序均为苯胺吡啶喹啉。吸附时间对三种氮化物的吸附脱除没有影响;吸附温度、变色硅胶粒径和共存芳香化合物对苯胺和吡啶的吸附脱除效果影响不大,对喹啉的吸附脱除效果影响较为明显;剂油质量比对三种氮化物的吸附脱除影响均较大,尤其是对喹啉影响最大。结果表明,变色硅胶吸附各种氮化物时Co能够与其中的N原子形成配位络合吸附。经焙烧再生,变色硅胶几乎完全恢复了对喹啉和吡啶的吸附脱除能力,并可多次再生,但变色硅胶再生后对苯胺的吸附能力损失较大。     

二氧化硅@聚合物同轴纳米纤维

The preparation and formation mechamsm ot silica/polyvinylpyrrolidone(PAN) coaxial nanofibers were presented in this paper. The PVP-PAN composite nanofibers were obtained via an electrospinning technique, while SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared according to a Stoeher method. The measurements of water contact angle(WCA), the compared results of silica coating PVPPAN composite nanofibers with PAN nanofibers indicate that much PVP resided on the composite nanofiber surface, which resuks in the occurrence of SiO2@polymer coaxial nanofibers due to the formation of hydrogen bonding between silica and composite nanofibers and subsequent adsorption of silica on the fiber surface.     

乙二胺硅胶复合材料对Zn2+的吸附特性

以γ-氯丙基三氯硅烷为偶联剂,将乙二胺偶合接枝在硅胶表面,合成对锌离子具有吸附作用的乙二胺硅胶复合材料（EDA/SiO2）,考察了Zn2+溶液pH值、初始浓度、吸附温度和吸附时间等因素对复合材料吸附性能的影响。 结果表明,在研究的溶液浓度及温度范围内,Zn2+溶液pH值对EDA/SiO2的吸附量影响显著,吸附的最佳pH值范围在3.0~5.5;Zn2+的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir吸附模型,热力学数据显示,EDA/SiO2对Zn2+的吸附行为为一吸热且自发进行的过程,升高温度有利于吸附,并对此吸附行为作了解释;吸附动力学数据可用拟二级吸附动力学方程描述,得到的吸附速率常数与溶液初始浓度有关。     

Adsorption property of congo red from aqueous solution by Cu-BTC/SiO 2 composite

The adsorption behavior of congo red from aqueous solution on Cu-BTC/SiO2 was investigated. Cu-BTC/SiO2 with mesoporous structure and large surface area was prepared by loading Cu-BTC into the mesoporous silica using in-situ synthesis method. The X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the prepared materials. The adsorption studies showed that the adsorption isotherm of congo red on Cu-BTC/SiO2 fitted well with Freundlich adsorption model and congo red is easy to be adsorbed by Cu-BTC/SiO2. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption behavior of congo red on Cu-BTC/SiO2 is an exothermic process at temperature under investigation.     

亚氨二乙酸型复合材料IDAA-PGMA/SiO2对重金属及稀土离子的吸附行为与吸附热力学

将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝于硅胶微粒表面,制得了接枝微粒PGMA/SiO₂; 使亚氨二乙酸(IDAA)与接枝PGMA的环氧基团发生开环反应, 从而将亚氨二乙酸基团引入接枝微粒表面, 制得了复合螯合微粒材料IDAA-PGMA/SiO₂. 本文研究了IDAA-PGMA/SiO₂对重金属及稀土离子的螯合吸附行为, 深入地研究了吸附机理与吸附热力学. 研究结果表明: 凭借亚氨二乙酸基团与重金属离子之间的静电作用与配位螯合作用的协同, 复合微粒材料IDAA-PGMA/SiO₂对重金属离子可产生强的螯合吸附作用, 尤其对Pb²⁺离子表现出很强的螯合吸附能力, 常温下吸附容量可达0.235 g·g^-1; IDAA-PGMA/SiO₂对重金属离子的吸附过程为一放热过程, 且为焓驱动的过程, 升高温度, 吸附容量降低; 对稀土离子的吸附过程则为熵驱动的过程; 在可抑制金属离子水解的pH范围内, 介质的pH值越高, IDAA-PGMA/SiO₂的螯合吸附能力越强; IDAA-PGMA/SiO₂对重金属离子的吸附容量远高于对稀土离子的吸附容量.     

Successive interaction of pairs of soluble organics with nanosilica in aqueous media

Successive interaction of different pairs of water-soluble polymers (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)), proteins (bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin, gelatin, and ossein), and smaller organics such as lecithin (1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, SOPC) and Aethonium (1,2-ethylene-bis(N-dimethyl carbodecyl oxymethyl) ammonium dichloride) with nanosilicas A-300 (S(BET)=232 and 297 m(2) g(-1)) and A-50 (S(BET)=52 m(2)g(-1)) was studied using dynamic light scattering, adsorption, and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. Time-dependent rearrangement of particle size distributions (PSDs) depicts appearance of both smaller and larger aggregates for silica/PEG(I-first adsorbate)/BSA(II-second adsorbate) and silica/PVP(I)/BSA(II) (i.e., BSA adsorbs onto PEG/silica or PVP/silica) than that for silica/organic compound I. However, in the cases of PVA(I)-BSA(II) and PVA(I)-SOPC(II) a similar effect is not observed because only increased aggregation occurs. The successive equilibrium adsorption of similar pairs shows a diminution of the adsorption of the second compound (gelatin, ovalbumin) with increasing amount of the first adsorbed polymer (PEG or PVP).     

Am(III) adsorption on oxides of aluminium and silicon: effects of humic substances,pH, and ionic strength

The adsorption of Am(III) (total concentration 10(-9) mol/l) on alumina, silica, and hematite was studied by a batch technique. The effects of pH, ionic strength, and humic substances on the adsorption of Am(III) on alumina and silica were investigated, and the adsorption isotherms of Am(III) on alumina and silica at different pH values were determined. It was found that compared with the adsorption of Am(III) on alumina, the adsorbability of silica on the basis of mass is less, the relative adsorption rate on silica is slower, the sensitivity of adsorption on silica to ionic strength is less, the dependence of adsorption on silica on pH is gentler, and consequently that the adsorption characteristics of Am(III) on alumina and silica are distinctly different. The negative effect of fulvic acid on the adsorption on silica and the positive effect of humic acid on the adsorption on alumina were found. In contrast to the Am(III) adsorption on alumina and silica, a tremendously high adsorbability of Am(III) on hematite was found. The sequence of adsorbabilities of Am(III) on the basis of mass is Fe2O3 > Al2O3 > SiO2.     

Isolation and pre-concentration of basic proteins in aqueous mixture via solid-phase extraction with multi-walled carbon nanotubes assembled on a silica surface

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were assembled on a silica surface using a polyelectrolyte-assisted layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique. The surface-assembled silica spheres with MWNTs (MWNTs/SiO(2)), which serve as a novel solid-phase extraction sorbent for separation/pre-concentration of basic proteins, was investigated. The adsorption behavior of cytochrome c (cyto-c) by MWNTs/SiO(2) spheres agrees well with the Langmuir adsorption model. A thorough scrutiny of the experimental parameters affecting the adsorption of cyto-c from aqueous solution onto the MWNTs/SiO(2) spheres and its subsequent desorption was carried out. A maximum adsorption capacity of cyto-c was derived as 112 mg (cyto-c) g(-1) (MWNTs). A distinct feature of the MWNTs/SiO(2)-packed micro-column provides clear advantages of minimized flow impedance when operated in a flow system, in addition to better separation efficiency as well as the favorable enrichment capability of proteins, characterized by an enrichment factor of 30 by using 2.0 mL of aqueous solution. The practical applicability of the MWNTs/SiO(2) spheres as a sorbent for the isolation of basic proteins from acidic protein species was demonstrated by effective separation of cyto-c from bovine serum albumin (BSA).