毛细管气相色谱法测定霉酚酸酯原料药中有机溶剂残留量

建立毛细管气相色谱法测定霉酚酸酯原材料药中5种有机溶剂残留量。采用DB–WAX弹性石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm,0.5μm),氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),两次程序升温测定,5种有机溶剂能完全分离(R2.0)。乙酸乙酯、乙基苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯的线性范围分别为5.120~512.0,2.010~201.0,2.110~211.0,2.000~200.0,2.080~208.0μg/mL(r0.999),检出限分别为1.710,0.960,1.000,0.95,0.990μg/mL,平均加标回收率为96.0%~103.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.76%~0.99%(n=9)。该方法准确,灵敏度高,可用于霉酚酸酯原料药中有机溶剂残留检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定染整助剂中19种有害有机溶剂

建立了同时测定染整助剂中19种有害有机溶剂残留量的气相色谱-质谱方法。以甲醇为萃取溶剂,样品经常温超声萃取后,萃取液直接进气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行定性定量分析。19种有机溶剂在0.5~50.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数不小于0.999,检出限为0.03~0.10 mg/kg,加标回收率为94.3%~101.3%,相对标准偏差均小于8.7%(n=10),符合残留分析的技术指标要求。该方法准确、稳定,可测定染整助剂中有害有机溶剂的残留量。     

顶空气相色谱法测定氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中有机溶剂残留量

建立了氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中乙酸乙酯、甲醇、异丙醇、乙醇和乙腈有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱分析方法。以HP-FFAP色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×1.0 μm)为分离柱,火焰离子化检测器检测,外标法定量,并考察了顶空平衡温度、平衡时间等对残留有机溶剂测定的影响。实验结果表明,在顶空平衡温度为90 ℃、平衡时间为30 min条件下获得较好的定量结果。乙酸乙酯、甲醇、异丙醇、乙醇和乙腈的线性范围分别为0.40～7.93 mg/L (r=0.9998)、7.32～146.48 mg/L (r=0.9996)、4.53～90.61 mg/L (r=0.9999)、3.62～72.32 mg/L (r=0.9998)和2.31～46.24 mg/L (r=0.9996);平均回收率范围为95.96%～100.31%,精密度(以相对标准偏差计,n=6)为1.97%～3.28%;检出限分别为0.08、0.9、0.2、0.4和0.3 mg/L。利用该方法对实际样品氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中有机溶剂残留量进行了检测。结果表明,该样品中含有异丙醇和乙醇,其含量分别为177.44 μg/g与69.32 μg/g。本方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中残留溶剂的检测。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定伊拉地平中有机溶剂的残留量

建立测定伊拉地平中有机溶刺乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、吡啶残留量的顶空毛细管柱气相色谱法.方法具有良好的线性,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%(n=5),回收率为98.7%～99.8%.乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、吡啶的检出限分别为2.5、6、1、10 μg/mL.经方法学验证,该方法灵敏度、准确度均达到有机溶剂测定的要求,可用于伊拉地平原料药中有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

毛细管色谱法测定芳香异羟肟酸二丁基锡中有机溶剂残留量

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定芳香异羟肟酸二丁基锡中的有机溶剂残留量.采用HP-5 (5%苯基甲基聚硅氧烷)毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器.载气为N2,柱温为45 ℃,检测器温度为160 ℃,流速为1.2 mL/min,分流比为20∶1,四氢呋喃为内标进行测定.结果表明: 甲醇、无水乙醇、三氯甲烷、正己烷、苯的线性范围分别为: 7.9～63.2 μg/mL (r=0.9991),8.69～69.52 μg/mL (r=0.9999),19.77～158.16 μg/mL (r=0.9990),295.6～2364.8 μg/mL (r=0.9996),8.74～69.92 μg/mL (r=0.9996),平均回收率分别为104.2%、 98.8%、 97.9%、 103.1%和102.0%,RSD分别为1.6%、 2.3%、 2.1%、 3.8%和1.9% (n=9);检出限分别为3.16、 3.47、 23.90、 1.97和0.87 ng.方法可用于有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

微池热萃取-二次热解析-气相色谱法测定乳粉中有机溶剂的残留量

提出了微池热萃取-二次热解析-气相色谱法测定乳粉中12种有机溶剂残留量的方法。选择平衡温度和吹扫时间分别为80℃和30min,用DB-624弹性石英毛细管柱(60m×0.32mm,1.8μm)分离,火焰离子化检测器检测。12种有机溶剂的质量分数均在0.01～0.5mg.kg-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.003 7～0.011mg.kg-1之间。加标回收率在91.5%～110%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.27%～3.01%之间。     

气相色谱法同时测定动物饲料中安定和三唑仑残留量

提出了气相色谱法同时测定动物饲料中安定和三唑仑的残留量的方法。饲料经过有机溶剂提取,采用SE-54毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.32μm)分离,电子捕获检测器检测,外标法定量。安定和三唑仑的质量浓度均在0.3～60 mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(2SN)分别为0.007 1,0.021 3 mg·L~(-1)。方法的平均回收率分别为79.5%～93.1%,81.6%～91.8%,相对标准偏差(n=8)分别为2.11%～4.02%,2.09%～4.61%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量的方法。样品用乙腈提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-水(70:30,V/V)为流动相,经C18液相色谱柱分离,DAD紫外检测器(218 nm)检测。结果表明:异菌脲在0.1~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9998),方法定量限(以S/N=10计)为0.05 mg/kg,在0.05,0.1,0.5 mg/kg添加水平下的加标回收率范围为81.3%~98.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9%~8.9%。方法适用于大多数水果、蔬菜中异菌脲残留量的测定。     

吹扫捕集气相色谱法分析土壤中熏蒸剂氰与氰化氢残留量

采用吹扫捕集气相色谱法建立了土壤中熏蒸剂氰和氰化氢的分析方法,对土壤中氰和氰化氢预处理的吹扫温度、吹扫时间和吹扫载气(N2)流速进行了优化。最佳吹扫参数为:以10%H2SO4溶液作溶剂、吹扫温度80℃、吹扫时间60 min和吹扫载气(N2)流速40 mL.min-1。氰和氰化氢在0.2～10 mg.L-1质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)分别为0.999 1和0.998 3。在优化条件下,土壤中氰和氰化氢的平均回收率分别为95%和96%,相对标准偏差分别为3.6%和5.2%,检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.012、0.021 mg.kg-1,定量下限(S/N=10)分别为0.040、0.070 mg.kg-1。用100 mg.kg-1氰熏蒸土壤48 h,氰及其降解产物氰化氢在土壤中的残留量分别为0.32 mg.kg-1和5.68 mg.kg-1。该方法简便快速,精密度与准确度均符合要求,适用于土壤中氰和氰化氢残留量的检测。     

微波辅助萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定皮革及其制品中12种乙二醇醚类有机溶剂残留量

以甲醇为溶剂,85℃下微波萃取皮革及其制品中的乙二醇醚类有机溶剂,萃取物经固相萃取柱净化后进行气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测法测定,外标法定量,从而建立了同时测定皮革及其制品中12种乙二醇醚类有机溶剂残留量的气相色谱-质谱联用方法。该方法的加标回收率为81.1%~95.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为1.4%~9.6%。在信噪比(S/N)为10的条件下,各组分的定量下限(LOQ)为0.05~0.20mg/kg。该方法操作简单、方便快速、灵敏度高,可满足皮革及其制品中乙二醇醚类有机溶剂残留量检测的技术要求,并为制定相关检测标准提供了参考。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.