在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定人尿液中7种多环芳烃代谢物

采用双三元液相色谱系统结合荧光检测器,建立了在线固相萃取-液相色谱法同时测定人尿液中7种多环芳烃代谢物的方法。目标化合物首先在Turboflow Cyclone固相萃取柱上在线富集浓缩,然后通过六通阀转移至Hypersil Green PAH色谱柱,以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,荧光检测器检测,分离周期为20 min。在优化的色谱条件下,5~2000 ng/L或50~20000 ng/L范围内,7种多环芳烃代谢物均呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.999),方法检出限为0.5~15 ng/L,加标回收率为80.7％~110.7％。应用本方法对吸烟和非吸烟人群尿液中7种多环芳烃代谢物的含量进行了测定,吸烟者尿液中的2-羟基萘、1-羟基萘、2-羟基菲、2-羟基芴、4-羟基菲、6-羟基显著高于非吸烟者。     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中多环芳烃及卤代多环芳烃

建立了同时检测蔬菜中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)和11种卤代多环芳烃(X-PAHs)污染水平的分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品中的多环芳烃和卤代多环芳烃经正己烷提取,N-丙基乙二胺吸附剂(PSA)和十八烷基键合硅胶吸附剂(C18)分散固相萃取净化剂净化,气相色谱-串联质谱方法测定,外标法定量。16种PAHs和11种X-PAHs在50,100和200μg/kg添加浓度下的回收率为74.7%～115.1%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～15.3%,方法检出限为0.03～7.4μg/kg。     

冷冻脱脂-分散固相萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱法检测食用植物油中4种多环芳烃

针对食用植物油中欧盟限量4种多环芳烃,建立了冷冻脱脂-分散固相萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。以苯并(a)芘-d12(BAP-d12)、屈-d12(CHR-d12)为内标,样品经乙腈-水涡旋提取,冷冻脱脂结合分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。结果显示,4种多环芳烃质量浓度在1～50μg/L范围内线性良好,r>0.999,加标回收率为80.8%～103.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.4%～13%,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.10～0.15μg/kg和0.33～0.51μg/kg。该方法能够满足食用植物油中欧盟限量4种多环芳烃的检测。     

液液萃取-高分辨气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦磁质谱法测定尿中羟基多环芳烃代谢物

建立了灵敏、准确的液液萃取-高分辨气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦磁质谱（LLC-HRGC-HRMS）同时测定人体尿样中8种多环芳烃（PAHs）代谢物的方法。将2 mL尿液与氘或¹³C标记的同位素内标物进行混合,在抗坏血酸的存在下酶解偶联目标物,再将游离化合物用甲苯-戊烷（1：4,v/v）萃取后浓缩至近干,再用甲苯复溶,衍生后经HRGC-HRMS分离和测定。1-羟基萘在0.14~41.6 μg/L、1-羟基菲在0.05~8.33 μg/L、2-羟基菲在0.04~8.33 μg/L、其他5种代谢产物在0.02~8.33 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数＞0.99,方法的检出限为0.006~0.042 μg/L,平均回收率为81.4%~127.0%,日内和日间精密度分别为2.7%~6.9%和5.1%~10.9%（n=6）。应用该方法测定330份人群尿液样本,3-羟基䓛和6-羟基䓛未检出,其他6种PAHs代谢物检出率为100%。该方法灵敏、准确、稳定,适用于人尿中8种PAHs代谢物的定量分析。     

固相支撑液液萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中7种多环芳烃代谢物

建立了固相支撑液液萃取法(SLE)结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定尿液中1-羟基萘、2-羟基萘、2-羟基芴、9-羟基芴、2-羟基菲、9-羟基菲和1-羟基芘7种羟基多环芳烃(OH-PAHs)的方法。实验将0.8 mL尿液酶解液经SLE萃取,考察了洗脱溶剂种类及体积的影响,并对氮吹浓缩压力进行了优化。尿液样品使用6 mL乙酸乙酯洗脱,洗脱液在48 kPa(25℃)压力下氮吹至干后,经UPLC-MS/MS对7种OH-PAHs进行分析,采用同位素内标法定量。方法在0.3～3 000 mg·L~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.995 1),检出限和定量下限分别为0.05～1.0 mg·L~(-1)和0.15～3.0 mg·L~(-1)。加标3个浓度水平的回收率为70.8%～117%,日内(n=3)和日间(n=3)相对标准偏差分别为3.7%～9.6%和3.7%～11%。采用本方法对10例石油工人和10例对照人群(在校大学生)尿液中的OH-PAHs水平进行分析,除2-羟基菲和9-羟基菲外,其余5种OH-PAHs在石油工人尿液中的含量均高于对照人群(p0.05),差异具有统计学意义。该方法经上样和洗脱两步完成样品前处理,简单高效,可用于尿液样品中OH-PAHs的分析。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中多环芳烃、六六六和滴滴涕

建立快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中多环芳烃、六六六和滴滴涕。优化了提取溶剂和洗脱溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取法处理土壤样品,萃取溶剂为二氯甲烷-正己烷(1∶1)。提取液用氮吹仪浓缩、硅酸镁固相萃取小柱净化,用二氯甲烷-正己烷(3∶7)混合溶剂对固相萃取小柱进行活化和洗脱,流出液净化后氮吹浓缩至1 mL,利用气相色谱-质谱内标法进行分析定量。16种多环芳烃、8种有机氯农药及3种替代物在5.0～500μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.000 55～0.000 77 mg/kg,加标回收率为68.2%～112.7%,相对标准偏差为4.3%～10.1%(n=5)。该方法可用于同时测定土壤中多环芳烃、六六六、滴滴涕的含量。     

分散固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中的8种青霉素残留

建立了同时测定水产品中8种青霉素(阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素C、青霉素V、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、萘夫西林、双氯西林)残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.以青霉素G-D7为内标,样品经80％乙腈水溶液提取,c18吸附剂分散固相萃取净化,超滤管过滤后进行分析.采用HyPURITY C18色谱柱,以乙腈(含0.1％甲酸)-0.1...     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱快速测定牛奶中19种β-内酰胺类药物及其代谢物

建立了同时测定牛奶中19种β-内酰胺类药物及其代谢物的高通量液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)确证方法。以乙腈为提取溶剂,正己烷除脂后,采用C18填料分散固相萃取净化,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下监测,19种化合物在6min内实现分离。方法的检测限为0.2～1μg/kg;方法的定量限为1～5μg/kg;在3个添加浓度水平时平均回收率为66%～107%,相对标准偏差为5.6%～15%。该方法可用于测定牛奶中19种β-内酰胺类药物及其代谢物。     

硅胶固相萃取净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定海洋生物体中六溴环十二烷

建立了海洋生物体中六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)的硅胶固相萃取净化/液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品采用正己烷提取,经硅胶固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱分析。根据硅胶固相萃取柱的使用特性,对洗脱条件进行优化。在ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱上进行分离,流动相为水和甲醇乙腈(V甲醇∶V乙腈=4∶6)混合溶液,梯度洗脱。质谱采用电喷雾负离子电离,多反应监测模式,内标法定量。六溴环十二烷在0.50~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.995,定量下限为0.20μg/kg,回收率为85.6%~97.3%,相对标准偏差为3.9%~8.8%。该方法基质干扰小、重复性好,适用于海洋生物中六溴环十二烷的测定。     

羟基多环芳烃的电喷雾电离离子阱串联质谱检测

采用电喷雾电离离子阱串联质谱检测了1-/2-羟基萘、 2-羟基芴、 2-/3-/4-/9-羟基菲、 6-羟基屈和3-羟基苯并[a]芘等9种不同环数的羟基多环芳烃(OH-PAHs, 2~5环), 考察了碰撞诱导解离操作参数活化值Q和相对碰撞能量对羟基多环芳烃各单体碎片离子产率的影响. 通过优化活化值Q和相对碰撞能量, 得到了3-羟基苯并[a]芘的碎片离子, 提高了1-羟基萘、 2-羟基芴、 3-/9-羟基菲和6-羟基屈碎片离子的产率, 并发现活化值Q是电喷雾电离离子阱串联质谱检测不同环数PAHs的关键参数.     

基于整体柱的固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定尿液中4种羟基多环芳烃

建立了基于聚合物整体柱的固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定尿液中4种羟基多环芳烃（OH-PAHs）的分析方法。在注射器管中合成聚（甲基丙烯酸丁酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯）整体柱（poly （BMA-co-EDMA））,并将其用于尿液中4种羟基多环芳烃的前处理,同时考察了上样浓度、淋洗液、洗脱液和洗脱体积对萃取效率的影响。结合高效液相色谱-荧光分析,4种羟基多环芳烃在各自的范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.9991）;方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.06~0.09 ng/mL和0.20~0.30 ng/mL;日内（n=5）和日间（n=3）精密度分别为1.4%~5.3%和2.6%~7.3%。对焦炉工人尿液样品进行加标（3 ng/mL）回收试验,回收率为78.2%~117.0%。该固相萃取柱能够有效萃取和净化尿液中4种羟基多环芳烃,并且可以重复使用。该法简单、准确,可应用于尿液中羟基多环芳烃的分析。     

Development of a highly efficient in-tube solid-phase microextraction system coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for analyzing trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological samples

Hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered active mutagenic and carcinogenic substances and are found in extremely low levels (ng/g) in biological samples. As a result, their determination in urine and blood samples is challenging, and a sensitive and effective method for the analysis of trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex biological matrices is required. In this work, a novel macroporous in-tube solid-phase microextraction monolith was prepared via a thiol-yne click reaction, and a highly efficient analytical method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to determine hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with low detection limits of 0.137–11.0 ng/L in complex biological samples. Four hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely, 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 6-hydroxychrysene, were determined in the urine samples of smokers, non-smokers, and whole blood samples of mice. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved in the range of 83.1–113% with relative standard deviations of 3.2–9.7%. It was found that implementation of the macroporous monolith gave a highly efficient approach for enriching trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological samples.     

基于氮化碳复合材料磁性固相萃取结合高效液相色谱法测定尿液中3种羟基多环芳烃

建立了测定尿液中3种羟基多环芳烃的氮化碳复合材料磁性固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-荧光检测法。所构筑的磁性氮化碳材料，经扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计和比表面积分析仪表征后，用于尿液中3种羟基多环芳烃的富集净化。考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、洗脱溶液和洗脱体积（单次洗脱体积×洗脱次数）对萃取效率的影响。结合高效液相色谱-荧光分析，在0.25~250 μg/L范围内线性关系良好（相关系数r=0.999），3种羟基多环芳烃的检出限和定量限分别为0.08和0.25 μg/L，回收率为90.1%~102%，日内和日间精密度分别为1.5%~7.7%和2.2%~8.7%。该本方法简单、快速、高效，可用于尿液中羟基多环芳烃的分析。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时检测人尿中12种单羟基多环芳烃代谢物

建立了高效、准确的同时测定人体尿样中多种多环芳烃代谢物的方法。取10.0 mL尿液,酶解,经固相萃取净化浓缩、0.2 μm滤膜过滤后,以Acquity UPLC^®HSS T3（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）为分析柱,甲醇和水为流动相,采用负离子电喷雾多反应监测模式检测样品中多环芳烃代谢物的含量。12种多环芳烃代谢物在0.04~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数>0.99,方法检出限为0.01~0.41 μg/L,平均回收率为80.0%~105%,批内RSD为1.21%~9.12%,批间RSD为4.43%~19.7%。应用该方法对淮河流域某区域的100份人体尿样进行了检测,多环芳烃代谢物的检出率为98%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,选择性好,可同时检测尿中12种羟基多环芳烃代谢物。     

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of phenolic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAH) in urine of non-smokers and smokers

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are products of the incomplete combustion of organic materials and, therefore, occur ubiquitously in the environment and also in tobacco smoke. Since some PAH have been classified as carcinogens, it is important to have access to suitable analytical methods for biomarkers of exposure to this class of compounds. Past experience has shown that measuring a profile of PAH metabolites is more informative than metabolites of a single PAH. Assessment of environmental and smoking-related exposure levels requires analytical methods with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, these methods should be fast enough to allow high throughput. With these pre-conditions in mind, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of phenolic metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene in urine of smokers and non-smokers. Sample work-up comprised enzymatic hydrolysis of urinary conjugates and solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges. The method showed good specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for the intended purpose and was also sufficiently rapid with a sample throughput of about 350 per week. Application to urine samples of 100 smokers and 50 non-smokers showed significant differences between both groups for all measured PAH metabolites, and strong correlations with markers of daily smoke exposure in smoker urine. Urinary levels were in good agreement with previously reported data using different methodologies. In conclusion, the developed LC-MS/MS method is suitable for the quantification of phenolic PAH metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in smoker and non-smoker urine.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定卷烟滤嘴中15种多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱同时检测卷烟滤嘴中15种多环芳烃的方法。卷烟滤嘴用二氯甲烷振荡萃取后,经0.22μm有机相滤膜过滤,采用DB-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)进行分离,电子轰击源、正离子模式下以多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法进行定量。15种多环芳烃(苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝和茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘)的线性关系良好,相关系数(R~2)为0.991 4~0.999 9。15种多环芳烃在低、中、高3个添加水平下的平均回收率为81.6%~111.2%;除了芴在低添加水平时相对标准偏差为19.2%外,其他相对标准偏差均小于16%。15种多环芳烃的检出限为0.02~0.24 ng/滤嘴,定量限为0.04~0.80 ng/滤嘴。方法前处理简便,具有快速、准确、灵敏度高及重复性好的优点,适用于卷烟滤嘴中多环芳烃的分析。     

Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 52 monohydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hairs of rats after controlled exposure

A method based on gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide was developed for the analysis of monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) in hair. The method focused on 52 target compounds corresponding to two- to six-ring monohydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The limits of quantification ranged from 0.2 to 50 pg mg^?1. The method was then applied to the analysis of hair samples collected from rats exposed to 12 PAHs at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg kg^?1, by intraperitoneal injection, for 28 days. The results of this study confirm that these metabolites can be incorporated in hair after intraperitoneal administration of the corresponding parent compound. Only 20 of the 52 metabolites were actually detected in hair samples and corresponded to nine parent PAHs. The mean concentrations of OH-PAHs in rat hair samples exposed to PAHs at 1 mg kg^?1 ranged from 0.6?±?0.2 pg mg^?1 for 8-hydroxybenzo[b]fluoranthene to 6.7?±?1.0 pg mg^?1 for 1-hydroxypyrene. The results also demonstrated that hair pigmentation has no influence on the concentration of most OH-PAHs. This animal experiment confirmed the incorporation of PAH metabolites in hair and demonstrated that the method was sufficiently sensitive to detect low levels of exposure to PAHs. These results confirmed the usefulness of hair analysis in the biomonitoring of human exposure to PAHs.