常用有色金属—铝、镁、铜、铅、锌、锡中气体分析概况

本文评述了铝、镁、铜、铅、锌、锡等常用有色金属中气体分析发展概况。针对这些金属熔点低、易挥发等特点,介绍了还原提取法、电化学法、活化法和表面分析法等各种气体分析方法的适用性和国内外应用情况。认为采用石墨盒或金属包套的惰气熔化法是目前分析易挥发金属中氢、氧的普遍方法。浓差电池法已广泛地用于测定液态金属中氧。采用活化法测定微量气体及表面气体已越来越多。     

氮中低含量一氧化碳气体标准物质的定值方法

介绍氮中低含量CO气体标准物质定值的方法，对气体滤光相关分析法进行了探讨，给出了该方法的实验务件和精密度。将气体滤光相关分析法的测量值与重量法配制值、气相色谱法分析值进行了比对。气体滤光相关分析法重现性好，分析结果准确、可靠，     

加湿气体标准物质水含量分析

利用称量法、饱和蒸气压法、流量法3种不同原理的方法分析加湿气体标准物质中加湿量(水分的变化量),测定结果分别为4.66,4.68,4.70 g。依据3种方法的测量模型计算得到3个湿度量值的标准不确定度分别为0.016,0.025,0.666 g。为加湿后气体湿度值的量值溯源提供了3种可靠的方法,为加湿气体标准物质的制备和水含量溯源提供了新思路。     

电力变压器油中溶解气体分析用标准物质的研制

采用称量法制备了电力变压器油中溶解气体分析用气体标准物质,分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的标准物质进行了均匀性和稳定性检验。结果表明,研制的电力变压器油中溶解气体分析用标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,标准物质定值结果为5 000μmol/mol,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为1%(k=2)。该标准物质可用于电力部门变压器油中溶解气体的分析及测试。     

氮中多元标准混合气体的制备

研究用重量法制备氮中多元标准混合气体，对其制备原理、制备装置、气体称量装置，制备过程以及组分气体纯度的分析方法进行了介绍。分析了重量法制备氮中多元标准混合气体定值不确定度的来源，其定值的扩展不确定度小于3％。     

重量法配气的称量数学模型及其不确定度评定

对重量法制备气体标准物质中充入气体质量的计算方法进行了研究,建立了基于单盘电子天平的钢瓶称量方法,并建立了系统的数学模型和不确定度评价方法。为重量法制备气体标准物质提供一种简单、实用和精确的钢瓶称量方法和气体加入质量的计算方法。     

汽油中气体组分含量的快速分析

采用美国HP6890炼厂气分析多维填充柱色谱仪,建立了汽油中气体组分含量快速分析方法。采用汽油直接进样,校正归一化法定量,测定汽油中CO2、H2S和各气体烃组分的含量,完成一个样品的分析仅需22min。实验表明,该方法有很好的精密度,各气体组分浓度值的相对标准偏差均小于4．5％。     

中空多壳层结构材料的制备及气体传感应用研究进展

先进气体传感器技术在现代社会安全生产生活中扮演着极为重要的角色, 而高效敏感材料的设计与开发是其中的关键. 中空多壳层结构材料因其独特的层层嵌套的多壳层与多腔体结构而表现出特别的物理化学性质, 在气体传感领域显现出巨大的应用潜力. 传统的硬模板法、 软模板法以及基于奥斯特瓦尔德熟化和柯肯德尔效应的无模板法在中空多壳层纳米结构材料的普适制备及壳层结构的精确调控等方面存在诸多限制. 次序模板法的出现突破了上述限制, 促进了该领域的迅速发展. 本文简要回顾了中空多壳层结构材料制备方法的发展历程, 介绍了其在甲醛、 乙醇、 丙酮、 甲苯及二氧化氮等有害气体检测中的具体应用, 分析了其在气体传感领域的独特优势, 最后对该领域面临的挑战和发展前景进行了总结与展望.     

稀土元素分析

本文对2006～2010年间我国稀土元素分析化学方面的进展进行了综述,内容包括重量法和滴定法、分光光度法、分子荧光和发光法、原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、质谱法、电化学法、气体分析及色谱等其它方法,引用文献251篇。     

首例国产全自动高温高压气体分析仪进入美国

<正>专业容量法高温高压气体吸附仪研发及生产厂家——北京金埃谱科技有限公司,与美国佛吉尼亚理工大学在不久前签订了高温高压气体吸附仪采购合同,并顺利完成仪器的验收及调试。这是国产高温高压气体吸附仪首次成功进入美国市场,打破了国外产品的垄断地位。继金埃谱科技的容量法高温高压气体吸附仪获得国内众多用户(例如中国石油大学、四川大学、北京化工大学、河南理工大学、中国矿业大学、中国     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。