微流控技术在生命分析化学中的应用进展

微流控分析系统与宏观条件下的分析体系相比,具有样品和试剂消耗小、传质传热效率高、生物相容性较好、高通量并行分析、功能单元集成化、微型化及自动化控制等特点,在分析化学尤其是生命分析化学领域得到了广泛应用。本文以涉及细胞的微流控技术为切入点,主要介绍了近五年来微流控芯片相关技术的发展,如芯片材料与制作技术、表面改性技术和液滴技术等,并简单总结微流控技术在药物筛选和细胞分析等生命分析化学领域的研究应用进展。     

基于双向浓度梯度的微流控芯片系统对 肿瘤细胞侵袭能力的多重分析

利用微流控芯片易于模拟体内生理环境、 流体控制精确及易于集成等优势, 将基于扩散原理的浓度梯度形成结构与经典的圣诞树形浓度梯度发生器相集成, 建立了在垂直和水平方向上形成连续、 双向浓度梯度的微流控芯片系统, 采用该系统对不同类型细胞(HEK-293, MCF-7, SGC-7901)的侵袭力进行了定量分析; 通过在垂直方向上施加血清浓度梯度, 在水平方向上施加抗肿瘤药物十字孢碱浓度梯度, 分析了在连续药物浓度作用下的人胃癌SGC-7901细胞侵袭能力被抑制的情况, 同时观察并定量评价了伴随细胞侵袭力变化过程中细胞增殖能力受抑制的情况. 研究结果表明, 该系统可形成稳定的双向物质浓度梯度; 在血清浓度梯度存在情况下, 伴随十字孢碱浓度梯度的升高, 肿瘤细胞侵袭(P<0.0001)和增殖能力(P<0.001)均呈现浓度依赖性的连续降低. 建立的双向浓度梯度微流控芯片系统可用于评价复杂环境对细胞的多重影响, 也为研究细胞间相互作用、 多种药物联用及药物筛选等提供了良好的研究平台.     

微流控系统在生化分析领域的新应用

微流控芯片是近年来新兴的研究领域,它由微米级别的微通道及辅助器件构成,并且有着低试剂消耗量、响应时间短、高精度、高灵敏度、高集成度和独特的微观物理现象等特性。微流控芯片的独特优势为生物样品的处理与分析、生物模拟、药物传递和多组分分析等领域提供了前所未有的机会。为获得理想、完善的微流控平台,还需进一步挖掘微流控芯片的潜在应用。本文回顾了微流控芯片在生化分析领域中的新应用,分析了其优劣势与存在的挑战,并预测了微流控芯片未来可能的发展趋势,指出了微流控芯片"走出实验室"投入实际应用的可能。     

微流控芯片－质谱联用技术在细胞代谢与药物代谢中的研究进展

细胞代谢与药物代谢是新药筛选和研发的关键环节,在推动人类大健康发展进程中具有重要意义。通常情况下,细胞代谢和药物筛选以传统细胞培养测定研究为主,多为静态培养条件,无法很好地模拟体内细胞动态微环境。微流控芯片－质谱联用是近年发展起来的一种新型高通量分析技术。微流控芯片模块可高度模拟细胞体内动态微环境,与质谱联用可实时在线检测样品物质,具有高效、快速、简便、样品和试剂消耗低等特点,广泛应用于细胞代谢和药物代谢分析,有利于加速药物筛选研发进程。该文重点综述了微流控芯片－质谱联用技术及其在细胞代谢和药物代谢方面的应用概况,并对目前存在的局限性进行了讨论和展望,以期为微流控芯片－质谱联用技术在新药研发与细胞分析领域的发展提供参考。     

微流控芯片分析及其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用*

微流控芯片以其消耗少、易于微型化和集成化等优点在酶分析领域占有重要地位。近年来随着新检测技术的不断出现,酶抑制剂筛选芯片的结构也从简单的“混合-反应”和“分离-检测”,变得更加多样化和多功能化。微流控芯片上分子固定化酶、细胞培养等技术的进步为微流控芯片上实现酶抑制剂的高通量和高内涵筛选带来了巨大优势。本文对用于酶分析的微流控芯片的种类和构型进行简介和归纳总结,重点讨论和综述了其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用及其最新研究进展。     

微流控芯片酶分析及其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用

微流控芯片以其消耗少、易于微型化和集成化等优点在酶分析领域占有重要地位。近年来随着新检测技术的不断出现,酶抑制剂筛选芯片的结构也从简单的"混合-反应"和"分离-检测"变得更加多样化和多功能化。微流控芯片上分子固定化酶、细胞培养等技术的进步为微流控芯片上实现酶抑制剂的高通量和高内涵筛选带来了巨大优势。本文对用于酶分析的微流控芯片的种类和构型进行简介和归纳总结,重点讨论和综述了其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用及其最新研究进展。     

微流控技术应用于蛋白质结晶的研究*

随着微电子微机械等技术的不断进步,微流控(microfluidics)技术成为目前迅速发展的前沿领域之一,是化学科学和生命科学分析研究的重要技术平台。微流控技术高通量、低消耗和低成本的特点使其在蛋白质结晶条件筛选和优化方面展示了良好的应用前景。本文对应用于蛋白质结晶的各种微流控芯片技术的原理和方法进行了综述,并对目前几种商业化和文献报道的典型蛋白质结晶微流控系统进行了介绍和比较。     

近期微流控芯片疾病诊断技术的研究进展

微流控芯片具有液流可控、样品消耗量小、反应速度快、易于集成化等特点,在临床诊断和疾病筛查领域具有广阔的发展前景。本文针对近年来微流控芯片技术在疾病诊断方面的最新研究进展,从疾病标志物检测、细胞筛选和药物代谢研究及疾病诊断微流控芯片装置的发展现状等方面概述其在疾病诊断方面的应用和发展。     

生命分析微流控芯片的多尺度应用:从分子水平到个体水平

微流控芯片技术是多学科、多领域交叉的新兴分析技术,具有微型化、集成化、高通量、低消耗、高灵敏、分析速度快等特点。如今,微流控芯片技术已发展成为自然科学研究中不可或缺的技术平台,展现出巨大的优势,尤其在生命科学研究中得到了广泛应用。该文概述了近年来微流控芯片技术在分子水平、细胞水平、组织器官水平和生物个体水平等多个尺度上的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

基于微流控芯片的肿瘤细胞体外药敏试验研究进展

在抗癌药物研发及疾病治疗过程中,药物溶液实现梯度浓度及混合配置,对确定最佳浓度和联合治疗方案至关重要。微流控技术通过设定微通道网络实现复杂的溶液处理,可进行药理学分析。微流控技术是构建体外微环境、开展细胞培养和药敏研究的重要手段。本文针对肿瘤细胞体外药敏试验研究,在微流控技术原理、制造材料、结构设计和制造特点等方面,对近10年来微流控芯片功能结构、在细胞体外培养和药物筛选应用中的研究进展做了概括和综述,对未来用于癌症个性化治疗的微流控芯片结构和功能进行了展望。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.