介孔分子筛P-SBA-1催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

采用后合成法制备了介孔分子筛催化剂P-SBA-1,并用XRD和SEM对催化剂进行分析,表征结果表明催化剂P-SBA-1具有立方结构(空间点群Pm3n)。选用液体酸H2SO4和微孔分子筛HY、ZSM-5与SBA-1进行对比,结果表明催化剂的活性高低顺序为:H2SO4SBA-1HYZSM-5。将改性后的介孔分子筛P-SBA-1作为固体酸催化剂合成柠檬酸三丁酯。重点考察了催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等因素以及催化剂的重复使用性能。结果表明P-SBA-1催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯的最佳条件为:反应温度140℃,酸醇摩尔比1∶6,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.5%,反应时间5h。催化剂P-SBA-1重复使用性能良好。     

Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂的制备、表征及加氢脱硫催化性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15 为载体, 通过分步浸渍硝酸镍、磷酸氢二铵、钼酸铵, 然后在H₂气流下程序升温还原(H₂-TPR), 制备了一系列不同Mo 含量的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂. 采用X 射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂的结构进行了表征, 评价了催化剂对二苯并噻吩(DBT)的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性. 结果表明, Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂仍然保留有介孔结构, 催化剂的物相主要是Ni₂P. 催化剂表面的Ni 以Ni^δ+和Ni²⁺形式存在; P以P^δ-和P⁵⁺形式存在; Mo以Mo^δ+和Mo⁶⁺形式存在. Mo能促进催化性能的提高, 其中Mo含量为1% (w, 质量分数)的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂具有最好的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性, 在反应温度为380 ℃, 反应压力为3.0 MPa的条件下, 二苯并噻吩的转化率可达99.03%, 所有考察的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15都以直接加氢脱硫(DDS)途径为主.     

高比表面积双孔SiO2负载钴基催化剂费托合成反应性能研究

载体的结构可以显著影响钴基费托合成催化剂的活性和产物选择性。大孔结构载体可以改善反应物和产物的传质情况,提升CO转化活性和C₅₊产物选择性;高比表面积载体有利于使负载的金属分散,提高催化剂的金属利用效率和稳定性。然而,要获得同时具备高比表面积和大孔结构特征的载体相对困难。本研究采用结构导向水解法,合成了一种比表面积达1103.2 m²/g的介孔(2.9 nm)-大孔(63.8 nm)双孔二氧化硅(BP-SiO₂)载体,研究了其负载钴催化剂的费托合成反应性能。结果表明,相对规整介孔SBA-15分子筛负载的钴催化剂Co/SBA-15,210℃反应时,催化剂Co/BP-SiO₂的CO转化率提高33.3%,CH₄选择性降低30.1%,C₅₊选择性增加到80.0%,稳定性显著增强。     

H5PMo10V2O40/SBA-15催化剂的制备及其催化性能

以Keggin型杂多酸H5PMo10V2O40为主体,SBA-15介孔分子筛为载体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同负载量的H5PM10V2O40/SBA-15负载型催化剂,通过XRD、FTIR、TEM、H2-TPR和N2吸脱附法对样品进行了分析和表征,并将制得的负载型催化剂应用于苯氧化苯酚的反应中,研究了不同条件(温度、时间和催化剂用量等)下的催化性能.研究结果表明:H5PMo10V2O40杂多酸能均匀地分散于SBA-15孔道中且SBA-15的六方介孔结构并未发生改变:较好地解决了活性组分大量溶脱的问题;与H5PMo10V2O40杂多酸相比,H5PMo10V2O40/SBA-15催化剂在苯氧化为苯酚的反应中具有更高的转化率和更好的选择性,当反应温度为70℃,催化剂的使用量为0.25 g,反应时间为2 h和H5PMo10V2O40负载量为60%时苯酚的选择性达到了82.53%.     

固载杂多酸SiW_(12)/C催化合成富马酸二甲酯

用自制的固体杂多酸催化剂SiW12 /C进行催化酯化合成富马酸二甲酯 (DMF) .探讨了催化剂用量、醇 /酸比、反应时间、反应温度等动力学条件对合成DMF的影响 .确定了合成DMF的最佳合成工艺条件 :醇 /酸物质的量比为 6∶1,催化剂用量为富马酸质量的 2 .5 % ,反应时间 7.0h ,反应温度为回流温度 ,酯化率可达 90 .6 % .结果表明 ,该催化剂催化活性高 ,可重复使用 ,后处理容易 ,生产成本低且无三废污染 .     

Worm-like分子筛负载磷钨钼酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以Worm-like介孔分子筛为载体,通过浸渍的方法将磷钨钼酸负载到分子筛的孔道内,制备负载型磷钨钼酸催化剂,并采用XRD、N2-吸附脱附、红外光谱等方法对负载型催化剂进行表征.将负载型磷钨钼酸催化剂应用于乙酸异戊酯合成反应,考察乙酸与异戊醇物质的量比、反应时间、环己烷用量、负载型催化剂用量及磷钨钼酸负载量等因素对酯化率的影响和负载型催化剂的重复使用性能.结果表明,用负载型磷钨钼酸催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯的效果很好,酯化率可达92.8%,且负载型催化剂的重复使用性良好.     

介孔硅担载磷钨杂多酸催化剂的制备及其对环戊烯氧化反应的催化性能

采用离子交换法将Keggin型12-磷钨杂多酸负载到表面胺基化的介孔SBA-15分子筛上,并利用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和热重分析等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,所制备催化剂具有SBA-15分子筛的有序六方孔道结构,负载后的磷钨杂多酸的Keggin结构未遭到破坏,所制备催化剂...     

Cu-Zn-Zr/SBA-15介孔催化剂的制备及CO2加氢合成甲醇的催化性能

以具有骨架结构的SBA-15介孔分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法合成了具有高比表面积、不同金属氧化物含量的Cu-Zn-Zr介孔催化剂CZZx/SBA-15(x=0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6).采用N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2吸附(CO2-TPD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对样品进行了表征.在固定床反应器上评价了其CO2加氢合成甲醇的催化性能.实验结果表明,CZZx/SBA-15催化剂具有介孔结构,负载的Cu O,Zn O和Zr O2能够很好地分散在表面,并且负载氧化物晶粒尺寸不同.催化剂的铜比表面积SCu与甲醇催化活性呈近似线性关系,其中CZZ0.4/SBA-15催化剂表现出最大甲醇选择性(54.32%),与CZZ相比,甲醇选择性增加24.85%.随着金属氧化物负载量的增大,催化剂比表面积和SCu明显减小,甲醇选择性与收率也相应减小,负载型CZZx/SBA-15催化剂表面结构对CO2加氢合成甲醇反应活性起关键作用.     

表面含磷酸的介孔分子筛P-SBA-15的合成及其性能评价

采用后合成法，将磷酸固载在纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-15表面上。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）、氮气吸附 脱咐法（BET）分析方法表征催化剂的物理性能。结果表明，催化剂P-SBA-15在高温焙烧后保持了稳定的介孔分子筛SBA-15结构，该催化剂的比表面积和孔径分别为605.45m2/g和5.576nm（磷硅摩尔比5%）。选用十一碳烯酸与异丙醇的酯化反应对催化剂P-SBA-15的催化反应性能进行评价，同时与其他几种微孔沸石分子筛催化剂催化性能相比表明，磷酸改性的介孔分子筛P SBA 15是合成十一烯酸异丙酯较为理想的固体酸催化剂，考察了催化剂的稳定性。     

自制Ti/W-MCM-41介孔分子筛催化制备乳酸戊酯

采用自制的介孔分子筛Ti/W-MCM-41催化乳酸与正戊醇的酯化反应,合成了乳酸正戊酯;利用红外光谱仪分析了催化剂的化学特征,考察了分子筛的WO3质量分数、催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对目标产物酯化率的影响.结果表明,在nSi∶nTi=30∶1,WO3质量分数10%,550℃下焙烧6h条件下制得的催化剂具有良好的催化性能;其催化合成乳酸正戊酯适宜的反应条件为:0.2mol乳酸,催化剂用量0.5g,n(正戊醇)∶n(乳酸)=1.6∶1,反应时间100min,酯化率可达94.4%.该催化剂使用7次酯化率仍可达86.6%.     

柠檬酸络合法制备Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂及加氢脱硫性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,Ni组分采用柠檬酸(CA)配合法,制备了Ni2P质量含量为25%～45%、P/Ni为0.8、CA/Ni为0～1.5的一系列CA-Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂.利用XRD和N2吸脱附表征了催化剂结构,以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型硫合物,对催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价,考察了CA/Ni比对催化剂结构和反应性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂仍然保持有介孔结构,催化活性物相为Ni2P.反应温度为300～340℃时,Ni2P含量和CA/Ni比都对催化剂的性能有一定的影响,反应温度在360℃以上时,Ni2P含量和CA/Ni比对催化剂性能的影响不明显.Ni2P含量为35%、CA/Ni比为1.0的催化剂具有最好的HDS活性,DBT的转化率可达98%.     

疏水双功能介孔固体酸的合成及其在乙酸乙酯酯化反应中的应用

通过水热合成法一步合成了具有不同疏水基团－CH₃ 、－(CH₃)₂ 和－(CH₃)₃的双功能介孔固体酸SBA-15-SO₃H－(CH₃)_x催化剂。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N₂吸脱附、元素分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在乙酸乙酯酯化反应中进行催化性能评价。结果表明,随着疏水前驱体中甲基数的增加,样品的疏水性增强。SBA-15-SO₃H-(CH₃)_x催化剂的催化活性随着疏水性的增强而提高,而具有较强疏水性的材料SBA-15-SO₃H-(CH₃)₃在反应中具有较高的催化性能。以SBA-15-SO₃H-(CH₃)₃为催化剂,酯化反应的最优条件为：温度为120℃,乙酸与乙醇摩尔比为4∶1,催化剂质量分数为1 %,反应时间为1h。在此条件下,乙醇的转化率和乙酸乙酯的选择性分别为93%和100%。     

CuWO4/SBA-15催化剂的制备及其光催化氧化脱硫性能

以CuWO_4为活性组分、SBA-15介孔分子筛为载体,制备CuWO_4/SBA-15催化剂,利用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、FT-IR、UV-vis、SEM、EDS和TEM对催化剂进行表征分析;以二苯并噻吩(DBT)的十二烷溶液为模拟油,研究了CuWO_4/SBA-15的光催化氧化脱硫(PODS)性能。结果表明,CuWO_4/SBA-15保持了载体高度有序的二维六方介孔结构,活性组分分布均匀,且随负载量增加,其比表面积、孔径和孔容依次减小。与CuWO_4相比,CuWO_4/SBA-15的UV-vis吸收边界蓝移,禁带宽度增加。以二苯并噻吩(DBT)的十二烷溶液为模拟油,评价催化剂的光催化氧化脱硫(PODS)性能。当CuWO_4与SiO_2质量比为0.07,催化剂用量为3%,O/S物质的量比为10∶1,剂油体积比为1∶1,光照反应100 min时,催化剂脱硫率最高,可达到81.5%,明显高于CuWO_4,催化剂重复使用六次后,活性没有明显下降。在PODS反应过程中,·OH和h~+是反应的主要活性物种。     

Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of La-SO42-/SBA-15 in Esterification of Acetic Acid with n-Butanol

La-SO42-/SBA-15 was synthesized with various amounts of lanthanum via incipient-wetness impregnation.Characterization was done by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron micrographs(TEM), nitrogen adsorption,FTIR spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and the total amount of acidity of catalyst was estimated by TPD of NH3. The results indicate that lanthanum has been incorporated into SBA-15 molecular sieve. The prepared materials(La-SO42-/SBA-15) keep the highly ordered mesoporous two-dimensional hexagonal structure and do not change the mesoporous channel structure of the support SBA-15. The catalyst showed best catalytic activity in the synthesis of n-butyl acetate. The optimum conditions of the esterification by orthogonal experiments were studied: the molar ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid 1:1.2, the amount of catalyst 7.5%, reaction time 80 min. The yield of n-butyl acetate could reach 93.2% under the optimum conditions. The catalyst was recyclable, cost effective and environmental friendly.     

固体核磁共振研究碱土金属磷硅酸盐玻璃的六配位硅结构

Phosphate glass is widely used in optical applications; however, its generally low chemical stability and poor thermal mechanical properties hinder the application of phosphate glass to the rapidly evolving laser industry. The addition of a small amount of silicon can form a six-coordinate Si (Si⁽⁶⁾) network and improve the above-mentioned poor properties of phosphate glass. Therefore, it is important to characterize and understand the structural details of phosphosilicate glasses. It is difficult to investigate the glass structure because of its complicated and disordered characteristics. However, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can provide detailed local structural information, regardless of the presence of its long-range order. To study the effect of alkaline earth metals on Si⁽⁶⁾ species formation, we prepared phosphosilicate glasses (2MO-3P₂O₅)_(1−x)·(SiO₂)_x (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) by conventional melt-quenching, and the glass structure was investigated by solid-state NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The ³¹P and ²⁹Si NMR spectra indicated that the glass networks consisted of P⁽²⁾ and P⁽³⁾ tetrahedrons linked via four- and six-fold coordinated silicon units (Si⁽⁴⁾ and Si⁽⁶⁾). The fraction of six-coordinated silicon Si⁽⁶⁾ decreased with increasing SiO₂ content. Similarly, the Raman spectra showed that the vibration band of the P＝O stretching mode in P⁽³⁾ linked with Si⁽⁶⁾ neighbors reduced as the silica content increased. The connectivities between various phosphorus species were probed by ³¹P one- and two-dimensional refocused INADEQUATE experiments. This experimental technique is based on homonuclear J-coupling and yields correlation peaks between nuclei engaged in P―O―P linkages (P⁽²⁾ and P⁽³⁾ units). The signals from isolated ³¹P nuclei are suppressed because of the absence of J-coupling, which precludes the formation of double quantum coherences. The results indicated the segregation of P⁽²⁾ and P⁽³⁾ units in the prepared glass, which were also compared with those in the previously reported Na₂O-P₂O₅-SiO₂ glasses. They differed from alkali phosphosilicate glasses, where each P⁽³⁾ unit exhibited a maximum average of one Si⁽⁶⁾―O―P⁽³⁾ linkage, and in the alkaline earth phosphosilicate glasses, the average was approximately 0.4–0.7. When the content of Si⁽⁶⁾ units reached its maximum, further increase in the SiO₂ content did not increase the Si⁽⁶⁾ content, and the surplus Si were present as Si⁽⁴⁾. Alkaline earth metal ions exhibit weaker stabilizing effects for Si⁽⁶⁾ species. Based on the results presented herein, we constructed sketches to illustrate the local structural organization of the glass. The relationships between the compositions and structures are important for glass composition and property design. It is important to improve the performance of phosphate glass by changing its composition, particularly for large laser device applications.     

Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of La-SO4/SBA-15 in Esterification of Acetic Acid with n-Butanol

La-SO42-/SBA-15 was synthesized with various amounts of lanthanum via incipient-wetness impregnation. Characterization was done by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron micrographs（TEM）, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and the total amount of acidity of catalyst was estimated by TPD of NH3. The results indicate that lanthanum has been incorporated into SBA-15 molecular sieve. The prepared materials（La-SO42-/SBA-15） keep the highly ordered mesoporous two-dimensional hexagonal structure and do not change the mesoporous channel structure of the support SBA-15. The catalyst showed best catalytic activity in the synthesis of n-butyl acetate. The optimum conditions of the esterification by orthogonal experiments were studied： the molar ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid 1：1.2, the amount of catalyst 7.5%, reaction time 80 min. The yield of n-butyl acetate could reach 93.2% under the optimum conditions. The catalyst was recyclable, cost effective and environmental friendly.     

不同助剂对CuO-ZnO/SBA-15催化CO_2加氢制甲醇性能影响的研究

以硅质骨架结构介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用浸渍法合成CuO-ZnO/SBA-15(CZ/SBA-15)、CuO-ZnO-MnO_2/SBA-15(CZM/SBA-15)、CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2/SBA-15(CZZ/SBA-15)三组多孔催化剂,在固定床反应器上评价了各组催化剂催化CO_2加氢合成甲醇的性能,同时结合N_2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、程序升温脱附(H_2-TPD、CO_2-TPD)、N_2O滴定、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征研究了不同助剂对CO_2催化加氢制甲醇的影响。结果表明,催化剂中的金属氧化物改变了SBA-15分子筛载体的孔径大小和比表面积;催化剂CuO-ZnO-MnO_2/SBA-15、CuO-Zn O-ZrO_2/SBA-15中铜的分散度(D_(Cu))和比表面积(A_(Cu))更大,表面CuO粒径更小,更易被还原;相比Mn-O簇,Zr-O簇为增强了碱性位点,提高了甲醇选择性。此外,CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2/SBA-15具有更高的氧空位浓度,催化活性更好,其甲醇选择性为25.02%,与CuO-ZnO/SBA-15、CuO-ZnO-Mn O_2/SBA-15相比分别提高了28%和136.9%,催化效果最好。