不同助剂对CuO-ZnO/SBA-15催化CO_2加氢制甲醇性能影响的研究

以硅质骨架结构介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用浸渍法合成CuO-ZnO/SBA-15(CZ/SBA-15)、CuO-ZnO-MnO_2/SBA-15(CZM/SBA-15)、CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2/SBA-15(CZZ/SBA-15)三组多孔催化剂,在固定床反应器上评价了各组催化剂催化CO_2加氢合成甲醇的性能,同时结合N_2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、程序升温脱附(H_2-TPD、CO_2-TPD)、N_2O滴定、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征研究了不同助剂对CO_2催化加氢制甲醇的影响。结果表明,催化剂中的金属氧化物改变了SBA-15分子筛载体的孔径大小和比表面积;催化剂CuO-ZnO-MnO_2/SBA-15、CuO-Zn O-ZrO_2/SBA-15中铜的分散度(D_(Cu))和比表面积(A_(Cu))更大,表面CuO粒径更小,更易被还原;相比Mn-O簇,Zr-O簇为增强了碱性位点,提高了甲醇选择性。此外,CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2/SBA-15具有更高的氧空位浓度,催化活性更好,其甲醇选择性为25.02%,与CuO-ZnO/SBA-15、CuO-ZnO-Mn O_2/SBA-15相比分别提高了28%和136.9%,催化效果最好。     

高比表面积双孔SiO2负载钴基催化剂费托合成反应性能研究

载体的结构可以显著影响钴基费托合成催化剂的活性和产物选择性。大孔结构载体可以改善反应物和产物的传质情况,提升CO转化活性和C₅₊产物选择性;高比表面积载体有利于使负载的金属分散,提高催化剂的金属利用效率和稳定性。然而,要获得同时具备高比表面积和大孔结构特征的载体相对困难。本研究采用结构导向水解法,合成了一种比表面积达1103.2 m²/g的介孔(2.9 nm)-大孔(63.8 nm)双孔二氧化硅(BP-SiO₂)载体,研究了其负载钴催化剂的费托合成反应性能。结果表明,相对规整介孔SBA-15分子筛负载的钴催化剂Co/SBA-15,210℃反应时,催化剂Co/BP-SiO₂的CO转化率提高33.3%,CH₄选择性降低30.1%,C₅₊选择性增加到80.0%,稳定性显著增强。     

介孔Ni-β-Mo2C/SBA-16催化剂在CH4/CO2重整制合成气反应中的催化性能

采用等体积浸渍将双金属活性组分负载到介孔分子筛SBA-16上,通过热分解制备了负载型催化剂Ni--Mo2C/SBA-16.N2吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜等结果表明,引入活性组分后,样品依然保持原有的有序介孔结构,活性组分高度分散于载体上,没有团聚.在CH4/CO2重整制合成气反应中,Ni--Mo2C/SBA-16催化剂具有较高的CH4和CO2转化率,以及CO和H2选择性,有明显的抗积炭作用.     

一种新的高活性CO氧化催化剂Ag/SBA-1

 以SBA-15为载体,采用后修饰法制备了Ag/SBA-15催化剂. XRD和TEM结果表明,金属Ag粒子均匀分散于SBA-15的纳米孔道中,粒子平均大小为4～5 nm. 同时,负载金属Ag纳米粒子后,载体的介孔结构仍然能很好地保持. CO催化氧化测试结果表明,Ag/SBA-15具有很高的催化活性,120 ℃时就能使CO完全氧化. 而在富H2气氛下,80 ℃时CO的转化率达到最大值(48%),此时O2的选择性为28%. 高温H2还原是活化Ag/SBA-15的必要步骤.     

H5PMo10V2O40/SBA-15催化剂的制备及其催化性能

以Keggin型杂多酸H5PMo10V2O40为主体,SBA-15介孔分子筛为载体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同负载量的H5PM10V2O40/SBA-15负载型催化剂,通过XRD、FTIR、TEM、H2-TPR和N2吸脱附法对样品进行了分析和表征,并将制得的负载型催化剂应用于苯氧化苯酚的反应中,研究了不同条件(温度、时间和催化剂用量等)下的催化性能.研究结果表明:H5PMo10V2O40杂多酸能均匀地分散于SBA-15孔道中且SBA-15的六方介孔结构并未发生改变:较好地解决了活性组分大量溶脱的问题;与H5PMo10V2O40杂多酸相比,H5PMo10V2O40/SBA-15催化剂在苯氧化为苯酚的反应中具有更高的转化率和更好的选择性,当反应温度为70℃,催化剂的使用量为0.25 g,反应时间为2 h和H5PMo10V2O40负载量为60%时苯酚的选择性达到了82.53%.     

负载型Pd/SBA-15催化剂的双烯选择性加氢催化性能

用微型反应器评价体系结合程序升温还原CO、化学吸附、BET比表面积测试和高分辨率透射电子显微镜等多种表征方法研究了负载型Pd/SBA-15催化剂的长链正构双烯选择性加氢的催化性能.结果表明,与Pd/-γAl2O3工业催化剂相比,Pd/SBA-15催化剂双烯选择性加氢的催化性能更优良,且Pd/SBA-15催化剂双烯选择性加氢催化性能与Pd负载量密切相关.随Pd负载量增加,Pd/SBA-15催化剂的金属分散度和长链正构双烯加氢选择性急剧下降.     

介孔Ce1-xZrxO2负载的Cu基催化剂在富氢条件下催化CO选择性氧化

采用多元醇为模板剂合成了介孔Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0.2,0.35,0.5)固溶体材料,并以其为载体负载CuO制备了Cu基催化剂.应用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附和N2吸附-脱附等技术对载体及催化剂进行了表征,并研究了Zr的取代比例x值对载体和Cu基催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,所有Ce1-xZrxO2样品均为介孔材料,其中Ce0.5-Zr0.5O2载体样品有较大的比表面积(181m2/g),CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品在富氢条件下有较高的催化CO选择性氧化反应的活性和选择性.与其他催化剂样品相比,CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品中形成的活性中心更多,分散性更好,对CO的吸附量更大,CO脱附温度更低,活性组分与载体的相互作用更强。     

高效甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的SBA-15改性的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂

以介孔SBA-15为结构助剂, 制备出用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的新型高效氧化硅掺杂的Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂, 并与传统Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂在相同条件下的催化性能进行了比较. 结果表明, 添加适量介孔SBA-15可显著提高催化剂的催化活性和选择性, 在大幅度提高甲醇转化率的同时有效降低了重整产气中CO的含量. 原位XRD分析证实适量介孔SBA-15的添加对传统Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂的微结构性质可产生重要的调控作用, 从而大大改善其催化活性和制氢选择性.     

超声吸附制备均匀分散在SBA-15的S2O82--Fe2O3纳米粒子:增强S2O82--Fe2O3本体催化活性

酸催化剂在化学反应和化工生产中具有重要的作用.传统无机酸,如H2SO4,H3PO4和对甲苯磺酸等具有较高的催化活性,但是存在污染大、设备腐蚀严重以及催化剂不能重复使用等问题.固体酸具有酸性强、易分离、环境友好以及稳定性和重复使用性好等特点因而近年来越来越引起人们的关注.其中,SO42--MxOy固体超强酸(如SO42--ZrO2,SO42--TiO2和SO42--SnO2等)因具有很好的催化性能而备受关注.相比SO42--MxOy,S2O82--MxOy具有更强的酸性和稳定性而成为研究的重点.如何克服固体超强酸本体的低比表面积和孔容,增加其比表面积和催化活性是固体超强酸研究的热点.超声吸附法可保证所制介孔固体酸活性组分均匀分散,以及大的比表面积和更多的酸性位点.因此采用超声吸附法制备了一种新型介孔固体酸S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15.相比S2O82--Fe2O3本体、B酸和文献报道催化剂,负载30%Fe2O3的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15在环氧苯乙烷甲醇醇解的探针反应中显示出很高的催化活性,反应收率为100%.S2O82--Fe2O3纳米粒子的纳米效应和SBA-15介孔结构的协同作用使S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有高催化活性.相比S2O82--Fe2O3本体,采用超声分散技术制备的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15固体超强酸具有典型的介孔结构、大的比表面和孔容,并且表面富含酸性位点.并且吡啶红外分析S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15表面富含L酸和B酸.环氧苯乙烷甲醇醇解探针反应表明,Fe2O3负载量为30%时,S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15的催化活性最高,优于S2O82--Fe2O3本体和已报道的布朗酸和路易斯酸等催化剂,将醇底物拓展(ROHs,R = C2H5-C4H9),S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15的催化活性也优于S2O82--Fe2O3本体.同时,S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有很好的重复使用性能,连续使用七次,反应收率在84.1%以上.总之,具有高催化活性、好的稳定性和经济性的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有广阔的应用前景.     

高效甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的SBA-15改性的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂

以介孔SBA-15为结构助剂, 制备出用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的新型高效氧化硅掺杂的Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂, 并与传统Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂在相同条件下的催化性能进行了比较. 结果表明, 添加适量介孔SBA-15可显著提高催化剂的催化活性和选择性, 在大幅度提高甲醇转化率的同时有效降低了重整产气中CO的含量. 原位XRD分析证实适量介孔SBA-15的添加对传统Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂的微结构性质可产生重要的调控作用, 从而大大改善其催化活性和制氢选择性.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.