蔗渣基重金属离子吸附剂的制备

采用甘蔗残渣、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(MAETAC)为原料,通过接枝共聚反应制备出蔗渣基重金属离子吸附剂,对制备该吸附剂的影响因子如活化时间、蔗渣和单体的配比、引发剂用量、温度和时间等条件进行了分析研究,通过正交试验得到了合成吸附剂的优化工艺条件.优化条件下合成的蔗渣基吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附容量达到58.53mg/g,是蔗渣原料的12倍.     

蔗渣的热解与燃烧动力学特性研究

利用热重分析仪对蔗渣在不同升温速率下的热解、燃烧失重特性进行了研究。采用Friedman法对反应过程中可能存在的反应机理进行初步判断，蔗渣热解过程由其主要组分半纤维素、纤维素和木质素热解的三个独立的平行反应来描述，相应的反应活化能分别为203.92 kJ·mol-1、238.50 kJ·mol-1和77.11 kJ·mol-1； 蔗渣燃烧过程分为两段，第一段类似于其热解过程，第二段由木质素热解和残焦燃烧共同组成的连续反应，反应活化能为255.57 kJ·mol-1和159.11 kJ·mol-1。通过非线性回归法拟合获得的曲线与实验曲线基本一致，证实了蔗渣的热解、燃烧过程中存在着上述假定的反应机理。     

蔗渣半纤维素及其利用

<正> 半纤维素为植物纤维物质三大主要成份之一,其含量仅次干纤维素,在甘蔗渣中,半纤维素的含量较高。分析表明,台糖134混合蔗渣中,半纤维素含量占综纤维素的43％,占苯醇抽提后蔗渣的35％。目前,在纸浆,人造纤维等的生产过程中,半纤维素尚未得到合理利用,诸多排放江湖,污染环境,其开发利用是一个值得重视的课题。蔗渣半纤维素的组成及结构蔗渣半纤维素中,存在着多种糖基,主要是D-木糖,其次为L-阿拉伯糖,还有少量的     

离子液体对锯末中纤维素的溶解及再生研究

探讨了离子液体1-(4-磺酸基丁基)-3-甲基咪唑的硫酸氢盐(IL-1)作为催化剂,金属氯化物作为助催化剂时纤维素的水解,利用离子液体IL-1对杨木锯末中纤维素的直接溶解并再生,考察了温度、碱性溶液的浓度以及溶解时间对溶解率的影响,通过傅里叶红外光谱FT-IR、X-射线衍射仪及热失重对处理前后锯末、再生纤维素的结构、结晶性及热性能进行了研究.结果表明,温度为90℃,NaOH质量分数为6%,溶解时间为2 h时,离子液体对杨木锯末具有最佳的溶解性,溶解率可达45%左右.离子液体主要溶解杨木锯末中的纤维素,且为非衍生化的直接溶解,再生后的纤维素结晶形态由纤维素I变为II,热稳定性能有所降低.     

蔗渣半纤维素的分级抽提和分析

实验用缓和亚氯酸钠法制备台糖134蔗渣综纤维素,用热水,1％、3％、5％、17.5％、24％等浓度的KOH以及17.5％的NaOH+4％的硼酸等分级抽提半纤维素。当碱浓度为5％时,近70％的半纤维素被抽出;碱浓度达17.5％时,半纤维素抽出量达90％。半纤维素的总含量占综纤维素的43％,占苯醇抽提后蔗渣的35％。分级碱抽提的半纤维素聚合度为78—150。各级的百分含量及其单糖组成表明,蔗渣半纤维素除绝大部分为阿拉伯木聚糖外,尚有少许的阿拉伯半乳聚糖和葡萄甘露聚糖及半乳葡萄甘露聚糖。     

离子交换纤维对亚硫酸法糖汁脱色性能研究

研究了强碱性阴离子交换纤维对亚硫酸法清净糖汁的脱色性能.对沉清工段清汁的脱色效果和影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,阴离子交换纤维对沉清汁的脱色效果明显,脱色后清汁色值低于30 oSt.再生液洗脱再生反复使用90次后,脱色效果达84%.与717强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂相比具有脱色容量高、脱色速度快、再生速度快和抗污染能力强等优点.通过离子交换纤维的脱色处理,亚硫酸法清净糖汁可以达到制备优质糖的要求.     

蔗渣木聚糖磷酸酯的合成与表征

以蔗渣木聚糖为主要原料,正磷酸盐(NaH2PO4与Na2 HPO4)为酯化剂,尿素为催化剂,在湿法工艺下合成了蔗渣木聚糖磷酸酯.考察了酯化温度、酯化时间、蔗渣木聚糖与酯化剂和催化剂配比、pH等因素对取代度的影响,采用正交试验设计对合成条件进行优化,运用统计分析方法探讨了各因素影响的主次顺序和显著性,得到较佳的合成条件为...     

双活性磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖对羟基苯甲酸酯的合成及活性模拟

以蔗渣木聚糖(BX)为主要原料、氨基三磺酸钠为酯化剂,在一步酯化合成磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖酯的基础上,利用磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖酯和对羟基苯甲酸进行二步酯化反应,合成了磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖对羟基苯甲酸酯,并考察了反应条件对酯化反应的影响,通过单因素实验确定了第二步酯化反应较佳的合成工艺条件.蔗渣木聚糖酯化改性前后的样品分别用FT-IR,DG-DTG和XRD进行了表征,并对该双酯化衍生物的分子进行了优化与活性模拟.结果表明:FT-IR证明双酯化产物含有磺酸基团和对羟基苯甲酸酯基团,TG-DTG分析表明该双酯化衍生物的热稳定性提高,XRD说明发生双酯化改性后分子排列的规整性提高,结晶度增加;活性模拟实现了磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖对羟基苯甲酸酯与艾滋病毒的对接.     

磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素吸附剂的制备及对溶菌酶的吸附

以天然产物油菜秸秆纤维素粉作为基质,二甲基甲酰胺为交联剂,磷酸为修饰剂,制备了新型磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素生物吸附剂。用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜及X射线光电子能谱,对油菜秸秆纤维素和磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素吸附剂进行表征。研究了油菜秸秆纤维素粉改性前后对溶菌酶的吸附,包括吸附溶液的pH值、溶菌酶的初始浓度、吸附时间、温度及NaCl的浓度等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明,在温度25℃,pH值7.4,吸附时间10h的条件下,磷酸化油菜秸秆纤维素粉微球对溶菌酶的吸附容量为451.71 mg·g-1,而未修饰油菜秸秆纤维素粉微球对溶菌酶的吸附容量只有332.43mg·g-1。在优化条件下用修饰吸附剂从鸡蛋清中分离纯化溶菌酶,纯化倍数为19.8,收得率为51.3%。     

离子液体预处理的纤维素酶解糖化

利用离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑([C4mim]Cl)对纤维素进行预处理.结果表明,纤维素经离子液体预处理后聚合度下降,糖化速度随预处理温度增加呈现先增大后下降的趋势,在90℃出现最大值11 77 g/(L·h). 延长预处理时间和采用乙醇作为沉淀剂,可促进酶解糖化,糖化速度比未处理的纤维素提高70%. 根据扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,纤维素出现了明显的解聚.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.