基于氮杂Mn咔咯二维纳米材料的单原子Mn中心催化氧化烷烃制醇（英文）

咔咯是由四个吡咯共轭相连而形成的具有芳香性的新型卟啉类大环化合物,但咔咯分子中存在一个直接连结两个吡咯环的C-C键,与卟啉相比,仅仅是少了一个“meso”位置的C原子.因此,在结构上,咔咯含有三个“吡咯型”氮原子和一个“吡啶型”氮原子,当咔咯失去三个内氢原子后变成了三价阴离子,易与金属形成高价态的稳定配合物.氮杂咔咯是一种咔咯的meso位上的C被取代为N的咔咯衍生物.与正常的咔咯相比,它更易于与过渡金属形成稳定配合物.正是由于这些独特的结构特点,使其在金属催化、染料敏化太阳能电池、光敏剂、金属传感器、甚至在医学上都有很好的应用前景.金属有机大环均相催化剂的非均相化,是改进反应产物分离和实现催化剂循环使用的最简单有效方法之一.环境友好的Mn氮杂咔咯催化剂,在温和条件下可以利用氧气直接将有机底物氧化.本文选用Mn氮杂咔咯催化剂作为基本构建单元,通过理论计算,构建了一种新型的具有高催化活性的含Mn氮杂咔咯环结构单元的二维纳米催化材料.我们分别使用高斯软件(Gaussian09)和维也纳从头算模拟软件包(VASP)对孤立分子和周期性体系进行结构优化以及性质的计算.在这种二维材料中,每一个Mn原子作为相对独立的金属单原子中心(SAC),保留了单环中Mn金属中心的高催化活性.在温和的光照条件下, Mn金属中心可以直接活化氧气生成类自由基[Mn]-O-O中心,随后[Mn]-O-O中心可以有效地通过夺取有机底物中的H和紧接着新生自由基的偶合反应,选择性氧化C-H键为C-OH键.另外,通过沿[Mn]-O-O反应轴施加不同强度的外电场,可对此二维纳米材料的催化反应活性进行精细调控.本文为实验上制备基于Mn氮杂咔咯的非均相催化剂以及单原子Mn基催化剂提供了理论依据.     

铁咔咯配合物在有机合成中的催化应用

铁咔咯配合物的制备及其催化活性研究是当今卟啉化学的前沿课题之一。本文综述了近年来铁咔咯配合物在有机合成中的催化应用,重点归纳评述了它们在氧化反应,烯烃的环丙烷化、氮杂环丙烷化,N-H键、S-H键和C-H键的插入反应, [4+2]环加成反应及共聚反应中的催化活性,分析了目前铁咔咯配合物在催化研究方面存在的问题并展望了其发展的方向。     

以卟啉为前驱体制备的M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn)催化剂中不同过渡金属中心对催化乙苯氧化反应的影响（英文）

近年来,过渡金属氮碳材料由于其廉价、高效与持久耐用的性质得到广泛研究,被视为钯基催化剂的良好替代品.除了可应用于电催化领域,过渡金属氮碳材料还可作为有机反应催化剂,并显示出良好的催化性能.金属卟啉化合物因其高效模拟自然酶的仿生催化功能而闻名,然而在均相催化体系中其难回收、易自我氧化失活的缺点大大阻碍了其实际应用.对金属卟啉进行热处理是提高其催化性能与稳定性的有效方法.此外,作为内部含有金属-氮配合键的含碳大环化合物,金属卟啉是一步合成金属氮碳材料的良好前驱体.本课题组已证明以金属钴卟啉作为前驱体制得的金属氮碳催化剂具有良好的催化乙苯氧化性能.在此基础上,本文采用含有不同过渡金属中心的四苯基金属卟啉(四苯基钴卟啉、四苯基铁卟啉和四苯基钴卟啉)为前驱体,通过无模板法热处理制备了过渡金属氮碳催化剂M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn),考察不同过渡金属中心对催化剂性能的影响.所得催化剂采用N_2吸附-脱附、热重(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱进行了表征.N_2吸附-脱附结果表明,所得M-N-C材料具有不同的比表面积与孔道结构,其中Co-N-C催化剂比表面积最大.TG显示,不同金属卟啉的失重情况不同,四苯基钴卟啉失重最多,四苯基铁卟啉次之,四苯基锰卟啉失重最少.从TEM和Raman结果可见,所得不同金属氮碳材料具有不同的石墨化程度,其中Co-N-C材料具有明显的石墨化层状碳结构,石墨化程度最高,Fe-N-C材料次之,而Mn-N-C材料中的碳主要呈片状无定形状态,表明其石墨化程度最低.这可能是不同过渡金属中心在加热过程中对卟啉结构碳化过程催化效果不同所致,其中钴中心对卟啉结构碳化过程的催化效果最佳.另外,考察了该M-N-C催化剂在无溶剂条件下催化分子氧选择性氧化乙苯的性能.结果发现,不同金属中心的M-N-C催化剂表现出不同的催化性能.这可能归因于金属种类的不同、所得催化剂碳氮结构的差别以及金属中心与氮碳结构的协同效应.此外,这些M-N-C材料作为多相催化剂在以氧气为氧源的无溶剂选择性氧化乙苯反应中表现出良好的催化性能,且多次使用后没有明显的活性损失,具有良好的回收使用性能.     

以卟啉为前驱体制备的M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn)催化剂中不同过渡金属中心对催化乙苯氧化反应的影响

近年来,过渡金属氮碳材料由于其廉价、高效与持久耐用的性质得到广泛研究,被视为钯基催化剂的良好替代品.除了可应用于电催化领域,过渡金属氮碳材料还可作为有机反应催化剂,并显示出良好的催化性能.金属卟啉化合物因其高效模拟自然酶的仿生催化功能而闻名,然而在均相催化体系中其难回收、易自我氧化失活的缺点大大阻碍了其实际应用.对金属卟啉进行热处理是提高其催化性能与稳定性的有效方法.此外,作为内部含有金属-氮配合键的含碳大环化合物,金属卟啉是一步合成金属氮碳材料的良好前驱体.本课题组已证明以金属钴卟啉作为前驱体制得的金属氮碳催化剂具有良好的催化乙苯氧化性能.在此基础上,本文采用含有不同过渡金属中心的四苯基金属卟啉(四苯基钴卟啉、四苯基铁卟啉和四苯基钴卟啉)为前驱体,通过无模板法热处理制备了过渡金属氮碳催化剂M-N-C (M=Co,Fe,Mn),考察不同过渡金属中心对催化剂性能的影响.所得催化剂采用N2吸附-脱附、热重(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱进行了表征.N2吸附-脱附结果表明,所得M-N-C材料具有不同的比表面积与孔道结构,其中Co-N-C催化剂比表面积最大.TG显示,不同金属卟啉的失重情况不同,四苯基钴卟啉失重最多,四苯基铁卟啉次之,四苯基锰卟啉失重最少.从TEM和Raman结果可见,所得不同金属氮碳材料具有不同的石墨化程度,其中Co-N-C材料具有明显的石墨化层状碳结构,石墨化程度最高,Fe-N-C材料次之,而Mn-N-C材料中的碳主要呈片状无定形状态,表明其石墨化程度最低.这可能是不同过渡金属中心在加热过程中对卟啉结构碳化过程催化效果不同所致,其中钴中心对卟啉结构碳化过程的催化效果最佳.另外,考察了该M-N-C催化剂在无溶剂条件下催化分子氧选择性氧化乙苯的性能.结果发现,不同金属中心的M-N-C催化剂表现出不同的催化性能.这可能归因于金属种类的不同、所得催化剂碳氮结构的差别以及金属中心与氮碳结构的协同效应.此外,这些M-N-C材料作为多相催化剂在以氧气为氧源的无溶剂选择性氧化乙苯反应中表现出良好的催化性能,且多次使用后没有明显的活性损失,具有良好的回收使用性能.     

取代基对咔咯锰(V)-氧配合物Mn―O的成键影响

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对一系列A₃型咔咯锰(V)氧配合物进行了理论计算. 结果表明: 咔咯锰(V)-氧配合物中Mn―O键是由1 个σ键和2 个π键构成的叁键结构; 当咔咯中位取代基由推电子过渡到拉电子性质时, 咔咯骨架紧缩, Mn―O键缩短, 其拉曼光谱的伸缩振动峰往高波数移动; 取代基与氧原子的静电作用模式由正-负吸引转化为负-负排斥, 导致Mn―O键解离能ΔE减少, 即拉电子基团有利于增强咔咯锰(V)-氧配合物氧原子的活泼性.     

三价铑催化定位基辅助的芳烃和含杂原子张力环烯烃之间的多样化偶联反应

近几年来,三价铑催化剂被广泛应用于C-H键活化研究.利用这类催化剂独特的立体和配位性质,在相对温和条件下能够实现催化体系的底物多样性、高活性、高官能团兼容性等优点.虽然多种不饱和底物可以和芳烃经C-H活化机理发生偶联,但环氧四氢萘和环氮杂四氢萘作为张力活化的烯烃参与C-H活化的偶联反应尚未见报道.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所李兴伟课题组实现了环氮杂四氢萘在氧化剂存在条件下和2-苯基吡啶等芳环的氧化     

苯乙烯-4-乙烯基吡啶无规共聚物/SiO2纳米杂化材料负载茂钛催化剂的制备及苯乙烯聚合

均相茂金属催化剂的非均相化已成为高分子化学领域一个新的研究热点. 该催化剂负载于不溶性的载体上, 形成的负载型催化剂既有均相催化剂单一活性特点（如金属原子利用率及催化活性高、反应快、条件温和及分子量分布窄）, 又兼有非均相催化剂的优点（产物易于分离, 可用于淤浆聚合、气相聚合或本体聚合来制备几何形状均一的聚合物）[1]. 由于无机和有机载体都有某些特殊优点和一些弊端, 故将无机和有机载体复配, 以得到性能优越的复合载体已成为催化剂载体研究的一个重要方向.     

饱和烃C—H键的活化及其配位催化反应的研究——Ⅳ.Pt(Ⅱ)配合物催化活化饱和烃C—H键的催化活性的量子化学计算

在用有机过渡金属配合物作为催化剂活化饱和烃C—H键及选择性引入官能团的反应中,氧化加成是一个关键的基元反应,它能使反应底物的C—H键断裂,然后生成烷基金属氢化物,为小分子插入生成的金属—碳键,选择性引入官能团创造了必要的条件。最近,饱和烃氧化加成到低价有机金属配合物上得到了实验证明,可是迄今尚未对这一基元反应用量子化学方法进行研究。我们曾经对trans-PtHL_2X(L=PPh_3;X=Cl~-,Br~-,I~-)配合物催化活化饱和烃C—H键的活性进行了考察,催化活性按Cl~->Br~->I~-的顺序降低。对于这一结果难于用卤素原子的电负性来解释,因为在氧化加成反应中,催化剂中心金属的形式氧化数要增加2,而当卤素     

六元扩展卟啉的Zn2+,Cd2+,Hg2+单金属配合物的光电性质的理论研究

通过定域密度矩阵方法和含时密度泛函方法研究了六元扩展卟啉及其Zn,Cd和Hg单金属配合物的光电性质.通过计算得到扩展卟啉HP同金属Zn2+,Cd2+和Hg2+发生配位时,分子趋于平面化.配合物在Q带有弱得吸收峰,它们随着中心金属的原子序数的增加产生了红移.在B带有强吸收峰,其特征峰主要来自于中心金属离子的d轨道和同金属配位的C原子所处的吡咯环以及吡咯环两侧的meso-C原子上的苯基的参与.对于扩展卟啉极其配合物,定域密度矩阵方法也可以很好的预测光谱和电子跃迁性质.     

金属卟啉存在下芳醛氧化反应的研究

本文研究了在金属四苯基卟啉[Co(II)TPP,Fe(III)TPPCl,Mn(III)TPPCl,Zn(II)TPP,Cu(II)TP.TPP=四苯基卟啉]存在下,用氧气氧化芳醛的过程.测定了反应体系的吸氧动力学曲线;观察了氧化过程中金属卟啉的可见光谱的变化;研究了底物,金属卟啉在反应体系中的浓度以及溶剂等因素对反应的影响.结果发现,除能可逆键合分子氧的Co(II)TPP外,不具此种功能的Fe(III)TPPCl和Mn(III)TPPCl也能加速芳醛的氧化反应.然而,它们的催化作用是在金属四苯基卟啉与反应过程中积累起来的过酸作用,卟啉环遭到破坏后观察到的,此时可能形成了某种新的催化活性中心.金属卟啉本身对反应起抑制作用,它只是表观上的催化剂,其催化作用看来不应归结为对分子氧的活化.     

Trimanganese complexes bearing bidentate nitrogen ligands as a highly efficient catalyst precursor in the epoxidation of alkenes

A series of trinuclear manganese complexes coordinated with neutral bidentate nitrogen ligands, [Mn3L2(OAc)6], were prepared from manganese acetate and the corresponding ligands. Using peracetic acid as the oxidant, the air- and moisture-stable manganese clusters exhibited excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the epoxidation of olefins under mild conditions. The highest activity was observed with a trinuclear complex containing a 2-pyridylimino ligand, [Mn3(ppei)2(OAc)6] (ppei = 2-pyridinal-1-phenylethylimine). With this system, the substrate scope was extremely wide to include terminal and electron-deficient double bonds of both aliphatic and aromatic alkenes. The high activity was undiminished under the reaction conditions even directly using a mixture of the pyridylimino ligands and manganese acetates, making this process more convenient. It was also observed that analogous trinuclear complexes, such as [Mn3(bipy)2(OAc)6] and [Mn3(phen)2(OAc)6], displayed excellent activities. While radical intermediacy was inferred from the product distribution, kinetic data revealed that the epoxidation is roughly first-order in manganese cluster precursor and oxidant, respectively, and zero-order in olefin. These results led us to propose that the trinuclear complexes [Mn3L2(OAc)6] serve as catalyst precursors that dissociate into monomeric species with the formulation of [MnL2(OAc)2] under the reaction conditions.     

磷钨杂多酸类离子液体催化环戊烯选择性氧化制备戊二醛

以H_2O_2为氧化剂,将一系列磷钨杂多酸类离子液体用于催化环戊烯(CPE)选择性氧化制备戊二醛(GA)反应,筛选出催化活性最高的催化剂为[π-C_5H_5NC_(16)H_(33)]_3PW_4O_(16).分别探讨了溶剂种类、用量、催化剂用量、H_2O_2用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响.确定了优化的反应条件:5 mL乙酸乙酯,n(Cat.)∶n(H_2O_2)∶n(CPE)=0.03∶50∶33,35℃,18 h,环戊烯的转化率达100%,戊二醛的选择性达87%.催化剂[π-C_5H_5NC_(16)H_(33)]_3PW_4O_(16)循环使用7次后,戊二醛的选择性仍保持在80%以上.     

Zeolite-Y enslaved manganese(III) complexes as heterogeneous catalysts

Traditional catalytic procedures for oxidation of phenol produce environmentally undesirable wastes. As a consequence, there is a clear demand for development of an environmentally benign catalytic route for the selective oxidation of phenol. A series of zeolite-Y enslaved Mn(III) complexes with Schiff bases derived from vanillin furoic-2-carboxylic acid hydrazone (VFCH), vanillin thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazone (VTCH), ethylvanillin thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazone (EVTCH), and/or ethylvanillin furoic-2-carboxylic acid hydrazone have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical techniques. Catalytic oxidations of phenol using 30% H₂O₂ as an oxidant over [Mn(VTCH)₂·2H₂O]⁺-Y, [Mn(VFCH)₂·2H₂O]⁺-Y, and [Mn(EVTCH)₂·2H₂O]⁺-Y under mild conditions were studied. These zeolite-Y enslaved Mn(III) complexes are stable and recyclable under current reaction conditions.     

Efficient and Reusable Sn(II)‐containing Imidazolium‐based Ionic Liquid as a Catalyst for the Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

A simple and efficient catalytic system [BBIM]Br–SnCl₂ for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant has been developed. Reaction conditions such as the catalyst dose, the solvents, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions identified were 0.11 g of catalyst, no solvent, 65°C, 15 min, and 2 mmol of hydrogen peroxide. Oxidation of various alcohols was also investigated under the optimized conditions. The catalyst [BBIM]Br–SnCl₂ can be easily recovered and reused for six reaction runs without significant loss of catalytic activity, because the Sn species of the catalyst can be coordinated with the imidazole ring of the ionic liquid. The reused catalyst was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate its chemical properties. The results proved that the [BBIM]Br–SnCl₂ catalyst was stable and reusable for the oxidation reactions. A possible mechanism for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde is proposed.     

Oxidation of 2-imidazolines to 2-imidazoles with sodium periodate catalyzed by polystyrene-bound manganese(III) porphyrin

In the present work, the dehydrogenation of 2-substituted imidazolines with sodium periodate in the presence of tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese(III) chloride supported on polystyrene-bound imidazole, [Mn(TPP)Cl@PSI] is reported. A wide variety of 2-imidazolines were efficiently converted to their corresponding imidazoles by the [Mn(TPP)Cl@PSI]/NaIO₄ catalytic system in a 1:2 CH₃CN/H₂O mixture under agitation with magnetic stirring. Ultrasonic irradiation enhanced the catalytic activity of this catalyst in the oxidation of 2-imidazolines and this led to shorter reaction times and higher product yields. This catalyst could be reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.     

Heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions with a novel hybrid Cu–Mn–O catalyst for the degradation of benzophenone-3 in aqueous media

This study focuses on the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction performed over a novel hybrid Cu–Mn–O catalyst for the degradation of a model compound benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in aqueous media. The hybrid Cu–Mn–O catalysts with different Cu/Mn molar ratios were synthesized using co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, and their composition and morphology were characterized using XRD and SEM analyses. Key parameters including the Cu/Mn ratio in the synthesis, pH and titration of H₂O₂ were shown to significantly influence the degradation of BP-3. A hybrid catalyst with a chemical composition of Cu_1.4Mn_1.6O₄, Mn₃O₄, and Mn₂O₃ exhibiting a morphology of nanofibers and nanoparticles demonstrated the highest catalytic activity in the degradation of BP-3. After 240 min of degradation, 81.5% of BP-3 was removed, which could be mostly related to the presence of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH). Unlike the conventional Fenton reaction that performs well under highly acidic conditions, BP-3 can be degraded in a wider pH range (2.6–7.1) in the Fenton-like reaction presented herein. Considering the mild conditions used for this Fenton-like system, this novel hybrid catalyst remains promising for wastewater treatment.     

Synthesis, structure and catalase-like activity of dimanganese(III) complexes of 1,5-bis(X-salicylidenamino)pentan-3-ol (X = 3- and 5-methyl). Influence of phenyl-ring substituents on catalytic activity

The diMn(III) complexes [Mn2(5-Me-salpentO)(mu-MeO)(mu-AcO)(H2O)Br] (1) and [Mn2(3-Me-salpentO)(mu-MeO)(mu-AcO)(MeOH)2]Br (2), where salpentOH = 1,5-bis(salicylidenamino)pentan-3-ol, were synthesised and structurally characterized. The two complexes include a bis(micro-alkoxo)(micro-acetato) triply-bridged diMn(III) core with an Mn...Mn separation of 2.93-2.94 A, the structure of which is retained upon dissolution. Complexes 1 and 2 show catalytic activity toward disproportionation of H2O2, with first-order dependence on the catalyst, and saturation kinetics on [H2O2], in methanol and DMF. In DMF, the two complexes are able to disproportionate at least 1500 eq. of H2O2 without significant decomposition, while in methanol, they rapidly lose activity with formation of a non-coupled Mn(II) species. Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, EPR and UV/vis spectroscopy used to monitor the reaction suggest that the major active form of the catalyst occurs in the Mn2(III) oxidation state during cycling. The correlation between log(k(cat)) and the redox potentials of 1, 2 and analogous complexes of other X-salpentOH derivatives indicates that, in this series, the oxidation of the catalyst is probably the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle. It is also noted that formation of the catalyst-peroxide adduct is more sensitive to steric effects in DMF than in methanol. Overall, kinetics and spectroscopic studies of H2O2 dismutation by these complexes converge at a catalytic cycle that involves the Mn2(III) and Mn2(IV) oxidation states.     

Mn(III)–pentadentate Schiff base complex supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as a green,mild and heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans via tandem Knoevenagel–Michael cyclocondensation reaction

Mn(III)–pentadentate Schiff base complex supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as a recyclable and reusable, green and nano‐heterogeneous catalyst was designed and fully characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy , inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A facile, eco‐friendly, mild and green procedure was developed for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b ]pyrans via tandem Knoevenagel–Michael cyclocondensation reactions between aromatic aldehydes, 1,3‐diones and malononitrile using a catalytic amount of Mn(III)–pentadentate Schiff base complex supported on MWCNTs as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. This process has the advantages of easy availability, stability, recyclability and eco‐friendliness of the catalyst, short reaction times, high to excellent yields and simple work‐up procedure.     

铜对Mn/Al_2O_3氨还原SO_2到单质硫催化性能的影响

ＳＯ2 是危害最为严重的大气污染物之一 ,也是造成酸雨的元凶。将ＳＯ2 选择性还原为单质硫 ,既能消除ＳＯ2 对环境的污染 ,又能回收单质硫 ,具有特别重要的意义。根据所用的还原剂的不同 ,催化还原ＳＯ2 到单质硫可分为Ｈ2 、炭、烃类 (主要是ＣＨ4 )、ＣＯ和ＮＨ3还原法[1] 。氨还原法是基于氨的催化分解生成Ｎ2 和Ｈ2 混合气 ,其中的Ｈ2 再还原ＳＯ2 到硫和Ｈ2 Ｓ ,然后进行高温Ｃｌａｕｓ反应生成单质硫。Ｐａｉｋ[2 ] 等以第四周期过渡金属硫化物载于Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 作为催化剂 ,研究了Ｈ2 还原ＳＯ2 为单质硫的反应 ,认为过渡金属硫化物是…     

Palladium-catalyzed regiospecific aminocarbonylation of alkynes in the ionic liquid [bmim][Tf2N

[Structure: see text] Regiospecific construction of 2-substituted acrylamides was achieved by palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of alkynes in the ionic liquid [bmim][Tf2N] without any acid additive under relatively mild conditions. The ionic liquid was used as the reaction medium and also acted as a promoter. Acrylamides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields, and an important feature is that the catalyst system can be recycled five times without loss of catalytic activity.