2-巯基吡啶质子迁移过程的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311G**基组水平上,计算并考察了2-巯基吡啶分子硫醇式结构和硫酮式结构进行结构互变质子迁移过程中的4种可能途径:(a)分子内质子迁移,(b)水助质子迁移,(c)同种二聚体双质子迁移和(d)异种二聚体间双质子迁移.计算结果表明,途经c所需要的活化能最小(9.73 kJ.mol-1,逆反应则为55.28 kJ.mol-1),而过程a所需要的活化能最大(106.02 kJ.mol-1),途径b和d的活化能居中间(分别为32.05和15.91 kJ.mol-1).研究还表明,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要的作用.     

4(3H)-嘧啶酮及其类似物互变异构的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311G**基组水平上,计算并考察了4(3H)-嘧啶酮及其类似物(5-氟-4(3H)-嘧啶酮、4-巯基嘧啶和5-氟-4-巯基嘧啶)醇式结构和酮式结构进行结构互变质子迁移过程中的2种可能途径:(a)分子内质子迁移;(b)水助质子迁移.计算结果表明,途经b所需要的活化能较小.研究还表明,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要的作用.     

3-氨基-2-吡啶酮互变异构的密度泛函理论计算

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-3 l1G**基组水平上,计算并考察了3-氨基-2-吡啶酮分子酮式和烯醇式结构进行结构互变的质子迁移过程中的2种可能途径:(a)分子内质子迁移,(b)水助质子迁移.计算结果表明,途经b所需要的活化能较小,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要作用.     

2-羟基咪唑在气相和水中的异构平衡和质子迁移的从头算计算和Monte Carlo模拟

采用从头算方法在MP2/6-31＋G^*水平上研究了2-羟基咪唑分子在孤立分子和一水合物的异构体的相对稳定性和可能的质子迁移反应, 分析了一个水分子的参与对2-羟基咪唑分子异构体的相对稳定性和质子迁移速率的影响, 采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了反应体系在水溶液中反应的溶剂化效应. 结果表明: 2-羟基咪唑分子的孤立分子和一水合物的最稳定异构体相同, 都为酮式. 直接质子迁移反应在水溶液中活化能垒有轻微增加, 但产物能量得到降低; 水助催化质子迁移反应在水溶液中的活化能垒和产物能量都得到明显降低. 综合气相和水相的计算结果, 2-羟基咪唑水助催化的质子迁移反应较易进行, 且在水溶液中进行容易, 可以很容易被实验观察到.     

新型苯并噁唑(噻唑)衍生物的合成与表征

通过N-氯乙酰或N、N＇-二氯乙酰取代的含氮杂环中间体，4，5-二氯-2-苯基-3-哒嗪酮分别与2-巯基苯并噁唑和2-巯基苯并噻唑反应，合成了8个未见文献报道的苯并噁唑和苯并噻唑衍生物，其结构经^1H NMR，IR，MS及元素分析确认。     

新型1,3,4-噁二唑-2-硫酮衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以手性氨基酸和间甲基苯甲酸(或苯乙酸)为原料,经酯化、缩合、肼解和环合反应合成了12个新型的1,3,4-噁二唑-2-硫酮衍生物(6a~6f或7a~7f),其结构经1H NMR,FT-IR和ESI-MS表征。用MTT法研究了6和7的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明:(2S)-5-(3-甲基苯甲酰胺基)苯乙基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-硫酮(6f)和(2S)-5-(2-羟基-苯乙酰胺基)乙基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-硫酮(7b)对红白血病细胞(K562)抑制活性较好。     

2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑分子内质子转移的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上研究了2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑气态中五种异构体(E1, E2, E3, E4和K)在气态中的稳定性及其在基态下的质子转移, 同时结合极化连续介质模型(PCM)研究了水、二甲亚砜、乙腈、乙醇、苯胺和环己烷等对2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑溶剂化作用的影响. 研究结果表明, 醇式异构体E1为2-(2-巯苯基)苯并噁唑的优势构型; 在E1向K(酮式异构体)转变过程中, 存在一个较小的能垒; 当考虑零点振动能(ZPVE)后, 逆向能垒消失. 在溶液中, 随着溶剂极性的增强, 醇式异构体E1与K之间的反应平衡向K方向移动, 在非极性溶剂环己烷中, E1为优势构型, 而在强极性水溶液中, K为优势构型.     

基于磷钼酸和2-(2-羟基苯)苯并咪唑复合物的晶体结构和质子导电性(英文)

以磷钼酸和2-(2-羟基苯)苯并咪唑(L)为原料制备了具有质子导电性的有机-无机化合物[H3L2(PMo12O40)·7H2O·4CH3OH]n(1).单晶X射线衍射分析结果表明化合物1具有基于磷钼酸、2-(2-羟基苯)苯并咪唑及溶剂甲醇分子的二维氢键网络结构;质子导电性能测试结果表明该化合物在100℃、相对湿度为98%时的电导率达到10-4 S·cm-1.     

2-(3-巯基-2-吡啶基)苯并咪唑分子内质子转移及溶剂化效应

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)和TD B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)//CIS/6-31G(d,p)水平上,研究了2-(3-巯基-2-吡啶基)苯并咪唑(MPyBI)在气相和七种溶剂(环己烷、苯、三氯甲烷、乙醇、乙腈、二甲亚砜和水)中基态和激发态的分子内质子转移(GSIPT和ESIPT)过程.在基态势能面的研究中发现,该化合物存在分子内双质子转移,其中分步的双质子转移在动力学上具有优势.同时对激发态质子转移势能面及激发态转移过程中的光物理现象进行了研究,结果表明该化合物存在快速的无能垒的激发态分子内质子转移,随着溶剂极性的增强,可以降低基态过渡态的能垒,改变硫醇式与硫酮式互变异构体的比例,从而灵敏地控制荧光的强度.     

2,6-硫代黄嘌呤质子互变异构反应机理的理论研究

在密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G~(**)理论水平上,对气相和水相中2,6-硫代黄嘌呤各烯醇式与酮式水助质子互变异构体及其过渡态进行几何构型全自由度优化,获得它们在气相和水相中的几何结构和电子结构,PCM反应场溶剂模型用于水相计算.结果显示在气相和水相中,水参与反应降低了互变异构质子迁移的反应活化能,对互变异构质子迁移的反应起到催化作用,但是没有改变各异构体的稳定性顺序,其顺序为W1＞W3＞W2.进一步研究了2,6-硫代黄嘌呤各烯醇式与酮式水助质子互变异构的反应机理,提出了2,6-硫代黄嘌呤各烯醇式与酮式互变异构质子迁移的反应为平面六元环的过渡态结构.探讨了溶剂化效应对互变异构体的几何结构、能量、电荷分布以及互变异构反应活化能的影响等.     

别嘌醇质子迁移过程的理论研究

别嘌醇(Allopurinol)是次黄嘌呤的位置异构体,是唯一在临床上应用的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂.     

Tautomerization of pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-B]quinoline-12-ylcyanide: A DFT study

The titled imidazo compound can exist as three tautomers: OH, CH, and NH forms. Firstly, the OH tautomer is produced, which can be tautomerized to the CH and NH tautomers via the intramolecularproton transfer. Herein, employing density functional theory and handling the solvent effects with the PCM model, the structural parameters, energy behavior, and also tautomerization mechanism of the tautomers are investigated. Based on the DFT results and the obtained-AIM parameters, the CH tautomer is considered to be the most stable one. Also, the CH tautomer is a kinetically and thermodynamically controlled product in tautomerization of the OH tautomer in a methanol solution.     

Dimerization and double proton transfer-induced tautomerism of 4(3H)-pyrimidinone in solution studied by IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations

The tautomerism and dimerization of 4(3H)-pyrimidinone (4(3H)Pyr) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and chloroform (CHCl3) solutions were investigated using IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The observed IR spectra in the NH and OH stretching regions clearly revealed the predominance of the keto tautomer in both solvent systems. The enol form only exists in a very small proportion in the CCl4 solution. The tautomeric constant for the two monomers KT[OH/NH] = 0.012 and DeltaE = 2.62 kcal/mol were estimated at 25 degrees C. This result was supported by the self-consistent reaction field/polarizable continuum (SCRF/PCM) calculation at the MP4(full, SDQ)/aug-cc-pVDZ level, which predicted DeltaE = 3.06 kcal/mol in CCl4. In the C=O stretching region, two bands were observed, suggesting the coexistence of two keto structures at equilibrium. The calculated IR spectra indicated that the bands at 1711 and 1675 cm(-1) arise from the keto monomer and keto-keto (KK) ring dimer, respectively. At elevated temperature, the populations of both the keto and enol monomers increased for the CCl4 solution. The present study revealed that the keto <--> enol tautomerization does not occur in the isolated monomer molecule. The double proton transfer (DPT) reaction in the KK ring dimer presumably plays a substantial role in the population increase of the enol monomer. To our knowledge, this may be the first observation of the tautomerization in a model base pair via the temperature-induced ground-state DPT reaction under a nonpolar liquid environment reported so far. This tautomerism can serve as a mimic circumstance for the spontaneous mutations induced by proton transfer in the DNA base pairs.     

A theoretical study of solvent effects on tautomerism and electronic absorption spectra of 3-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyridine and 2,3-dihydroxypyridine

The tautomerization equilibria of 3-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyridine (HMP) and 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) in vacuo and in ethanol solution have been studied using the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31Gd level. The results indicate that the thione form of HMP and the keto form of DHP are the most stable tautomers in the equilibrium, and the energy barrier for the thiol-thione and enol-keto proton transfer decreases significantly when the tautomerism is mediated by a specific ethanol molecule in solution. The time-dependent density functional theory--polarizable continuum model (TDDFT-PCM) calculations on all tautomers of HMP and DHP in vacuo and in ethanol have assigned the lowest pi --> pi* excitations of thione and keto tautomers to the observed absorption bands of HMP and DHP in solutions. The solvation is predicted to have relatively small effect on these pi --> pi* excitations in ethanol.     

Ab initio study of the tautomerism of 2,5-substituted diazoles

Detailed investigation of the tautomerism of oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, and selenadiazoles containing hydroxy, mercapto, or selenyl groups in position 2 and 5 of the five-membered ring was carried out at MP2, MP4, and CCSD(T) levels of theory. The relative stabilities of the tautomers of the heterocycles were investigated in gas phase. It is found that the dioxo form is the preferred tautomer if the exocyclic group is hydroxy. If the exocyclic group is mercapto or selenyl group the most stable tautomer is the mixed mercapto/thione or selenyl/selone form. The barriers of intramolecular proton transfer are too large and tautomerization should not occur.     

Solvent-assisted intramolecular proton transfer in thiopurinol: application of M06-2X functional

All available conformers of tisopurine as an important pharmaceutical molecule are optimized and frequency calculations calculated at M06-2X/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory. These conformers are classified in 22 different tautomers, tautomer Z showing the most stable tautomer in the gas phase. Effects of four different solvents on the most stable conformer of each tautomer is calculated. Solvents cause stabilization of all conformers and relative solvent stabilization is as follows: water > DMSO > acetone > toluene. Energy profile for such stabilization is illustrated and mechanism of proton transfer studied at the same level of theory. Solvent-assisted proton transfer performed when water and methanol used as solvents. Results indicate that explicit solvent effect has much more stabilization on tautomerization processes compared to implicit solvent effect.     

2-硫代黄嘌呤互变异构体的密度泛函理论计算

在密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G**水平上,对14种气相和水相中可能存在的2-硫代黄嘌呤互变异构体进行了几何构型全自由度优化,并计算出它们的总能量、焓、熵、吉布斯自由能.Onsager反应场溶剂模型用于水相的计算.计算结果表明,2-硫代黄嘌呤在气相和水相中主要以酮式结构形式存在,与已有实验结果一致.在气相和水相中,酮式结构—N(7)(H)均比酮式结构—N(9)(H)更稳定.2-硫代黄嘌呤互变异构的熵效应小,对互变异构平衡没有显著的影响,而焓变对互变异构却产生了主要的影响.水溶剂化自由能与异构体的气相偶极矩存在相关性.另外,较详细地考察了2-硫代黄嘌呤与6-硫代黄嘌呤的相对稳定性.