三维碳微米管/碳纳米管复合结构的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

利用天然生物质杨絮特殊的管状结构通过简单的高温碳化法制备出碳微米管(CMTs). 将所得到的碳微米管作为基底, 采用化学气相沉积法制备出三维结构的碳微米管/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪对其进行了详细分析. 通过两电极测试体系对其超级电容性能进行测试, 碳微米管/碳纳米管复合电极在1 mol·L^-1Li₂SO₄电解液中的比电容值可达77 F·g^-1, 远大于碳微米管的比电容值(23 F·g^-1).     

通过简单方法合成先驱体并利用电纺法制备BCN微米空心球

以三氯硼吖嗪(B3N3H3Cl3)和苯胺在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶剂中合成的聚合物为电纺液,由改进的电纺设备制备具有六方结构的BCN微米球。通过控制纺丝电压来控制BCN球体的直径。对其进行元素分析,并通过扫描电子显微镜,能量色散谱,X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱进行表征。结果表明BCN微米空心球表面微凹,直径在10~30μm之间。硼碳氮间的比例约为1∶1.12∶0.94。     

三层同轴静电纺丝技术制备TiO2@SiO2同轴双壁亚微米管及光催化性能研究

采用三层同轴静电纺丝技术,以钛酸丁酯、正硅酸乙酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、无水乙醇、芝麻油、山梨糖醇酐油酸酯和氯仿为原料,成功制备出TiO2@SiO2同轴双壁亚微米管.用差热–热重分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱仪对样品进行了表征.结果表明,得到的产物为TiO2@SiO2同轴双壁亚微米管,以非晶态SiO2为外壳,晶态金红石型TiO2为内壁,同轴双壁亚微米管平均直径约680 nm,管壁厚约70 nm、内壁厚约40 nm、外壳厚约30 nm,长度大于20μm,对其形成机理进行了分析.同轴双壁亚微米管对罗丹明B显示了较好的光催化活性.     

纺锤形BiVO_4微米管:低温离子熔盐合成及光催化性能

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O和NH_4VO_3为原料,以氯化胆碱和尿素组成的低温离子熔盐为反应介质,采用离子热合成法成功制备出了具有纺锤状外形的BiVO_4微米管。利用XRD,SEM,UV-Vis DRS,光催化测试等手段考察了BiVO_4颗粒的物相、形貌和光催化性能。结果表明,在离子熔盐环境下可以制备出结晶良好的BiVO_4纺锤形微米管,该BiVO_4微米管长10～15μm,直径为1.5μm左右,管壁厚约为200 nm。同时,研究了pH值对BiVO_4颗粒物相与形貌的影响,发现随着pH值的变化可分别合成出具有柱状、纺锤形微米管、柱状微米管和针柱状单斜相BiVO_4颗粒。光催化测试结果表明,这些单斜白钨矿BiVO_4颗粒在可见光范围都具有一定的光催化活性,其中纺锤状微米管对罗丹明B的降解效果最佳,可见光照射4.5h后罗丹明B的降解率可达到93%。     

YVO_4/Eu~(3+)微米棒的固相合成及其发光性能

以Y2O3、Eu2O3和NH4VO3为初始原料,用Na2CO3作助熔剂,采用高温固相法成功制备出棒状YVO4/Eu3+荧光粉;利用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜、荧光光谱仪等分析了产物的结构、形貌和发光特性,并探讨了其生长机理.结果表明:YVO4/Eu3+属于四方锆石型结构,空间群为I41/amd;其形貌为微米棒状,平均直径约0.20μm,平均长度约1.16μm.在395nm紫外光激发下,YVO4/Eu3+荧光粉能发出Eu3+的特征红色荧光,发射主峰位于616nm,归属于Eu3+离子的5 D0→7F2电偶极跃迁.     

微波合成ZnO微米"花"

以硝酸锌为锌源,乙醇胺为矿化剂,水为溶剂,微波加热20 min,合成了由微米棒自组装而成的ZnO微米"花" (1),其结构和形貌经X-射线衍射、场扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征.结果表明,1由六棱柱形的微米棒自组装而成,微米棒长度1 μm～1.5 μm,直径300 nm～500 nm.     

碳酸钙微米球的制备与表征

采用醋酸钙和碳酸钠为原料,在反应温度为5℃和柠檬酸三钠质量百分浓度为15%的条件下,采用沉淀法合成出了粒度为1～4μm、分散性好的球形碳酸钙粉体。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)、原子力扫描探针显微镜(ASPM)、光学显微镜、粒度分析仪等对样品进行了表征,并用光学显微镜跟踪考察了碳酸钙微米球的形成过程。结果表明,碳酸钙微米球是由大量纳米级颗粒组装而成。     

聚苯胺内方形微米管和方形微米棒的可控制备和结构

以柠檬酸为掺杂剂、过硫酸铵为氧化剂,通过改变苯胺单体的浓度实现了聚苯胺微/纳米结构的可控的自组装制备.在较高苯胺单体浓度时,自组装得到具有内方形的导电态聚苯胺微米管,其直径约为580~300nm,管壁厚约为80 nm.而在极稀的苯胺单体浓度时,自组装得到正方形横截面的方形微米棒,其横截面的边长约为690~290 nm,长度约为1~40μm.结构表征结果证明,所得的微米方形棒是N—N单键结合的聚氮烷;而延长聚合反应时间,则可得到本征态聚苯胺微米管.     

二氧化锰微米球制备及其于超级电容器的应用

利用KMnO4氧化MnCO3微米球前躯体制备MnO2微米球.X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)法等测试表明:该MnO2微米球由弱结晶α-MnO2构成,粒径为0.5~2μm.测试样品的MnO2微米球载量为5 mg.cm-2时,在2 mol.L-1(NH4)2SO4溶液中表现出良好的电容性能:其于2 mV.s-1的扫速下比电容达到了135.6 F.g-1;即使是100 mV.s-1的高扫速,比电容仍保持为118.8 F.g-1.500次循环过程中充放电效率保持在87.8%以上.第500次循环的比电容为110.5 F.g-1.     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱评议报告

管激发X射线荧光光谱仪大致分为二类:一类为波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪(以下简称WDXRF或TWDXRF);另一类为能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(以下简称EDXRF或TEDXRF)。WDXRF产生于50年代,经历了几十年的发展,现已逐步完善。最新生产的WDXRF谱仪可测元素从硼到铀,测定轻     

Structure of Ir-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> coatings obtained by chemical vapor deposition in the hydrogen atmosphere

Chemical vapor deposition is used to obtain Ir and Ir-Al₂O₃ coatings with a thickness of up to 5 μm and growth rate of 2.5 μm/h on steel substrates previously covered with an alumina layer. Tris-acetylacetonates of Ir(III) and Al(III) are used as precursors. The deposition process is carried out at the atmospheric pressure in the presence of hydrogen. The coatings obtained are studied by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A dependence of the structure and composition of coatings on their preparation conditions is found.     

具有辐射聚合能力的HfO2/SiO2溶胶-凝胶玻璃的制备及其X射线光刻性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了一种新颖的具有辐射聚合能力的HfO2/SiO2凝胶薄膜. 并采用X射线作曝光光源对薄膜进行了曝光, 通过FTIR的测试, 分析了薄膜曝光前后的结构变化. 结果表明, 该材料具有良好的辐射聚合能力. 采用XPS分析了薄膜的成分, 并证实了Hf元素的存在. 用椭偏仪测试了薄膜的折射率, 结果证实, 加入HfO2提高了体系的折射率. 利用其辐射聚合能力, 采用X射线通过掩模板进行曝光, 利用曝光部分与未曝光部分在溶剂中的溶解度差, 在薄膜上制备了高为0.8 μm、周期为1 μm的衍射光栅, 进一步证实了材料具有良好的辐射聚合能力.     

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Dioxide by Direct-Current Corona Discharges in Dry Air Containing Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Vapor: Measurement of the Deposition Rate

Experiments in a positive-polarity, wire/plate electrode establish the effects of the concentration of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (150–1100 ppm) and the operating current (0.5–2.55 μA/cm length of wire) on the rate of deposition of silicon dioxide on the high voltage wire. The wire is 100 μm radius tungsten and the wire-to-plate spacing is 1.5 cm. Analyses of the deposit with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that it is amorphous silicon dioxide. The deposition rate increases linearly with increasing silicone concentration and corona current. For the concentrations of silicone likely to present in indoor air, the gas-phase processes limit the rate of deposition.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rhombus-like SmCO3OH Microplates and Its Photoluminescence Property Doped with Eu3+

Rhombus-like SmCO₃OH microplates with the edge lengths ranging from 5 μm to 10 μm and the thickness about 1.5 μm were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method using urea as the precipitance. The structure and properties of the rhombus-like SmCO₃OH microplates were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical property of the rhombus-like SmCO₃OH microplates doped with Eu³⁺ was investigated by photoluminescence. A broad and strong emission band at 677 nm was obtained, which can be contributed to producing light conversion film.     

低温合成樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺微管的电化学电容行为

在低温条件下合成了长约为2-3 μm, 外径约为300-400 nm 的樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺微管. 扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)显示, 生成的聚苯胺微管管径受樟脑磺酸浓度的影响, 高浓度的掺杂剂有利于管状聚苯胺的形成. 采用交流阻抗、循环伏安、恒流充放电等测试技术对不同产物的电化学电容行为进行了研究, 结果表明, 苯胺单体与樟脑磺酸的摩尔比为1:1时所得掺杂态聚苯胺电极具有较好的循环稳定性, 单电极比电容达到522 F·g-1.     

手性环境下的手性N-取代吡咯电化学聚合及其微结构

在 (S) (+) 樟脑磺酸 ((S) (+) CSA)或 (R) (- ) 樟脑磺酸 ((R) (- ) CSA)的存在下 ,电化学聚合了手性吡咯衍生物 (S) (+) (1H 吡咯基 )丙酸甲酯 (M(+)PyPr) .用电化学、红外、拉曼、X光电子能谱及圆二色谱 (CD)对聚合物进行了表征 ,并用电化学方法测试了聚合物膜的手性识别性质 .同时 ,恒电流及恒电位电解聚合制得了直立于电极表面的导电高聚物微米带     

Length-controllable catalyzing-synthesis and length-corresponding properties of FeCo/Pt nanorods

Newly designed magnetic-alloy/noble-metal FeCo/Pt nanorods have been first reported and fabricated through a length-controllable catalyzing-synthesis process in which the growth of FeCo nanorods was induced on Pt nanotips. The length of FeCo/Pt nanorods depends on the number of platinum nanotips. The proposed synthesis mechanism was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With the decrease of Fe content in Fe(x)Co(96-x)/Pt(4) nanoalloys from 77 to 15, the morphology changes from nanorods with different lengths to nanoparticles. The analysis of the magnetic hysteresis loops indicated that the magnetic saturation and coercivity were strongly dependent on the length of the nanorods in which maximum saturation magnetization and minimum coercivity were obtained for Fe(77)Co(19)/Pt(4) nanorods with the length of ～2.5 μm. In particular, FeCo/Pt exhibited length-dependent reactivity towards 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and Fe(77)Co(19)/Pt(4) nanorods with the length of ～2.5 μm yielded the greatest dechlorination rate. Moreover, Pt can enhance the dechlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.     

A Green and Mild Approach of Synthesis of Highly-Conductive Graphene Film by Zn Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide

We report a simple and green approach to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets at room temperature based on Zn reduction of exfoliated GO. The evolution of GO to RGO has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen in the RGO can be tuned from 1.67 to 13.7 through controlling the reduction time. Moreover, the conductivity of the RGO is measured to be 26.9±2.2 kS/m, much larger than those previously obtained by chemical reduction through other reducing agents. More importantly, the resistance of the RGO film with 20 nm thick-ness can be as low as 2 kΩ/square, while a high transparency over 70% within a broad spectral range from 0.45 μm to 1.50 μm can be retained. The proposed method is low-cost, eco-friendly and highly-effcient, the as-prepared thinner RGO films are useful in a variety of potential application fields such as optoelectronics, photovoltaics and electrochemistry by serving as an ultralight, flexible and transparent electrode material.     

同轴静电纺丝再经两步后处理制备PAN基中空碳纤维

采用聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液作为壳层,甲基硅油作为芯层,利用同轴静电纺丝技术制备出外径为3μm的同轴PAN复合纤维,经过预氧化和炭化后可以制得直径约为1μm的中空碳纤维.采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察中空纤维形貌.傅立叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)表征了热处理前后纤维成分变化.分析了同轴射流结构、芯液/壳液流速比Vin/Vout对中空结构的影响.研究表明,同轴内针尖伸出外针尖的距离Zp是影响同轴射流形成的主要因素,伸出长度Zp约为外针孔半径rout的1/2时得到同轴射流,Zp>0.7rout时从冠状锥体周围产生许多射流,不能在锥顶部形成同轴射流.芯液/壳液流速比Vin/Vout对中空结构的形成有较大影响,当Vin/Vout=0.5时得到多孔纤维,增大芯液流速,当Vin/Vout=1时得到中空纤维,继续增大Vin/Vout=2时得不到同轴射流.