LaMnxFe1-xO3催化剂的制备及其对甲烷燃烧的催化性能

采用共沉淀法,以（NH₄）₂CO₃为沉淀剂制备钙钛矿型催化剂LaMn_xFe_1-xO₃（x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0）,其结构和性能经XRD、 BET、 H₂-TPR、 SEM和TG-DSC表征。以催化甲烷燃烧为目标反应,考察了其催化性能,研究不同量离子掺杂对催化剂性能影响。结果表明：随着Mn离子掺杂量增加,催化剂的比表面积先变大后变小;LaMn_0.2Fe_0.8O₃的比表面积为42.1 m²·g^-1,催化活性最好,起燃温度T_l0%为400 ℃,完全转化温度T_90%为550 ℃。     

LaFe1-xNixO3甲烷燃烧催化剂的制备及其性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备单钙钛矿型催化剂LaFe_1-xNi_xO₃（x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0）系列催化剂,其结构和性能经XRD、 BET、 H₂-TPR和TG-DSC。以催化甲烷燃烧为目标反应,考察不同Ni₂₊掺杂量对催化活性的影响。结果表明：不同掺杂量的Ni₂₊对该系列催化剂性能影响较大,催化活性均呈现先变大后变小的趋势,其中LaFe_0.6Ni_0.4O₃催化剂的比表面积为13.4 m₂·g^-1,催化活性最好,起燃温度T_10%为402 ℃,完全转化温度T_90%为542 ℃。     

钙钛矿SrFe1-xMnxO3催化剂:共沉淀法制备及催化甲烷燃烧的性能

通过共沉淀法制备了SrFe1-xMnxO3钙钛矿催化剂。用XRD、TPR和TG-DSC技术对催化剂进行了物理性能表征,以甲烷催化燃烧为目标反应表征其催化性能,通过BET模型计算了其比表面积,通过阿伦尼乌斯方程计算了反应的表观活化能。结果表明用共沉淀法制备钙钛矿催化剂经700℃焙烧4 h后可以形成完整的钙钛矿晶型,样品都具有高的催化性能,但随着锰离子的掺杂,催化剂活性明显提高,其中SrMnO3催化剂具有较高甲烷催化燃烧活性,起燃温度T10%为435℃,至457℃甲烷完全转化。     

镧钴镍复合氧化物催化剂的制备及催化甲烷燃烧活性研究

采用共沉淀法制备LaNi_(1-x)Co_xO_3系列催化剂(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0),研究B位离子Co的掺杂对钙钛矿LaNiO_3催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、比表面积测定、程序升温还原、扫描电镜、热重分析等对催化剂的结构和性能进行考察。以催化甲烷燃烧为目标,考察了催化剂的性能。研究结果表明,Co离子的掺杂会改变钙钛矿的晶型结构,改善催化活性,当x=0.8时,LaNi_(0.2)Co_(0.8)O_3的催化甲烷燃烧活性最高,其比表面积为22.4 m~2·g~(-1),T_(10%)(起燃温度)为475℃,T_(90%)(完全转化温度)为610℃。     

尿素加入量对水热合成法制备Mn取代六铝酸盐催化剂的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了Mn取代的镧六铝酸盐催化剂.研究了尿素加入量对所制备催化剂的化学组成、相结构、孔结构及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)(其中M⁺为带单位正电荷的金属离子)为1.0时,Mn²⁺离子沉淀不完全,所得催化剂甲烷催化燃烧活性较低.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)增加到2.0时,Mn²⁺离子沉淀完全,催化剂中六铝酸盐相增加,平均孔直径增大,甲烷催化燃烧活性提高.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)再增加至4.0时,比表面积降低,六铝酸盐相减少,平均孔直径降低,甲烷催化燃烧活性下降.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)为2.0时,所制备的催化剂在780℃及反应生成水蒸汽下运行100h,催化剂比表面积及甲烷燃烧活性都保持稳定.     

钙钛矿型甲醇水蒸气重整制氢催化材料的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了钙钛矿复合氧化物, 负载氧化铜后得钙钛矿负载型催化材料, 通过XRD (X射线衍射分析)、BET(比表面积测试)、H₂-TPR(程序升温还原分析)、XPS (X射线光电子能谱)等手段对催化材料进行了表征, 考察了不同种类钙钛矿负载纳米铜催化材料的结构、性质对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响. 结果显示, 钙钛矿负载纳米铜催化材料的催化活性主要与催化剂的铜比表面积、表面晶格氧缺位以及活性组分和载体间的相互作用有关. 其中, CuO/LaCrO₃钙钛矿负载型催化材料的表面氧空穴含量较多, 活性组分与载体间相互作用较强, 因此催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢活性较好. 当反应温度为360 ℃时, CuO/LaCrO₃钙钛矿型催化剂并未出现明显失活现象, 甲醇转化率为98.6%, 产氢速率为694.9 mL•kg_cat ^–1•s ^–1.     

制备方法对锰Mn掺杂钾六铝酸盐催化剂催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响

以甲烷催化燃烧为目标反应,通过共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法和反相微乳液法制备了Mn掺杂六铝酸盐催化剂,用XRD和TG-DTA技术对催化剂进行了物理性能表征,通过BET模型计算了其比表面积。结果说明3种方法所制备催化剂经1 200℃焙烧4h后均可以形成完整的六铝酸盐晶型,同时都具有高的催化性能和高温稳定性,其中反相微乳液法制备的K2MnAl11O19催化剂具有较高的比表面积和甲烷催化燃烧活性,起燃温度T10%为458℃,至676℃甲烷完全转化。     

不同离子掺杂对镧六铝酸盐催化剂结构及其甲烷燃烧性能的影响

采用反相微乳液-共沉淀法制备了镧系六铝酸盐催化剂。体系中TX-100 作为表面活性剂,正己醇作为助表面活性剂,环己烷作为油相。分别用Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Mg离子作为活性组分进行掺杂。通过X射线衍射、比表面积分析和扫描电镜等实验技术及甲烷燃烧对催化剂的结构和性质进行考察。结果表明,Fe离子和Mn离子共同掺杂所制备的催化剂LaMnFeAl₁0O₁9-δ具有较高的催化活性,起燃温度T₁0%为477℃,至674℃ 90%甲烷转化。     

MnOδ催化剂的制备及对柴油机尾气炭烟颗粒燃烧的催化性能

基于氧化锰(MnO_x)催化剂优异的氧化还原性能,采用水热法制备了一系列具有层状结构的MnO_δ催化剂,并对其物化性能进行了表征.研究了水热反应温度、煅烧温度以及原料组成对催化剂晶体结构、形貌和氧化还原性能的影响,并将MnO_δ催化剂应用于柴油机尾气炭烟颗粒的催化燃烧.结果表明,当水热反应时间为12 h,煅烧温度为550℃,反应原料中KOH和K₂CO₃同时存在时,所制备的MnO_δ-t₁₂催化剂具有最佳的催化燃烧炭烟颗粒的活性, T₁₀, T₅₀和T₉₀值分别为274, 321和354℃.     

不同制备方法的Mn-Ce催化剂低温SCR性能研究

采用新型共沉淀法、浸渍法以及沉淀沉积法制备基于Mn-Ce的催化剂. 对比60～160 ℃温度区间内三种方法制备的催化剂的低温选择性催化还原NO性能. 运用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等对催化剂的形貌与性质进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 共沉淀法制备的Mn-Ce/TiO₂有更好的低温催化还原NO活性. 影响沉淀法低温催化还原NO活性的主要因素是催化剂的表面积、活性组分的分布以及Mn与Ti之间的内在作用.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.