尼达尼布的合成新方法

以N-甲基-4-硝基苯胺作为起始原料,依次经氯乙酰化、取代及氢化还原反应制得关键中间体N-(4-氨基苯基)-甲基-2-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)乙酰胺（4）;以4-氯-3-硝基苯甲酸为原料,依次经酯化、取代、氢化还原及环合反应制得6-甲氧羰基-2-吲哚酮（8）; 8与原苯甲酸三乙酯和乙酸酐经“一锅煮”反应制得中间体1-乙酰基-3-甲氧基(苯基)亚甲烯基-2-氧代吲哚环-6-羧酸甲酯（9）; 4和9进行取代反应的同时脱除保护,经“一锅煮”反应合成尼达尼布,总收率57.2%,其结构经¹H NMR,¹³C NMR和MS(ESI)确证。     

胡椒酸己二胺的合成

以胡椒碱为起始原料,与KOH反应生成胡椒酸钾盐,经酸化后制得胡椒酸(2); 2与乙醇经酯化反应制得胡椒酸乙酯(3); 3与己二胺在金属钠催化下经氨解反应合成了胡椒酸己二胺(4),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和IR确证。合成4的最佳反应条件为：催化剂用量2 wt%, n(3):n(己二胺)=0.6, m(乙醇):m(3)=2.5,于65～75 ℃反应48 h,收率83.5%。该工艺在微型实验基础上放大十倍,收率大于79%。     

4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉的合成研究

以4-苯基-8-硝基喹啉为起始原料,经还原得到4-苯基-8-氨基喹啉,再以I2/KI为氧化剂,在乙酸和盐酸的存在下,用Skraup法合成了4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉.化合物结构经IR和1H NMR得到了证实.实验研究得到了最佳的合成条件为:n(3-氯苯丙酮)∶n(4-苯基-8-氨基喹啉)=1.5∶1,I2/KI用量为8%,反应温度120℃,反应时间2.5 h.产品收率可达82%.     

新型4-羟基香豆素烯醚衍生物的合成

氮气保护下,以4-羟基香豆素类化合物和2-丁炔酸酯类化合物为原料,1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)为催化剂,乙腈为溶剂,经Michael加成反应合成了11个新型4-羟基香豆素烯醚衍生物（3a~3k）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS（ESI）表征,其构型经H-H NOESY谱确定为Z构型。考察了投料比r[n(2-丁炔酸乙酯,2a) : n(4-羟基香豆素,1a)］、溶剂、催化剂、反应温度和反应时间对3a收率的影响。结果表明：在最优条件［r=1.2,乙腈为溶剂,DBU作催化剂,于80 ℃回流反应18 h］下,3a收率最高（70%）。     

3-羟基-1-金刚烷甲基酮的合成

改进了沙格列汀中间体3-羟基-1-金刚烷甲基酮（1）的合成路线。以金刚烷甲酸（2）为起始原料,经二氯亚砜酰氯化后与N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺（NCS)反应制得3-氯-1-金刚烷甲酰氯（3）; 3依次经取代,脱羧和与碱反应合成1,其结构经¹H NMR, IR和MS(ESI)确证。采用星点设计-效应面法对1合成条件进行了优化。结果表明:在最佳反应条件[2 28 mmol, n(NCS)/n(2)/n(AIBN)=1/0.83/0.65,于65 ℃反应8 h]下,1收率70%。     

四(3,4-二甲基苯基)卟啉钴的合成及其光学性质

采用“两步法”,以吡咯和3,4-二甲基苯甲醛为原料,合成了四(3,4-二甲基苯基)卟啉(TDMPP, 1); 1与四水醋酸钴经络合反应合成四(3,4-二甲基苯基)卟啉钴(TDMPPCo, 2),其结构经¹H NMR, IR和荧光光谱确证。考察了金属盐的预处理、反应物浓度、浓缩比和投料比对合成2的收率影响。实验结果表明：在最佳反应条件［γ=n(1)：n(四水乙酸钴)=1 ：7, c（1）为22.95 mmol·L^-1,回流（150 ℃）反应4 h,浓缩比η为75%］下,收率可达82%。     

新型N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺的合成

以2-溴苯胺和氰乙酸为原料,经N-烷基化、酰胺化和α-烷基化反应合成了4种新型的N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺类化合物(5a~5d),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。在最佳反应条件[N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-氰基乙酰胺(3)1.7 mmol,n(3)∶n(溴乙烷)=1∶1,DMF为溶剂,Cs2CO3为碱,于室温反应6 h]下,5a收率83%。     

2-[5-(3-羟基苯甲酰氨基)-1,3,4-噻二唑]基乙酸乙酯的合成

以丙二酸二乙酯为起始原料,经选择性皂化、酸化、氯化、环合和酰胺化反应合成了2-[5-(3-羟基苯甲酰氨基)-1,3,4-噻二唑]基乙酸乙酯(1),总收率37.2%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和LC-MS(ESI)确证。采用正交实验法[L_9(3~4)]优化了酰胺化反应的条件。结果表明:在最优反应条件{n[2-(5-氨基-[1,3,4]-噻二唑)基乙酸乙酯]∶n(三乙胺)∶n(间羟基苯甲酰氯)=1∶2∶3,于20℃反应8 h}下,1收率75.5%。     

4-氧代-3（4H）-喹唑啉-5-羧酸的合成

以2-氨基-6-甲基苯甲酸为起始原料,通过合环反应生成两种4-氧代-3(4H)-喹唑啉-5-羧酸衍生物(1a, 1b), 1a, 1b分别经高锰酸钾氧化合成了4-氧代-3(4H)-喹唑啉-5-羧酸（2a, 2b）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS表征。研究了投料比｛r［n(高锰酸钾) :n(5-甲基-3(4H)-喹唑啉-4-酮)］｝和反应温度等对收率的影响。结果表明：在最佳反应条件（r=7:1,中性高锰酸钾氧化,于90 ℃反应）下合成2总收率可达66%。     

2-乙氧羰基-3-甲基-4,5-四亚甲基吡咯的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯(1)为原料,在醋酸中与亚硝酸钠通过肟化反应制得N-羟基亚胺乙酰乙酸乙酯(2);2在醋酸缓冲溶液中经锌粉还原后与环己酮加成环化合成了2-乙氧羰基-3-甲基-4,5-四亚甲基吡咯(3),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。较适宜的反应条件为:1100 mmol,n(Zn)∶n(1)=2.9∶1.0,在醋酸中回流反应,总收率39%;以多步反应的最佳反应条件进行"一锅煮"合成3,收率50%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.