细胞色素b5突变体V45H NMR初步研究

通过分析在H2O和D2O中采集,DQF-COSY,TOCSY和NOESY等二维核磁共振波谱鉴定了细胞色素b5定点突变体V45H(残基Val^45突变为His^45)的大多数氨基酸残基的质子自旋系统,通过解析NOESY谱中的dNN(i,i+1),dαN(i,i+1),dαN(i,i+2),dαN(i,i+3),dαβ(i,i+3)和dβN(i,i+1)等NOE相关,完成了其序列特异性归属以及主链和侧链质子共振信号的全归属。突变体V45H的二级结构分析表明残基Val^45突变为His^45对分子的整体折叠影响不大。但是,与野生型细胞色素b5相比较,突变体V45H主链酰胺质子的化学位移指数提示突变使其血红素疏水腔的微环境受到扰动。以上实验结果为进一步测定V45H的溶液结构和分析残基Val^45在蛋白质中的作用提供了基础。     

J(F,H), J(C,H) and J(H,H) couplings involving the individual methyl group protons in 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-9-methyltriptycene. Evidence of blue-shifting hydrogen bond

1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-9-methyltriptycene was studied in NMR spectra at low temperatures where the methyl group dynamics is frozen. Values of 5J(19F,1H), 1J(13C,1H), and 2J(1H,1H) for the individual methyl protons were measured. They are in a fair agreement with the corresponding theoretical values calculated at a density functional theory (DFT) level. The 5J(19F,1H) couplings involve the peri-F nucleus and occur via the 'through space' mechanism. Both the natural bond orbital analysis (at a HF level) and the observed pattern of 1J(13C,1H) coupling values corroborate occurrence in this molecule of intramolecular, blue-shifting hydrogen bonds engaging the methyl hydrogens. The 'through space' 5J(19F,1H) couplings may indicate the routes of electron density transfers that escape detection by the natural bond analysis. A consideration of these effects can enrich the chemical intuition involving this specific sort of H-bonds.     

Thermal decomposition of Pr[(C_5H_8NS_2)_3(C_(12)H_8N_2)]

The thermal behavior of the complex Pr[(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)] in a dry nitrogen flow was examined by TG-DTG analysis. The TG-DTG investigations indicated that Pr[(C5H8NS2)3-(C12H8N2)] was decomposed into Pr2S3 and deposited carbon in one step where Pr2S3 predominated in the final products. The results of non-isothermal kinetic calculations showed that the decomposition stage was the random nucleation and subsequent growth mechanism (n = 2/3), the corresponding apparent activation energy ?was 115.89 kJ·mol-1 and the pre-expo-nential constant ln[A/s] was 7.8697. The empirical kinetics model equation was proposed as/(α) =3/2(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1/3.The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the thermal decomposition products at 800℃under N2 atmosphere show that the product can be indexed to the cubic Pr2S3 phase. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the final product reveals the particle appearance of a diameter within 40 nm. The experimental results show that the praseodymium sulfide nanocrystal can be prepared from thermal decomposition of Pr[(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)].     

Testing electronic structure methods for describing intermolecular H...H interactions in supramolecular chemistry

In this article a wide variety of computational approaches (molecular mechanics force fields, semiempirical formalisms, and hybrid methods, namely ONIOM calculations) have been used to calculate the energy and geometry of the supramolecular system 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyloxazole (HPMO) encapsulated in beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). The main objective of the present study has been to examine the performance of these computational methods when describing the short range H. H intermolecular interactions between guest (HPMO) and host (beta-CD) molecules. The analyzed molecular mechanics methods do not provide unphysical short H...H contacts, but it is obvious that their applicability to the study of supramolecular systems is rather limited. For the semiempirical methods, MNDO is found to generate more reliable geometries than AM1, PM3 and the two recently developed schemes PDDG/MNDO and PDDG/PM3. MNDO results only give one slightly short H...H distance, whereas the NDDO formalisms with modifications of the Core Repulsion Function (CRF) via Gaussians exhibit a large number of short to very short and unphysical H...H intermolecular distances. In contrast, the PM5 method, which is the successor to PM3, gives very promising results. Our ONIOM calculations indicate that the unphysical optimized geometries from PM3 are retained when this semiempirical method is used as the low level layer in a QM:QM formulation. On the other hand, ab initio methods involving good enough basis sets, at least for the high level layer in a hybrid ONIOM calculation, behave well, but they may be too expensive in practice for most supramolecular chemistry applications. Finally, the performance of the evaluated computational methods has also been tested by evaluating the energetic difference between the two most stable conformations of the host(beta-CD)-guest(HPMO) system.     

Eremophilane esters of Robinsonecio gerberifolius and their rearranged products. Study of the coupling constants (2)J(H, H), (3)J(H, H) and (4)J(H, H)

In the course of the basic hydrolysis of four eremophilane esters isolated from Robinsonecio gerberifolius, some rearrangements, eliminations, and additions occurred. Five compounds were obtained, three of them not previously described. Additionally, a new sesquiterpene was produced by autooxidation of compound 1. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of these compounds were completely assigned by utilization of HMQC, HMBC, COSY, DEPT, and NOESY techniques. The long-range coupling constants of the peroxide 10 are reported, and all its coupling constants (2)J(H, H), (3)J(H, H), and (4)J(H, H) are calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Their magnitude is explained in terms of electronic delocalization and the additivity of stereoelectronic effects.     

TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液

采用经过处理的锐钛矿型TiO2作为催化剂,在H2O2存在下,以TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚反应为模型,探讨了TiO2催化剂用量、H2O2用量、超声波功率、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液初始浓度、初始pH值对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率的影响。结果表明,在一定的超声波功率和一定的TiO2用量范围内,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率随超声波功率和TiO2用量的增大而增大,达到一定值后保持平稳;当H2O2浓度介于一定范围内,增大H2O2用量可提高壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率,但H2O2用量过多时,反而会使壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率下降;pH<5时,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解效果较好,且pH值越小,降解率越高;pH>5时,降解率越来越低。TiO2/H2O2/超声波体系降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚产生了较强烈的协同效应,在同一时刻三者协同体系的降解率比其3种单独体系的降解率之和高出约60%;在TiO2催化剂用量0.4g/L、H2O2用量0.2g/L、超声波功率600W、降解时间120min的条件下,对初始质量浓度为80mg/L,pH=1的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液进行降解,其降解率达98%以上。     

Improving the accuracy of 1H–19F internuclear distance measurement using 2D 1H–19F HOESY

With the rise in fluorinated pharmaceuticals, it is becoming increasingly important to develop new ¹⁹F NMR-based methods to assist in their analysis. Crucially, obtaining information regarding the conformational dynamics of a molecule in solution can aid the design of strongly binding therapeutics. Herein, we report the development of a 2D ¹H–¹⁹F Heteronuclear Overhauser Spectroscopy (HOESY) experiment to measure ¹H–¹⁹F internuclear distances, with accuracies of ~5% when compared with ¹H–¹⁹F internuclear distances calculated by quantum chemical methods. We demonstrate that correcting for cross-relaxation of ¹H, using the diagonal peaks from the 2D ¹H–¹H Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY), is critical in obtaining accurate values for ¹H–¹⁹F internuclear distances. Finally, we show that by using the proposed method to measure ¹H–¹⁹F internuclear distances, we are able to determine the relative stereochemistry of two fluorinated pharmaceuticals.     

"Met-Cars"外接氢化合物Ti8C12H4和Ti8C12H8的Ab Initio研究

用量子化学从头算方法，对Ｔｉ８Ｃ１２（Ｔｄ）进行了几何构型优化，结果表明，Ｔｉ３Ｃ１２（Ｔｄ）的化学动力学性质不稳定，化学性质活泼，在此基础上进行了其外接氢化物的性质研究，从理论上预测了Ｔｉ８Ｃ１２Ｈ４（Ｔｄ）和Ｔｉ８Ｃ１２Ｈ８（Ｔｄ）几何构型的稳定性和化学反应活性。由Ｔｉ８Ｃ１２（Ｔｄ）和Ｔｉ８Ｃ１２Ｈ８（Ｔｄ）稳定性分析得出：Ｔｉ８Ｃ１２Ｈ４（Ｔｄ）构型最稳定，而Ｔｉ８Ｃ１２Ｈ８（Ｔｄ）和Ｔｉ     

Pd6簇与H2分子相互作用的密度泛函理论研究

通过相对论有效核势密度泛函理论计算,优化了Pd6(H)2和Pd6(H)4等簇的平衡几何结构,预测了氢分子在Pd6簇表面上的吸附行为与活化解离性质.计算结果表明,单态的Pd6簇可以活化两个氢分子;第一个H2和第二个H2吸附解离过程速率决定步骤的能垒分别是66.4和24.5kJ/mol、在形成的分子氢配合物Pd6(H2)和Pd（H)2H2中,H2主要作为给电子配体.在最稳定的二氢簇合物Pd6(H)2中,H倾向与3个Pd相互作用,形成面位氢的多核成键吸附方式.     

乙醇-水分子团簇C2H5OH(H2O)n (n=1-9)稳定结构的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 在B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对乙醇-水分子团簇(C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=1-9))的各种性质进行研究, 如: 优化的几何构型、结构参数、氢键、结合能、平均氢键强度、自然键轨道(NBO)电荷分布、团簇的生长规律等. 结果表明, 从二维(2-D)环状结构到三维(3-D)笼状结构的过渡出现在n=5的乙醇-水分子团簇中. 此外, 利用团簇结合能的二阶差分、形成能、能隙等性质, 发现在n=6时乙醇-水分子团簇的最低能量结构稳定性较好, 可能为幻数结构. 最后, 为了进一步探讨氢键本质, 将C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=2-9)最低能量结构的各种性质与纯水分子团簇(H₂O)_n (n=3-10)比较, 结果表明前者与后者中的水分子之间氢键相似.     

3-(2-对甲苯基乙烯基)-5(4H)-异噁唑酮的合成、晶体结构、1H NMR及其异构化研究

采用甲硫酯与NH2OH·HCl在室温条件下反应,合成了3-(2-对甲苯基乙烯基)-5(4H)-异唑酮,通过单晶X射线衍射确定了产物的结构.由1HNMR确定的构型与晶体结构完全一致,表明标题化合物在弱极性溶剂(如乙醚和氯仿)中是稳定的.半经验AM1和PM3计算的C7和C8净电荷(分别为-0.077,-0.101)可能是H7和H8化学位移(分别为6.83和6.96)很接近的主要原因.B3LYP/6-311G**基组计算的异构体能量数据表明,3-(2-对甲苯基乙烯基)-5(4H)-异唑酮是最稳定的构型     

H(Fe)ZSM-5分子筛的合成、表征及其催化性能的研究

用水热法合成出含铁ZSM-5沸石,并对其物相、外貌、结构组成、吸附、表面酸性和催化活性等性能作了测试。ESR和XPS测定结果表明Fe~(3+)进入沸石骨架。实验结果表明,表面总酸性较弱,L酸位浓度较大的H(Fe)ZSM-5在甲醇转化反应中有利于低碳烃的齐聚和异构化,而酸性较强的HZSM-5易使低碳烯烃氢转移而生成大量的气态烃。     

金属催化的2(5H)-呋喃酮反应研究进展

2(5H)-呋喃酮结构单元广泛存在于天然产物中,同时许多2(5H)-呋喃酮类化合物也是重要的有机合成中间体.因此,基于常见2(5H)-呋喃酮的有机合成研究近年来引起了人们的关注,尤其是金属催化的2(5H)-呋喃酮反应的地位日趋彰显重要,从而成为众多化学工作者的研究热点.按照反应类型的不同,对近年来金属催化的2(5H)-呋喃酮反应的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括Sonogashira,Suzuki,Stille等偶联反应,以及Michael加成反应、Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应、Baylis-Hillman反应、亲核取代反应、还原反应等.     

Synthesis of two new families of fluorinated compounds: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-3,5-alkyldiynols and 1H,1H-perfluoro-2,4-alkyldiynols and their acrylates and methacrylates

The synthesis of two new families of compounds, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-3,5-alkyldiynols and 1H,1H-perfluoro-2,4-alkyldiynols, and their acrylates and methacrylates, precursors of polymeric systems with important physical properties, is described.     

Methane Aromatization in the Absence of Oxygen Over Mo/H[B]ZSM-5 Catalysts

The catalytic performance of Mo/H[B]ZSM-5 has been investigated for methane non-oxidative aromatization and compared with that of a Mo/H[Al]ZSM-5 catalyst. It is found that the non-oxidative aromatization of methane proceeds only in the presence of weak acidic sites without the participation of strong acidic sites. Coke is found to be the main cause of the rapid decrease in the activity of Mo/H[B]ZSM-5 catalysts.     

Theoretical and kinetic study of the H + C2H5CN reaction

The reaction of H radical with C₂H₅CN has been studied using various quantum chemistry methods. The geometries were optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311++G(2d,2p) levels. The single‐point energies were calculated using G3 and BMC‐CCSD methods based on B3LYP/6‐311++G(2d,2p) geometries. Four mechanisms were investigated, namely, hydrogen abstraction, C‐addition/elimination, N‐addition/elimination and substitution. The kinetics of this reaction were studied using the transition state theory and multichannel Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus methodologies over a wide temperature range of 200–3000 K. The calculated results indicate that C‐addition/elimination channel is the most feasible over the whole temperature range. The deactivation of initial adduct C₂H₅CHN is dominant at lower temperature with bath gas H₂ of 760 Torr; whereas C₂H₅+HCN is the dominant product at higher temperature. Our calculated rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

Unusual Conversion of 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)furanone in Aqueous Solution

The conversion of 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone into succinic acid in aqueous solution has been detected experimentally for the first time, indicating the possibility of forming and hydrolyzing its previously unknown tautomeric forms. The accelerating effect of increased pH values and temperature on the reaction has been established. A scheme is proposed to form succinic acid from 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone.     

Evolution of High-Valent Nickela-Electrocatalyzed C−H Activation: From Cross(-Electrophile)-Couplings to Electrooxidative C−H Transformations

C−H activation has emerged as one of the most efficient tools for the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds, avoiding the use of prefunctionalized materials. In spite of tremendous progress in the field, stoichiometric quantities of toxic and/or costly chemical redox reagents, such as silver(I) or copper(II) salts, are largely required for oxidative C−H activations. Recently, electrosynthesis has experienced a remarkable renaissance that enables the use of storable, safe and waste-free electric current as a redox equivalent. While major recent momentum was gained in electrocatalyzed C−H activations by 4d and 5d metals, user-friendly and inexpensive nickela-electrocatalysis has until recently proven elusive for oxidative C−H activations. Herein, the early developments of nickela-electrocatalyzed reductive cross-electrophile couplings as well as net-redox-neutral cross-couplings are first introduced. The focus of this Minireview is, however, the recent emergence of nickel-catalyzed electrooxidative C−H activations until April 2020.     

Vinylic Trifluoromethylselenolation via Pd-Catalyzed C−H Activation

Trifluorometylselenolation via C−H activation is barely described in literature. In particular, no such vinylic functionalization has been yet described. Herein, a palladium-catalyzed trifluoromethylselenolation of vinylic C−H bonds is described. The 5-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline has been used as auxiliary directing group to perform this reaction. The reaction gives excellent yields with α-substituted compounds whatever the substituents and a microwave activation can be used to accelerate the reaction. With β-substituted substrates lower yields, but still satisfactory, are obtained. This methodology was also successfully extended to other fluoroalkylselenyl groups.