Ni-Al复合氧化物/介孔杭锦2#土负载Au催化剂制备及其CO氧化催化性能

采用导向剂共沉淀-水热法合成不同复合量3Ni-Al类水滑石（LDH）/酸化杭锦2^#土载体前驱物.以液相还原-焙烧法制备不同Au负载量的Ni-Al复合氧化物/介孔杭锦2^#土负载Au催化剂.采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）、原子吸收光谱（AAS）、N₂物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段对催化剂进行表征;并考察其催化CO氧化活性及稳定性.结果表明,3Ni-Al LDH在酸化杭锦2^#土上复合均匀;其负载Au后经500℃空气气氛焙烧,催化剂具有介孔结构,Au颗粒分散均匀、平均粒径小于10 nm;Ni-Al LDH复合量增加有利于纳米Au分散并抑制其粒径增大,且纳米Au与载体间存在较强相互作用;随Ni-Al LDH复合量和Au负载量增加,负载Au催化剂催化活性提高,当Ni-Al LDH复合量15%（Ni 3.47%）,Au负载量3%时,所得负载Au催化剂性能最佳：T₅₀为48℃,80℃时CO转化率大于90%,180℃连续反应10 h,CO转化率保持100%,空气放置110 d后,虽然其低温活性有所下降,但120℃时,仍可实现CO转化率大于90%.     

层状粘土负载的金催化剂制备及其常温催化氧化活性

为了研究粘土的性质对其负载的金催化剂在CO常温氧化反应中的催化活性的影响,将金溶胶分别负载到类水滑石(LDHs)和经过壳聚糖改性的蒙脱石(CS-MMT)表面,得到纳米金颗粒呈高度分散状态的金催化剂样品.通过XRD、XRF、TEM、XPS等手段表征了金催化剂样品的物相、金的含量、金颗粒的粒径分布及金的存在价态,测试了催化剂样品对CO的常温转化率.结果表明:Au0是粘土负载的金催化剂对CO常温氧化反应的主要活性物种,碱性载体LDHs负载的金催化剂样品1.83%Au/Mg Al-CO32--LDHs表面只检测到Au0,金颗粒的平均粒径为2.6 nm,对CO的常温转化率能够达到100%,而酸性载体CS-MMT负载的金催化剂样品1.71%Au/CS-MMT表面同时存在氧化态和金属态的金,且Auδ+/Au0=1.1,金颗粒的平均粒径为2.1 nm,对CO的常温转化率仅为25%.     

Au/MOx/Al2O3催化剂催化CO低温氧化

 采用沉积沉淀法，将金负载在复合氧化物载体MOx/Al2O3上，制备得到了Au/MOx/Al2O3催化剂的活性要高于Au/Al2O3催化剂。Au/FeOx/Al2O3催化剂能够在低于223K的温度下实现CO完全催化氧化。TEM图象分析表明，纳米级高分散的金颗粒是金催化剂高活性的前提，但载体的选择，以及复合氧化物载体中过渡金属氧化物的选择，也会对金催化剂的活性产生明显的影响。     

铁的化学形态对Au/Fe-O催化剂甲醛催化氧化性能的影响

采用溶胶沉积法、共沉淀法制备了负载型Au/Fe-O催化剂,运用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱(ICP-AES),比表面和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对其进行了表征,考察了Au/Fe-O催化剂对甲醛的催化氧化活性.金负载量相同的条件下,溶胶沉积法制备的样品甲醛催化氧化活性好于共沉淀法制备的样品.实验结果表明:六面体的FeOOH载体担载了较多活性组分纳米金,是影响甲醛催化氧化活性的主要原因.     

酸化及碱化膨润土负载镍催化CO2甲烷化反应

采用盐酸和氢氧化钾对膨润土(BEN)进行改性处理,通过浸渍法制备了改性后膨润土负载的镍催化剂,并对其在二氧化碳甲烷化过程中的催化性能进行了研究.借助BET、XRD、TPR和TPD等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,用碱处理后的膨润土比表面积小于酸处理膨润土的,但以碱处理的膨润土为载体所制备的镍催化剂(Ni/alka...     

表面活性剂对TiO_2/CNT苯酚与碳酸二甲酯酯交换活性的影响

以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）改性的碳纳米管为载体,制备了TiO2/CNT催化剂,用于苯酚与碳酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的反应.采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对改性前后催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征,显示出负载后的催化剂中活性组分二氧化钛以无定形...     

硅纳米管负载的钌基催化剂费-托合成催化性能研究

以模板法合成的硅纳米管（SNT）为载体,用浆态浸渍法制备了钌基催化剂,采用氮气物理吸附、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和氢气程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）等手段对其进行了表征。在固定床反应器上（503K,1.0MPa）考察了该催化剂的费-托合成反应活性及产物选择性,并与用商业二氧化硅为载体制备的催化剂上的反应结果进行了比较。结果表明,SNT和SiO₂负载的氧化钌在623K可被H₂完全还原;SNT负载的钌基催化剂上,钌氧化物颗粒较小、分散性好,还原后钌颗粒被较好地分散在硅纳米管上,且几乎所有的钌颗粒都分布在管内。与以SiO₂为载体的催化剂相比,以硅纳米管为载体的钌基催化剂具有较高的费-托合成活性。     

CeO2分散度对Au/CeO2-SiO2催化剂上甲醛的催化氧化影响

采用浸渍法在高比表面积的SiO2上负载不同量的CeO2,得到了CeO2不同颗粒尺寸的CeO2-SiO2载体,并用沉积沉淀法制备了CeO2-SiO2负载的纳米金催化剂.通过元素分析、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、N2物理吸附、拉曼光谱和透射电镜等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化甲醛氧化活性.结果表明,高分散度、小尺寸的CeO2有利于得到较小尺寸的Au颗粒,并增强了催化剂的还原能力和氧缺位浓度,从而有利于提高催化剂低温甲醛催化氧化活性.     

钾改性对Au/ZSM-5催化剂上正丁烷裂解性能的影响

采用负压沉积沉淀法制备了负载型Au/HZSM-5催化剂,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、Ｘ射线光电子能谱（XPS）、NH3-TPD、紫外可见漫反射（UV-vis）等技术对催化剂进行了表征分析,并考察了催化剂对正丁烷裂解性能的影响。结果表明,Au金属成功负载到HZSM-5催化剂上,并且金颗粒的尺寸受负载量的影响,其中1.0%Au/HZSM-5催化剂中的金颗粒粒径最小,约为5～10nm。钾离子作为一种碱性离子可以调节载体酸性,随着K离子的引入xK-Au/HZSM-5催化剂的酸性逐渐降低,使Au0的电子结合能更高。相对于HZSM-5,2.0Au/HZSM-5催化剂对于正丁烷的转化率从13.1%提升到了37.5%,对丙烯的选择性从17.2%提升到了52.5%。随着K离子的引入,催化剂对于丁烯以及异丁烷的选择性有所提高,当K离子负荷为0.08%时,对丁烯的选择性从3.8%提高到36.9%,负荷为0.1%时,对异丁烷的选择性由2.8%提升到51.8%。但原料转化率低于2.0Au/HZSM-5,这可能与K的加入降低催化剂酸改性有关。此外通过研究Au/HZSM-5用K+修饰得知Au+离子是Au/HZSM-5催化剂转化正丁烷主要活性中心。     

埃洛石纳米管的改性方式对其负载的金催化剂在环己烷液相选择性氧化反应中的催化性能的影响

为了提高纳米金在埃洛石纳米管（halloysite nanotubes,HNTs）上的负载率并改善负载型金催化剂的稳定性,采用经过有机硅烷（N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,AEAPTMS）化学改性的埃洛石纳米管（AHNTs）作为载体,利用AEAPTMS上的-NH2能够配位俘获金离子的特点,实现了金的前驱体HAuCl4·4H2O在化学改性埃洛石上的高效负载,经硼氢化钠液相还原获得了化学改性埃洛石AHNTs负载的纳米金催化剂样品1.5wt%Au/AHNTs（金的实际负载量为1.43wt%）. 采用FT-IR和29Si CP/MAS NMR表征了埃洛石的化学改性效果,并采用TEM及XPS分别表征了该催化剂样品上纳米金的粒径分布和催化剂表面金的价态. 研究结果表明,纳米金颗粒的平均粒径为2.5nm,高度分散在AHNTs上,且金元素主要以金属态Au0的形式存在. 以环己烷液相选择性氧化为模型反应,表征了该催化剂样品的催化活性和选择性,在反应温度为170℃,压力2MPa下反应2h,环己烷的转化率达到9.06%,对目标产物环己酮和环己醇（KA油）的选择性达到83.06%,且循环使用4次后,对环己烷的转化率仍能达到5.82%,对KA油的选择性为81.39%,仍然能够满足工业催化剂对活性和选择性的指标要求。与之相比,物理改性的埃洛石载体PHNTs负载的金催化剂样品2.0wt%Au/AHNTs（金的实际负载量为1.40wt%）在相同的模型反应条件下,虽然新鲜催化剂的活性和选择性略微优于化学改性的AHNTs负载的金催化剂样品1.5wt%Au/AHNTs,但其稳定性较化学改性的埃洛石所负载的金催化剂差,经过3次循环使用,对环己烷的转化率和对KA油的选择性已经不能满足工业催化剂的指标要求。 上述结果表明,埃洛石载体的改性方式对其负载的纳米金催化剂的稳定性有显著影响,化学改性的载体与活性组分金之间较强的相互作用力有助于提高其所负载的纳米金催化剂的稳定性。     

还原剂对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响

以PVP为保护剂,乙醇(ER)、乙二醇(GR)和水合肼(HR)为还原剂制备了一系列Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂,考察了还原剂对甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD、TPD和TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Au-Pd/CeO2(ER)催化剂具有较大的比表面积,形成的AuxPdy量较多、粒径较小、分散度较高、活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,同时对甲醇的吸附量较大和吸附温度较低。因此,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和氢气选择性以及较低的CO质量分数。     

焙烧温度对Au/Fe2O3选择性氧化富氢气体中CO催化性能的影响

甲醇重整在线制氢作为质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料成为当前研究的热点。受重整反应动力学及热力学的限制，使得甲醇重整气(富氢气体)中除含有大量的氢气外还含有少量的CO，CO极易吸附在燃料电池阳极催化剂表面，使电池性能下降，因而必须去除重整气中的CO，选择性氧化脱除富氢气     

Oxidation of NO over cobalt oxide supported on esoporous silica

Cobalt oxide catalysts supported on mesoporous silica (Co3O4/MPS) were prepared, characterized and applied for catalytic oxidation of NO. Effects of catalyst supports, calcination temperatures, H2O and SO2 on NO conversion were investigated. The samples were also characterized by BET, XRD, FTIR and TG/DTG. The results suggested that Co3O4/MPS catalyst calcined at 573 K had the smallest crystal particles and the best surface dispersion. This catalyst had the highest activity and yielded 82% NO conversion at 573 K, at a space velocity of 12000 h−1. Although the conversion of NO decreased with the introduction of H2O, it could be restored completely after removing residual H2O from Co3O4/MPS catalyst by heating at 573 K. In the presence of SO2, the oxidation activity decreased and CoSO4 was detected on the catalyst. The NO conversion decreased to 30.2% in the presence of SO2 and H2O. It could not be restored completely after cutting off H2O and SO2. The deactivation of the catalyst in the presence of SO2 and H2O was attributed to the formation of cobalt sulfate species.     

Promoting Effects of Iron on CO Oxidation over Au/TiO2 Supported Au Nanoparticles

Fe-doped TiO₂ supported gold nanoparticles as high-performance CO oxidation catalysts were prepared. XRD data revealed that TiO₂ support was in an anatase phase. After calcination at 300℃, the sample showed nanotube structure, and the size of gold nanoparticles was 3.1 nm. When calcined at 500℃, most nanotubes broke, and gold nanoparticles grew up to 5.9 nm. XPS spectrum indicated the presence of Fe in the +3 oxidation state. Au/Fe-TiO₂(Au:1.44%, Fe:1.35%) calcined at 300℃ possessed the best catalytic activity, and it could completely convert CO at 25℃. The temperature of 100% CO conversion(T_100%) of Fe-free catalyst was 40℃. After the catalysts were stored at room temperature for 7 d, T_100% of Au/Fe-TiO₂ increased from 25℃ to 30℃, while T_100% of Fe-free catalyst increased from 40℃ to 80℃. The catalytic activity and storage stability of Au/TiO₂ could be improved by Fe-doping. The increase of specific surface area, generation of oxygen vacancies and new adsorption sites, depression of the growth of gold nanoparticles, and strong metal-support interaction were responsible for the promoting effect of iron on the catalytic performance of Au/TiO₂ for CO oxidation.     

Catalytic properties of Ni/ceria-yttria electrode materials for partial oxidation of methane

The catalytic properties of electrode materials Ni/Ce1-xYxO2-δ (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were investigated for partial oxidation of methane (POM). The CeO2-Y2O3 solid solutions were prepared by co-precipitaion method. The Ni-based catalysts supported on the solid solutions were obtained using the impregnation method. Structural, surface and redox characteristics of the prepared catalysts were systematically examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller BET method), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The results indicated that yttria doped in the ceria system, forming a good solid solution, readily induced more defects and oxygen vacancies that favored the improvement of catalytic activity and coking resistance. In the temperature range of 600-850 ℃, Ni/Ce0.90Y0.10O1.95 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity among the four tested catalysts, with the CH4 conversion, CO selectivity and H2 selectivity of 78.8%, 90.6% and 89.8%, respectively, at 850 ℃. And the H2/CO molar ratio in products of Ni/Ce0.90Y0.10O1.95 catalyst was closer to the theoretical value of 2.0. The excellent coking resistant behaviors for all catalysts were clearly manifested by Thermal Analysis.     

控制CO选择氧化反应中金催化剂热点形成的新方法

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Al2O3和MOx-Al2O3(M=Fe,Zn)负载型金催化剂.室温下对其CO氧化及富氢条件下CO选择氧化催化活性进行了广泛的研究.催化剂床层温度由热电偶直接测定.催化剂表面温度与O2/CO的体积比以及CO和H2的浓度密切相关.在CO氧化反应过程中Au/Al2O3催化剂的温度可高达170°C,添加FeOx可使其降至55°C.利用一系列仪器(X射线衍射仪,X射线光电子能谱仪和透射电镜等)对催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果显示Al2O3负载型金催化剂热点的形成可以通过添加合适的助剂很好地控制.助剂的添加能够使催化剂活性中心由金属态Au变为AuIII,从而导致了CO选择氧化反应机理不同.     

Supported Ru catalysts prepared by two sonication-assisted methods for preferential oxidation of CO in H2

The preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in the presence of H(2) is an important step in the production of pure H(2) for industrial applications. In this report, two sonochemical methods (S1 and S2) were used to prepare highly dispersed Ru catalysts supported on mesoporous TiO(2) (TiO(2)(MSP)) for the PROX reaction, in which a reaction gas mixture containing 1% CO + 1% O(2) + 18% CO(2) + 78% H(2) was used. The supported Ru catalysts performed better than the supported Au and Pt catalysts, and the S1 and S2 methods are superior to the impregnation method. The Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts were active for the PROX reaction below 200 °C and good for the methanation reactions of CO and CO(2) above 200 °C. The presence of residual chlorine in the catalysts severely suppressed their PROX reaction activity, and a higher dispersion of Ru particles led to better catalytic performances. The addition of Au in the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst also caused a poorer catalytic activity for both the PROX and the methanation reactions. TPR results showed that in the active catalysts prepared by the S1 and S2 methods, the well dispersed Ru particles, after calcination in air, had a stronger interaction with the support than those in the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method and in the Au-Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalyst. In situ CO absorption experiments performed with the diffusion reflectance Fourier transform infra red (DRIFT) method showed that the bridged adsorbed CO species on isolated Ru(0) sites correlated with the catalytic performances, indicating that these isolated Ru(0) sites are the most active sites of the Ru/TiO(2)(MSP) catalysts in the PROX reaction.     

Au/ZnO催化剂的制备及常温常湿条件下CO氧化催化性能

用共沉淀法制备了n(Au)/n(ZnO)=1.3/100的催化剂.考察了焙烧温度对Au/ZnO催化剂的化学组成及CO氧化性能的影响.结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂的化学组成、活性和稳定性均有较大影响,其中240℃焙烧制得的Au/ZnO催化剂稳定性最好,在25℃和进料中含有水分的条件下,可连续反应600h使CO完全转化.XRD,FTIR,TG-DTA,TEM及UV-Vis结果表明,金粒子高度分散在氧化锌或碳酸锌上,平均直径2～5nm.催化剂的稳定性同锌物种有关,氧化锌较碳酸锌表现出较好的稳定性,且氧化锌粒子越小,比表面积越大,催化剂的稳定性越高.     

On the influence of the metal loading on the structure of carbon-supported PtRu catalysts and their electrocatalytic activities in CO and methanol electrooxidation

PtRu (1:1) catalysts supported on low surface area carbon of the Sibunit family (S(BET) = 72 m(2) g(-1)) with a metal percentage ranging from 5 to 60% are prepared and tested in a CO monolayer and for methanol oxidation in H(2)SO(4) electrolyte. At low metal percentage small (<2 nm) alloy nanoparticles, uniformly distributed on the carbon surface, are formed. As the amount of metal per unit surface area of carbon increases, particles start coalescing and form first quasi two-dimensional, and then three-dimensional metal nanostructures. This results in a strong enhancement of specific catalytic activity in methanol oxidation and a decrease of the overpotential for CO monolayer oxidation. It is suggested that intergrain boundaries connecting crystalline domains in nanostructured PtRu catalysts produced at high metal-on-carbon loadings provide active sites for electrocatalytic processes.