共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
综述了六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成条件和工业制备工艺。这五种化合物是:四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADBIW)、四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADFIW)、四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TAIW)、四乙酰基二乙基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADEIW)和六乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HAIW)。其中的TADBIW系由HBIW经一次氢解合成,其它四种都系由HBIW经两次氢解合成。HBIW的这五种氢解脱苄化合物均可经硝解合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)。另外,本文总结了HBIW及其五种氢解脱苄产物的红外、核磁和质谱数据及它们的基本性能参数。 相似文献
2.
综述了六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成条件和工业制备工艺。这五种化合物是:四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADBIW)、四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADFIW)、四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TAIW)、四乙酰基二乙基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADEIW)和六乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HAIW)。其中的TADBIW系由HBIW经一次氢解合成,其它四种都系由HBIW经两次氢解合成。HBIW的这五种氢解脱苄化合物均可经硝解合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)。另外,本文总结了HBIW及其五种氢解脱苄产物的红外、核磁和质谱数据及它们的基本性能参数。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
高张力笼形氮杂环化合物的合成 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)为母体,Pd(OH)2/C为催化剂,在温和条件下,通过选择性催化氢解脱苄,使部分或全部苄基被其它官能团(如CH3O-,C2H5-,CHO-)取代,合成了4种N-取代六氮杂异伍兹烷,并鉴定了它们的结构.这些化合物都是高张力的笼形氮杂环化合物,且均可作为合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)的前体,而HNIW是当今最引人注目和最有军用前景的高能量密度化合物(HEDC). 相似文献
6.
以CN, NC, ONO2, N3, NH2, N2H, NHNH2, N4H和N4H3 9种含氮高能基团为取代基, 分别取代2,4,6,8,10,12-六氮杂异伍兹烷(IW)中亚氨基的6个H原子所形成的9种六氮杂异伍兹烷衍生物作为研究目标分子. 运用密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上求得了它们的分子几何构型、电子结构、解离能(BDE)及IR谱等信息, 并设计等键反应计算了生成热( ). 基于统计热力学原理计算拟合了100~1200 K温度范围内体系的热力学函数, 利用Kamlet-Jacobs方程估算了它们的爆轰性能. 研究结果表明, 9种六氮杂异伍兹烷衍生物存在两种可能的热解引发类型. 在衍生物HNiIW, HBDAIW和HBAIW中, 可能的热解引发键是取代基内部的化学键, 而其余衍生物的热解引发键则可能是骨架N与取代基R之间N—R键. 另外, 硝酸酯基(ONO2)取代所得化合物HNiIW的密度ρ、爆速D及爆压p分别为1.998 g8226;cm-3, 9.71 km8226;s-1和44.47 GPa, 完全达到高能量密度化合物(HEDC)的基本要求, 且优于已应用的HNIW, 有望成为新型的HEDC. 相似文献
7.
四硝基二(叠氮乙酰基)六氮杂异伍兹烷(TNDAIW)是一种新型的多氮杂、多环、笼 形、多叠氮基的硝胺炸药, 该炸药由本实验室合成. 文中采用了AM1和PM3半经验量子化学方法对TNDAIW所有的可能构型进行优化. 结果显示, TNDAIW的构型比六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的晶体结构复杂. 然后, 在HF/6-31G(d)理论水平上对D型TNDAIW的AM1和PM3 能量最低的构型进行了研究. 根据N-NO2键的键长预测具有优化的可能构型的D-TNDAIW比e-CL-20要稳定. 可能构型DA-TNDAIW和DP-TNDAIW的撞击和冲击感度预计比e-CL-20的低. 因此, 具有预测构型的TNDAIW将是很有希望的高能能量密度的炸药. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
Based on the successful experience of synthesis of the TATB (1, 3, 5-triamino-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene) and cubane, we propose to consider their nitro derivatives combined by C–N bond as a series of high energy density compounds. First principles molecular orbital calculations have been used to investigate the structural and energetic properties, including the heat of formation, density, detonation performance, and impact sensitivity. Natural bond orbital analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of substituents on the electron delocalization. The results implied that the inclusion of nitro group will decrease the stability of cage skeleton and weaken the C–NO2 bond. The calculated heats of formation, density, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure are positive and large. The results revealed that two of five derivatives have the close performance and sensitivity to those of CL-20, indicating that they may be explored as new potential high energy materials. Leave them with the notable value to dig out. 相似文献
12.
Studies on CL-20: The most powerful high energy material 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Geetha M. Nair U. R. Sarwade D. B. Gore G. M. Asthana S. N. Singh H. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2003,73(3):913-922
CL-20 is an attractive HEM having density (>2 g cm-3) and velocity of detonation (9400 m s-1) superior to HMX (1.9 g cm-3 and 9100 m s-1). During this study, CL-20 was synthesized to establish viability of efficient synthesis method. The compound synthesized
at HEMRL was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. Thermal studies (dynamic DSC and isothermal TG) were undertaken to determine kinetic parameters
and understand the decomposition patterns. An attempt is made to explain the mechanism of decomposition of CL-20 on the basis
of the data obtained by the authors and findings of other researchers. The activation energy values obtained during this work
by adopting various approaches are close to the values reported for N-NO2 bond cleavage suggesting that it is global rate determining process rather than the collapse of cage structure. Mass spectra
also provides evidences in this regard. Monitoring of decomposition products at high temperature supports these findings and
brings out that NO2 initiates secondary decomposition processes because of entrapment in cage structure.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
DFT studies on a high energy density cage compound 4-trinitroethyl-2,6,8,10,12-pentanitrohezaazaisowurtzitane 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Polynitro cage compound 4-trinitroethyl-2,6,8,10,12-pentanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane has the same framework with but higher stability than CL-20 and is a potential new high energy density compound (HEDC). In this paper, the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method of density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study its heat of formation, IR spectrum, and thermodynamic properties. The stability of the compound was evaluated by the bond dissociation energies. The calculated results show that the first step of pyrolysis is the rupture of the N-NO(2) bond in the side chain and verify the experimental observation that the title compound has better stability than CL-20. The crystal structure obtained by molecular mechanics belongs to the P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group, with lattice parameters a = 12.59 ?, b = 10.52 ?, c = 12.89 ?, Z = 4, and ρ = 2.165 g·cm(-3). Both the detonation velocity of 9.767 km·s(-1) and the detonation pressure of 45.191 GPa estimated using the Kamlet-Jacobs equation are better than those of CL-20. Considering that this cage compound has a better detonation performance and stability than CL-20, it may be a superior HEDC. 相似文献
14.
Hexaazaisowurtzitane or cage molecules have attracted attention concerning their synthesis because hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW or CL20) is presently the most powerful energetic compound. The synthesis of hexaazaisowurtzitanes was considered to be limited solely to the condensation of certain benzylamines with glyoxal. Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of seven novel non-benzylic hexaazaisowurtzitanes, such as hexapropargylhexaazaisowurtzitane. The substituents on the six nitrogen atoms are different to those of the benzyl or substituted benzyl groups to which previous syntheses were limited. X-ray structures are given for the hexapropargyl and hexa-2-thienylmethylene derivatives. Steric strains limit the synthesis with alpha-substituted benzyl and allyl derivatives. The reaction mechanism and the role of the intermediate diimines are discussed. Some of the novel hexaazaisowurtzitanes are potential precursors of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane. 相似文献
15.
为探究固相CL-20热分解反应机理,本文采用反应分子动力学ReaxFF MD模拟研究了含有128个CL-20分子的超胞模型在800–3000 K温度下的热分解过程。借助作者所在课题组研发的反应分析及可视化工具VARxMD得到了热分解过程中多种反应中间物和较为全面的反应路径。氮氧化物是CL-20初始分解的主要中间产物,其中NO2是数量最多的初始分解产物,观察到的中间物NO3的生成量仅次于NO2。统计CL-20初始分解的所有反应后发现,在所有考察温度下CL-20初始分解路径主要是N―NO2断裂反应和C―N键断裂引起开环的单分子反应路径。N―NO2断裂反应数量在高温下显著增多,而C―N键断裂引起的开环反应数量随温度升高变化不大。在低温热分解模拟中还观察到CL-20初始分解阶段生成的NO2会发生双分子反应—从CL-20分子中夺氧生成NO3。对CL-20热分解过程中环结构演化进行分析后发现,CL-20分解的早期反应中间物主要为具有3元或2元稠环结构的吡嗪衍生物,随后它们会分解形成单环吡嗪。吡嗪六元环结构在热分解过程中非常稳定,这一模拟结果支持Py-GC/MS实验中提出吡嗪存在的结论。CL-20中的咪唑五元环结构相对不稳定,在热分解过程中会发生开环分解而较早消失。由ReaxFF MD模拟得到的3000 K高温热分解产物N2,H2O,CO2和H2的数量与爆轰实验的测量结果定量吻合。本文获得的对CL-20热分解机理的认识表明ReaxFF MD结合VARxMD有可能为深入了解热刺激下含能材料复杂化学过程提供一种有前景的方法。 相似文献
16.
Irikura KK 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2008,112(5):983-988
The carbon-fluorine antibonding (sigma*) orbitals in a fluorocarbon cage are directed toward a central, common point. If the cage is not too large or too small, then the sigma* orbitals will overlap at that point. An added electron can occupy the resulting molecular orbital, suggesting that cage perfluorocarbons will have large electron affinities. This prediction is supported by electronic structure calculations of all of the fluorinated derivatives of tetrahedrane, cyclopropane, and cubane and of some other fluorinated cage and ring compounds. Perfluorododecahedrane (C20F20) is predicted to have an electron affinity of about 3.4 eV, which is equal to that of the fluorine atom. A few speculative extensions and applications are suggested. 相似文献
17.
Oluseye K. Onajole Maya M. Makatini Patrick Govender Thavendran Govender Glenn E. M. Maguire Hendrik G. Kruger 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2010,48(3):249-255
The synthesis and complete NMR elucidation of eight novel pentacycloundecane (PCU) derivatives are reported. These compounds are precursors in the synthesis of PCU‐based anti‐tuberculosis (TB) agents and potential human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors. Two‐dimensional (2D) NMR techniques were used to assign the NMR spectra for these compounds. Substitution of the cage molecule at (C‐8/11) further complicates the assignment, since some of the substituted alkyl chain groups overlap with the cage proton signals. The side chain heteroatoms also introduce a rare through‐space deshielding effect to some of the carbon atoms of the cage skeleton. Ring strain in the rigid cage skeleton appears to induce drastic electronic changes in some parts of the cage framework. This observation is more dramatic for the C‐4 methylene group of the cage diols and the cage ethers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
The
new polycyclic nitramine 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW)
has been focused as a considerable amount of research recently on investigating
its polymorphs, relative stability, and respective reaction chemistry. It
is known as CL-20 popularly, CL-20 is a very high-energy and relatively high
oxygen balance value crystalline compound whose method of synthesis and detailed
performance data are still classified. 5-oxo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (NTO,
or nitrotriazolone) was an insensitive molecule comparison general explosives,
and the NTO based polymer bonded explosives (PBX) was a low vulnerability
explosive. Both energetic materials are all very important high explosives,
which is used in a variety of military formulations widely owing to the properties
of high energy and desensitization of PBX, many researchers have demonstrated
the usefulness of above two energetic materials in explosive component. In
this work, the thermal decomposition characteristics of explosives CL-20 and
NTO were studied using thermal analytical techniques (TG, DSC), then the compatibility
of above two explosives with silicone rubber, and the decomposition kinetic
parameters such as activation energies of decomposition, the frequency factor
of the decompose reaction are also evaluated by non-isothermal DSC techniques. 相似文献
19.
The characters of high density and high heat of formation of cage molecules have attracted a lot of investigations as potential energetic materials. Several such compounds have been synthesized, e.g., octanitrocubane, hexanitrohexaazaisowurzitane (CL-20), and 4-trinitroethyl-2, 6, 8, 10, 12-pentanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(TNE-CL-20). In the present study, a new cage compound, namely 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13-heptaazatetracyclo [5.5.1.03,11.05,9] tridecane (HATT), was proposed. Density functional theory has been employed to study the geometric and electronic structures for a series of nitro derivatives of HATT at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Thermodynamic properties derived on the basis of statistical thermodynamic principles are linearly correlated with the numbers of nitro group as well as the temperature. Detonation performance was evaluated based on the calculated densities and heats of formation. It is found that some title compounds have high densities of ca. 1.9 g cm?3, detonation velocities over 9.0 km s?1, and detonation pressures of about 40.0 GPa and may be novel potential candidates of high energy density compounds (HEDCs). Thermal stability and pyrolysis mechanism of the nitro HATTs were investigated by calculating the bond dissociation energies (BDE). In conjunction with the detonation performance and thermal stability, HATTs with no less than five nitro groups are recommended as the preferred candidates of HEDCs. These results provide basic information for the further studies of cage compounds. 相似文献
20.
Reinbold J Sackers E Osswald T Weber K Weiler A Voss T Hunkler D Wörth J Knothe L Sommer F Morgner N von IB Prinzbach H 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2002,8(2):509-524
The highly pyramidal, highly strained 1,4,16-dodecahedratriene (4) and C20H12 1,4,10(14),16-dodecahedratetraene (5) are cage olefins with an intriguing "inner life". For 5 DFT calculations give information about the energetic and geometrical consequences of one-/two-electron oxidation and reduction. Attempts to prepare 4 and 5 through thermal retro[2+2]/[4+2]cycloaddition strategies proved unsuccessful. Still, the C20H14/C20H12 cage cations and anions are liberated upon electron impact or gas-discharge ionization of their thermally extremely stable tris-/tetrakisanthraceno-anellated derivatives. Mass-selection (photoelectron (PE) characterization) of the anions failed, however, due to the very small anion intensity, the preferential formation of hydrogen-poor ions, and minor cage disruption. 相似文献