钯催化卤代芳烃的胺化反应的研究进展

钯催化卤代芳烃的胺化是合成芳胺化合物的重要方法,综述了近年来钯催化卤代芳烃与胺等不同含氮化合物的胺化反应研究进展,重点讨论了钯催化剂配体的结构、反应物比例、溶剂及温度等因素对反应的影响.     

经由酸促进二硫缩烯酮取代的吲哚直接乙烯基化：吲哚生物碱Meridianins衍生物的高效合成

一级芳胺广泛用于天然产物、药物、高分子和材料的合成中,传统合成一级芳胺是在高温、高压和封闭容器中采用钯催化卤代芳烃与氨气反应来制备,也可以在钯催化下使用氨的替代物,如Li[N（SiMe3）2],Zn[N（SiMes）2]与卤代芳烃反应来合成．显然,这些方法有以下缺点：（a）由于采用钯催化剂和复杂的配体,成本较高、毒性较大;（b）当使用氨气作为氨基源时,高温、高压和封闭容器是必不可少的;（c）当使用氨的替代物作为氨基源时,由于这些氨的替代物不易制备、成本也就较高．清华大学化学系付华课题组建立了一种合成一级芳胺的新方法.     

室温铜催化芳基硼酸与氨水偶联合成一级芳胺

一级芳胺广泛用于天然产物、药物、高分子和材料的合成中, 传统合成一级芳胺是在高温、高压和封闭容器中采用钯催化卤代芳烃与氨气反应来制备, 也可以在钯催化下使用氨的替代物, 如Li[N(SiMe3)2], Zn[N(SiMe3)2]与卤代芳烃反应来合成. 显然, 这些方法有以下缺点: (a)由于采用钯催化剂和复杂的配体, 成本较高、毒性较大; (b)当使用氨气作为氨基源时, 高温、高压和封闭容器是必不可少的; (c)当使用氨的替代物作为氨基源时, 由于这些氨的替代物不易制备、成本也就较高. 清华大学化学系付华课题组建立了一种合成一级芳胺的新方法, 即在室温和常压下, 使用Cu2O作催化剂, 芳基硼酸与氨水在甲醇溶液中反应合成了一级芳胺. 反应容器不需要封闭, 不需要惰性气体保护, 也不需要在反应体系中加入任何配体或添加剂. 这种方法能够容忍各种官能团的存在, 如芳基硼酸的碳-卤键、羟基、醛基、酯基、羧基、氨基等. 这种方法反应条件温和、高效、实用, 能够广泛应用于一级芳胺的合成中.     

N,N,N',N'-四[(二苯基膦)甲基]乙二胺钯配合物催化Heck反应研究

以乙二胺为骨架的含氮四膦配体N’NN,N',N'-四[(二苯基膦)甲基]乙二胺和钯组成的催化体系用于丙烯酸酯和芳卤的Heck反应,该催化体系对许多卤代芳烃,尤其含吸电基的溴代芳烃显示了良好的催化活性.对活化底物对溴苯甲醛,即使底物与催化剂的物质的量比达到1000000,其转化率也能达到96％;催化非活化溴代芳烃对溴苯甲醚以及难以反应的氯代芳烃,在Pd含量为0.1 mol％时同样表现出优良催化性能.     

钯等过渡金属催化的卤代芳烃和胺的偶联反应

综述了钯等过渡金属催化的卤代芳烃或芳基碘酸酯和胺的偶联反应以及催化这 一新反应的催化剂的发展和应用。用于该反应的配体由P（o-tolyl)3发展到BINAP 及二烷基芳基膦，基底物由溴代芳烃扩展到经济易得的氯化芳烃及碘酸酯和各种胺。     

钯催化卤代芳烃Ullmann偶合反应

Ullmann偶合反应是有机合成中构建碳—碳键最重要的方法之一. 综述了钯催化卤代芳烃Ullmann偶合反应的研究进展, 其中包括钯催化还原Ullmann偶合反应和钯催化氧化Ullmann偶合反应等两部分.     

新型CuI-亚磷酸胺酯催化剂催化芳卤胺化反应的研究

芳胺类化合物是一类重要的有机化合物,它们广泛应用于生物学、药物学及材料学等领域[1-4].Buchwald[5,6]及Ma[7]等分别报道了N,N及N,O配体用于CuI催化的芳卤胺化反应,得到了较好的结果.对于亚磷酸胺酯N,P配体用于CuI催化的芳卤胺化反应至今未见文献报道.本工作采用新的合成方法,通过两步反应,很方便地合成了一系列的新型亚磷酸胺酯N,P配体,并用于CuI催化的芳卤胺化反应.     

无配体钯催化乙醇水溶液中芳基三氟硼酸钾的Suzuki反应

发展了一个无配体钯催化芳基三氟硼酸钾的Suzuki反应体系.该体系在空气条件下,以醋酸钯为催化剂,1equiv.的无水碳酸钾为碱,在乙醇水溶液中可高效催化卤代芳烃或杂环卤代芳烃与芳基三氟硼酸钾的Suzuki反应,周转频率(TOF)值最高达4656 h~(-1),且该体系还适用于三苯胺衍生物的合成.透射电镜分析结果及汞中毒实验证明该体系的实际催化物质为原位生成的纳米钯粒子.     

在催化体系可回收和无配体条件下溴化四丁基铵中钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应

我们发展一种在催化体系可回收和无配体条件下溴化四丁基铵（TBAB）中钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应方法。我们发现水的量对反应有很大的影响。当水的用量为1 %（质量比）时,反应的结果最好。在3 mol%的醋酸钯和1.5 g的TBAB（含1%的水）,一系列卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的顺利地发生Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应,得到中等及良好的产率。而且在溴代芳烃和活泼的氯代芳烃的交叉反应中,Pd(OAc)2/TBAB催化体系可以回收重复使用多次,并且催化活性基本不变。     

铜催化卤代芳烃氨解反应的研究进展

铜催化卤代芳烃进行氨解反应是构建碳氮键的重要方法。铜作为催化剂不仅便宜、丰富、相对低毒,而且可以通过几个氧化态进行循环催化。配体的发展则扩展了底物的适用范围,提高了官能团的兼容性和反应的选择性,使得该反应成为一种通用的制备芳胺的方法。本文以铜盐催化剂为线索,对该反应机理进行了简介,对近年来铜催化卤代芳烃的氨解反应的研究进展进行了综述和展望,并指出高活性和高选择性的催化体系依然有限,铜催化剂使用量仍然较大,氨和氯代芳烃的使用还不够广泛,而且关于该类反应详细机理的文献报道还缺乏。此外,发展一个新的、高效的和通用的氨解方法仍然显得极为迫切。     

An inexpensive cyclodiphosphazane as an efficient ligand for the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and chlorides

An economic and novel ligand, cyclodiphosphazane [ClPN(t-Bu)]₂ (1), was introduced in the palladium-catalyzed amination of unactivated aryl halides. The catalyst allows for the amination of aryl chlorides and bromides with secondary cyclic amines and anilines in good yields.     

Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation using free NH2 substituted thiophene derivatives with inhibition of amination type reaction

The palladium-catalyzed direct arylation at C2 or C5 of free NH₂ substituted thiophene derivatives was found to proceed in moderate to high yields using a variety of aryl halides. The choice of potassium acetate as the base was found to be crucial to inhibit the amination reaction and to promote the direct arylation.     

Reductive Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of Nitroarenes with Aryl (pseudo)Halides

De novo catalytic syntheses of diarylamines from a palladium-catalyzed reductive Buchwald-Hartwig amination of nitroarenes with aryl (pseudo)halides is described. The exquisite use of upstream nitroarenes as arylamine surrogates, the judicious selection of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B₂pin₂) as a stoichiometric reducing agent, and wide substrate scope including (hetero)aryl halides (Cl, Br and I) and aryl triflates, constitute the striking features of the current protocol. Moreover, application of this technique to the syntheses of advanced intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients also proved successful, thus providing an alternative step-economical approach to the syntheses of diarylamine-incorporated molecules. Preliminary mechanistic investigation demonstrates that an amine and a nitrosoarene intermediates might be involved in this reductive event.     

Reactivity control in palladium-catalyzed reactions: a personal account

Several classes of palladium-catalyzed reactions are summarized as the author's personal account. These include allylic oxidation, diastereo- and enantio-controlled allylic substitution, transmetalation of organomercurials, stereoselective rearrangements, and development of new ligands for amination of aryl halides and for asymmetric Heck addition.     

Zinc trimethylsilylamide as a mild ammonia equivalent and base for the amination of aryl halides and triflates

[reaction: see text] We report that Zn[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) is a mild ammonia equivalent and base for the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl halides and triflates. In contrast to LiN(SiMe(3))(2), the combination of Zn[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) and LiCl coupled with aryl halides and triflates containing base-sensitive functionality in high yields. In addition, aryl bromides coupled with aryl and alkylamines with the combination of Zn[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) and LiCl as base. These aminations occurred without racemization of the enolizable stereocenter of an optically active ester.     

环钯化二茂铁亚胺卡宾络合物的合成、表征及其对Buchwald-Hartwig胺化反应的催化性质

合成了一个新的二茂铁亚胺环钯化卡宾络合物, 并经过IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS和X射线衍射对其单晶结构进行鉴定. 新合成的催化剂对空气和湿气都很稳定, 并且对氯代苯参与的Buchwald-Hartwig胺化反应有较好的催化活性, 在摩尔分数为0.5%的催化剂用量下, 3 h即可以达到中等以上的收率.     

Carbamic acid 2-trimethylsilylethyl ester as a new ammonia equivalent for palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl halides

Carbamic acid 2-trimethylsilylethyl ester (Teoc-NH₂) serves as an ammonia equivalent in the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides. Anilines with sensitive functional groups can be readily prepared using these amine derivatives.     

2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonyl amide as a new ammonia equivalent for palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl halides

2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonyl amide (SES-NH₂) is an ammonia equivalent for the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides. Using these amine derivatives, it has been observed that anilines and anilines with sensitive functional groups can be readily prepared.     

Palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl nonaflates

The first detailed study of the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl nonaflates is reported. Use of ligands 2-4 and 6 allows for the catalytic amination of electron-rich and -neutral aryl nonaflates with both primary and secondary amines. With use of Xantphos 5, the catalytic amination of a variety of functionalized aryl nonaflates resulted in excellent yields of anilines; even 2-carboxymethyl aryl nonaflate is effectively coupled with a primary alkylamine. Moderate yields were obtained when coupling halo-aryl nonaflates with a variety of amines, where in most cases the aryl nonaflate reacted in preference to the aryl halide. Overall, aryl nonaflates are an effective alternative to triflates in palladium-catalyzed C-N bond-forming processes due to their increased stability under the reaction conditions.