聚苯乙烯邻氨基苯甲酸负载钯催化剂的加氢性能研究

含有双配位基的聚苯乙烯邻氨基苯甲酸与钯络合物反应制得螫合的配位高分子钯催化剂。用甲醇-水(pH=12)还原可得晶粒分布均匀的胶态钯催化剂,它们对烯烃的加氢具有良好的催化作用。研究表明,钯络合物上原有配体的给予性常数(E_n)与负载后络合催化剂的加氢活性具有良好的线性关系,金属粒径为40—50A的催化剂对己烯-1的加氢活性最高。本文还研究了溶剂极性,载体孔结构及底物对催化剂活性的影响。     

Ni2P加氢脱硫催化剂

环境法规对硫氧化物脱出的限制日益严格以及原油品质的不断下降,使得有必要研发高效的加氢脱硫催化剂。Ni2P由于具有优异的加氢脱硫活性和稳定性,引起了广泛的关注。本文综述了Ni2P加氢脱硫催化剂的特性、反应活性相、制备方法、改进和加氢脱硫活性等方面的研究进展。在Ni2P中存在两种不同的初始活性位,四面体几何构型的Ni(1)初始活性位在加氢脱硫反应中参与直接脱硫反应,四方锥几何构型的Ni(2)初始活性位则与催化剂的高加氢活性有关。在加氢脱硫反应中,催化剂表面生成的NixSyP相被认为是真正的活性相。制备Ni2P的方法主要是程序升温还原和液相合成。载体、助剂和络合剂对Ni2P活性相的形成和催化剂的活性有重要影响。相比于商用硫化物催化剂,Ni2P催化剂对噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩均表现出更高的加氢脱硫活性。     

高分子钯络合物催化的亚胺化合物的加氢反应

制备了一系列以二氧化硅为载体的侧链上含有各种氮配位基团的聚硅氧烷-钯络合物,这些高分子钯络合物能够在常温常压下催化亚胺化合物的加氢反应并表现出不同程度的催化活性.对其中聚-(N,N-二乙酰基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧烷-钯络合物催化的亚苄基苯胺的加氢反应做了比较深入的研究,发现该催化剂在反应中是稳定的并给出唯一的加氢产物,络合物中的N/Pd原子比、反应温度以及不同底物对反应速度的影响也被报道.     

二苯并噻吩类硫化物在非负载型NiMoW催化剂上加氢脱硫反应机理

研究了二苯并噻吩(DBT)、4-甲基二苯并噻吩(4-MDBT)和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)在非负载型NiMoW催化剂上的加氢脱硫反应产物分布及反应机理,给出了它们在非负载型催化剂上加氢脱硫反应网络.研究发现,由于甲基的空间位阻效应,二苯并噻吩类化合物加氢脱硫转化率顺序为4,6-DMDBT≈4-MDBT＜DBT,而非负载型NiMoW催化剂具有很高的芳环加氢活性,有利于烷基取代的芳环加氢,减弱空间位阻效应,使烷基取代的二苯并噻吩类化合物得到有效脱除.DBT的脱硫产物会被进一步加氢,其产物分布与联苯加氢产物相似.4-MDBT有两种预加氢脱硫反应路径,甲基取代的苯环由于甲基的供电子效应会被优先加氢.非负载型催化剂存在的L酸中心会使部分4-MDBT和4,6-DMDBT通过脱甲基反应生成DBT再进行脱硫反应.     

新型配体三 (3,4-二甲氧基苯基) 膦的合成及其 Rh 配合物在 1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应中的催化性能

 将合成的三 (3,4-二甲氧基苯基) 膦 (TDMOPP) 用作 Rh 催化剂配体, 并用于 1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应, 考察了膦/铑比和反应温度对 Rh-TDMOPP 催化剂活性和选择性的影响. 结果表明, 在膦/铑比与反应温度较低时, Rh-TDMOPP 活性是 Rh-三苯基膦催化剂的 3 倍.     

1,3-丁二烯选择性加氢催化剂的设计策略以及构效关系

催化裂化是石油化工的核心单元之一.从催化裂化尾气中分离出来的碳四馏分富含许多的不饱和烯烃,如1-丁烯、顺、反式-2-丁烯以及少量的1,3-丁二烯,这些不饱和烯烃可以通过后续聚合反应,生成合成橡胶和工程塑料的重要原料,具有重要的应用价值.上述工艺过程对原料中1,3-丁二烯的含量(<100~200 ppm)有严苛的要求.采用选择性加氢技术对碳四馏分中的1,3-丁二烯进行选择性加氢,将其转化为更高附加值的单烯烃是一个理想的解决方案.然而,1,3-丁二烯加氢反应得到的单烯烃可能发生深度加氢得到副产物丁烷.因此,开发高效选择性加氢催化剂对碳四资源的利用具有重要的现实意义.另一方面,1,3-丁二烯加氢反应可以作为模型反应,用来考察选择性加氢催化剂的性能.基于此,该反应无论在工业界还是学术界均受到广泛关注.尽管如此,有关1,3-丁二烯加氢催化剂研究进展方面的综述极少.仅有关于1,3-丁二烯加氢作为模型反应的综述报道.本文对过去半个世纪以来1,3-丁二烯加氢反应中不同催化剂的发展历程进行系统综述,特别是包括Pd,Pt和Au等的单一贵金属催化剂.重点介绍以下内容:(1)固体催化剂构效关系,包括活性金属尺寸效应、晶面和形貌效应以及载体效应(晶相、孔道和酸碱性);(2)高性能催化剂的设计新策略,如单原子催化剂、核壳结构催化剂、金属-离子液复合催化体系以及载体的形貌调控;(3)催化剂的反应机理和失活机理.提出了1,3-丁二烯选择性加氢高性能催化剂开发面临的挑战,并对潜在的发展方向进行了展望.本文认为随着纳米技术和金属纳米材料合成方法的快速发展,对贵金属活性组分进行原子层面上的调控(包括形貌、尺寸以及单原子配位环境等)已成为可能.这将有助于研制出一类新型高性能选择性加氢催化材料,从而实现高转化率条件下高附加值单烯烃的定向转化.此外,载体的酸碱性和孔道结构的调控有助于进一步调节催化剂的抗积炭性能,也是未来发展的一个重要方向.     

Mo助剂含量对Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

 采用共浸渍法制备了 P/Ni 摩尔比为 2 的 Ni2P/SBA-15, 再通过二次浸渍引入助剂 Mo 制得 Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15, 将它调制成活性胶后均匀涂敷于预处理后的载体表面, 干燥焙烧后在氢气流中采用程序升温还原法, 制备了一系列 Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂. 采用 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附-脱附和 X 射线光电子能谱对催化剂结构进行了表征, 以二苯并噻吩为模型含硫化合物, 考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫性能. 结果表明, Mo 的加入增大了催化剂的比表面积, 在催化剂表面形成了 MoNiP2, 且 Ni2P 为主要活性物相. Mo 在催化剂表面主要以 Mo6+和 Moδ+形式存在; 当 w(Mo) = 4.2% 时, n(Mo)/n(Ni+Mo) = 0.18 的整体式催化剂上二苯并噻吩的转化率最高, 且在较低反应温度时以直接脱硫机理为主, 而较高反应温度时以加氢脱硫机理为主.     

1,3-丁二烯选择性加氢催化剂的设计策略以及构效关系

催化裂化是石油化工的核心单元之一.从催化裂化尾气中分离出来的碳四馏分富含许多的不饱和烯烃,如1-丁烯、顺、反式-2-丁烯以及少量的1,3-丁二烯,这些不饱和烯烃可以通过后续聚合反应,生成合成橡胶和工程塑料的重要原料,具有重要的应用价值.上述工艺过程对原料中1,3-丁二烯的含量(<100~200 ppm)有严苛的要求.采用选择性加氢技术对碳四馏分中的1,3-丁二烯进行选择性加氢,将其转化为更高附加值的单烯烃是一个理想的解决方案.然而,1,3-丁二烯加氢反应得到的单烯烃可能发生深度加氢得到副产物丁烷.因此,开发高效选择性加氢催化剂对碳四资源的利用具有重要的现实意义.另一方面,1,3-丁二烯加氢反应可以作为模型反应,用来考察选择性加氢催化剂的性能.基于此,该反应无论在工业界还是学术界均受到广泛关注.尽管如此,有关1,3-丁二烯加氢催化剂研究进展方面的综述极少.仅有关于1,3-丁二烯加氢作为模型反应的综述报道.本文对过去半个世纪以来1,3-丁二烯加氢反应中不同催化剂的发展历程进行系统综述,特别是包括Pd,Pt和Au等的单一贵金属催化剂.重点介绍以下内容:(1)固体催化剂构效关系,包括活性金属尺寸效应、晶面和形貌效应以及载体效应(晶相、孔道和酸碱性);(2)高性能催化剂的设计新策略,如单原子催化剂、核壳结构催化剂、金属-离子液复合催化体系以及载体的形貌调控;(3)催化剂的反应机理和失活机理.提出了1,3-丁二烯选择性加氢高性能催化剂开发面临的挑战,并对潜在的发展方向进行了展望.本文认为随着纳米技术和金属纳米材料合成方法的快速发展,对贵金属活性组分进行原子层面上的调控(包括形貌、尺寸以及单原子配位环境等)已成为可能.这将有助于研制出一类新型高性能选择性加氢催化材料,从而实现高转化率条件下高附加值单烯烃的定向转化.此外,载体的酸碱性和孔道结构的调控有助于进一步调节催化剂的抗积炭性能,也是未来发展的一个重要方向.     

介孔碳担载的 Co-Mo 和 Ni-Mo 加氢脱硫催化剂

 自制介孔碳 (CMC) 具有比传统活性碳 (AC) 更大的比表面积、孔径和孔体积, 以其为载体, 在浸渍液中加入螯合剂, 采用等量浸渍法制备了 Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂, 分别用于模型汽油和柴油加氢脱硫反应. 结果表明, Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂具有比 Co-Mo/AC 催化剂更好的织构性质和加氢脱硫活性. 在模型汽油的加氢脱硫反应中, Co-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性比工业催化剂 Co-Mo/Al2O3 高得多; 而在模型柴油的加氢脱硫反应中, Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性也比工业催化剂 FH-98 高得多.     

N—（3,4—二甲苯胺基）—D—核糖苷加氢新型负载化镍催化剂

将活性组分镍分别担载于活性炭,海泡石,γ－氧化铝,硅胶,锆胶,钛胶,ＮａＹ型分子筛,硅藻土和白土等载体上,用作Ｎ－（３,４－二甲苯胺基）－Ｄ－核糖苷加氢反应的催化剂。结果表明,载体酸碱性对加氢催化剂的活性与选择性有显著的影响,其中弱碱性的Ｎｉ／Ｃ是该氢化反应有效的催化剂,Ｎ－（Ｄ）－脱氧核糖醇基－３,４－二甲苯胺的收率可达３５％。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.