光果甘草乙酸乙酯相对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

酪氨酸酶是生物体合成黑色素的关键酶,实验以光果甘草为原料,研究其提取物乙酸乙酯相对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用及机理.采用L-多巴速率氧化法体外测定光果甘草提取物乙酸乙酯相对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性,并绘制了Lineweaver-Burk双倒数曲线以此判断其抑制类型.结果表明光果甘草提取物乙酸乙酯相半抑制浓度(IC50)为(266.5±1.4)mg/L.对酪氨酸酶抑制机理测定分析的结果表明,光果甘草提取物乙酸乙酯相对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用表现为可逆抑制,对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制类型是混合型抑制,抑制常数KI为(182.86±1.43)mg/L,α值为(15.49±0.68)mg/L.可见甘草提取物乙酸乙酯相对酪氨酸酶有较强抑制作用.     

乙酸乙酯与饱和碳酸钠溶液相互作用的探究

理论计算乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液作用的反应限度,设计实验并证实乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液可以反应得到乙酸钠和碳酸氢钠。通过对乙酸乙酯碱性水解机理的解读、讨论、分析,发现该反应速率极小,是因为碳酸钠溶液的强极性,导致乙酸乙酯与碳酸钠溶液相互作用的接触面积显著减小所致。     

α-正十二烷硫基乙酸乙酯的反相纸层析R_f图谱及其对钯的萃取

本文研究了α-正十二烷硫基乙酸乙酯在盐酸和硝酸体系中的R_f图谱,对四十多种金属离子进行反相纸层析,初步确定对钯具有优异的萃取性能,并用液-液萃取法研究了稀释剂和酸度对萃取钯的影响,测定了萃取络合物的组成为PdCl_2·2ELTA,探讨了萃取机理。     

胀果甘草提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

筛选胀果甘草是对蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制活性最强的提取物,并研究其对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制类型,探究其抑制作用机理。 考察了胀果甘草7种不同溶剂包括甘草酸、提酸废液、石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇及水提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用和对2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐(ABTS)自由基阳离子(ABTS·﹢)、羟基自由基(HO·)的清除作用,根据双倒数曲线图形判断对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用类型,结合抗氧化能力探究对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用机理。 在胀果甘草7种溶剂提取物中,以乙酸乙酯提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶具有最强的抑制作用,IC50为3.4775 g/L,双倒数曲线做图得到了一组纵轴截距不变的曲线,抑制常数K1为0.6667 g/L,胀果甘草乙酸乙酯提取物也具有最强的清除ABTS·﹢、HO·的能力,半清除浓度和速率常数分别为0.0442 g/L和4.634×108 L/(g·s)。 胀果甘草乙酸乙酯提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用是可逆竞争性抑制,推测其对酪氨酸酶的抑制是通过清除了氧自由基和作为竞争性底物而实现的。     

β-二酮化合物光稳定行为的研究

研究了β-二酮类化合物二苯甲酰甲烷、苯甲酰丙酮、对苯二甲酰乙酸乙酯的光稳定行为,在β-二酮类化合物的溶液中存在着烯醇式和酮式平衡。当以紫外光进行辐照时,烯醇式异构体不断减少,酮式的含量则不断增多。由于这些化合物有不同的互变异构化过程以及不同的氢键形成能力,因此,它们对高聚物有着不同的稳定化能力。我们提出的二苯甲酰甲烷的光稳定机理,不同于Otterstedt提出的机理。新的统一的光稳定机理尚待进一步深入研究.     

基于手持技术的乙酸乙酯水解实验研究

乙酸乙酯水解实验是中学有机化学中的重要实验,通过酯层减少或酯香味消失的时间来判断水解反应速率,实验效果并不理想。利用手持技术中的电导率传感器研究氢氧化钠溶液温度和浓度对乙酸乙酯水解反应速率的影响,以及不同酸碱性条件下的乙酸乙酯水解反应速率。将电导率传感器与pH传感器联用,同时测定乙酸乙酯水解过程的电导率和pH变化。对通过实验得到的电导率变化曲线和pH变化曲线进行分析,帮助中学教师和学生从定量的角度理解乙酸乙酯水解反应规律和微观实质,并阐释了此研究对中学化学实验及其教学的启示。     

烯烃环丙烷化反应催化研究

本文研究了用Cu(CH3CCHCCH3)2, Ph3PCuX, Cu(O2CCF3)2等催化剂催化四甲基乙烯和重氮乙酸乙酯的环丙烷化反应。结果表明配体吸电子能力越强, 立体位阻越小, 其催化活性也越强。考察了反应物与Cu(O2CCF3)2的配比, 反应温度对Cu(O2CCF3)2催化反应活性的影响。通过对Cu(O2CCF3)2催化活性中心的研究表明,催化活性中心是一价铜配合物, 并推断四甲基乙烯环丙烷化机理是经由金属卡宾机理。     

活性炭对乙酸乙酯的吸附和再生

研究了活性炭的孔结构和表面化学性质及水蒸气存在对活性炭吸附乙酸乙酯的影响. 结果表明,活性炭的微孔(＜1.70 nm)结构特征是活性炭吸附乙酸乙酯的主要因素,其表面性质对乙酸乙酯的吸附没有明显影响. 40 ℃下,具有丰富微孔的椰壳活性炭AC和Y2在乙酸乙酯入口体积分数为0.30%时,对乙酸乙酯的饱和吸附量分别为0.31和0.28 g/g. 在相对湿度低于40%时,活性炭对乙酸乙酯的饱和吸附量仍可达干燥条件下相应值的90%. 在180 ℃加热时可将吸附在活性炭上的乙酸乙酯有效地回收. 活性炭的吸附性能不受再生气体中所含少量O2的影响. 活性炭经6次再生循环使用,未发现其对乙酸乙酯的吸附性能发生变化.     

烯烃环丙烷化反应催化研究

本文研究了用Cu(CH3CCHCCH3)2, Ph3PCuX, Cu(O2CCF3)2等催化剂催化四甲基乙烯和重氮乙酸乙酯的环丙烷化反应。结果表明配体吸电子能力越强, 立体位阻越小, 其催化活性也越强。考察了反应物与Cu(O2CCF3)2的配比, 反应温度对Cu(O2CCF3)2催化反应活性的影响。通过对Cu(O2CCF3)2催化活性中心的研究表明,催化活性中心是一价铜配合物, 并推断四甲基乙烯环丙烷化机理是经由金属卡宾机理。     

乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合溶液中分散聚合制备单分散亚微米级聚丙烯酰胺微球

以乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合溶液为分散介质, PVP为分散剂, 通过分散聚合法合成了单分散亚微米级PAM微球. 在反应初期, 自动加速现象明显. 由于凝胶效应的影响, 分子量随着单体转化率的提高而逐渐增大. 考察了分散剂浓度对最终产物增率的影响, 并用IR光谱对产物的结构进行了表征, 证明分散聚合体系中吸附稳定机理和接枝稳定机理同时存在, 且以后者为主. 同时还研究了混合溶剂比例、分散剂浓度、初始单体浓度和引发剂浓度对微球粒径及粒径分布的影响. 结果表明, 乙酸乙酯/乙醇体积比在5∶5-7∶3范围内, 可得到粒径在200 nm左右, 且分布较窄的PAM微球; 分散剂浓度增大, 粒径减小; 引发剂浓度增加, 粒径增大; 初始单体浓度较高或较低时, 都得不到单分散性微球.     

The Influence of Doping Levels and Surface Termination on the Electrochemistry of Polycrystalline Diamond

The influence of surface chemistry and boron doping density on the redox chemistry of Fe(CN) at CVD polycrystalline diamond electrodes is considered. It is demonstrated that for this couple both the doping density and the surface chemistry are important in determining the rate of charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. For hydrogen terminated CVD diamond metallic electrochemical behavior is always observed, even at boron doping densities as low as 7×10¹⁸ cm^?3. In contrast, the electrochemical behavior of oxygen terminated CVD diamond varies with doping density, a metallic response being observed at high doping density and semiconductor behavior at low doping density. It is shown that the results attained may be explained by a surface state mediated charge transfer mechanism, thus demonstrating the importance of controlling surface chemistry in electroanalytical applications of diamond.     

A Unified Mechanism on the Formation of Acenes,Helicenes, and Phenacenes in the Gas Phase

A unified low-temperature reaction mechanism on the formation of acenes, phenacenes, and helicenes—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are distinct via the linear, zigzag, and ortho-condensed arrangements of fused benzene rings—is revealed. This mechanism is mediated through a barrierless, vinylacetylene mediated gas-phase chemistry utilizing tetracene, [4]phenacene, and [4]helicene as benchmarks contesting established ideas that molecular mass growth processes to PAHs transpire at elevated temperatures. This mechanism opens up an isomer-selective route to aromatic structures involving submerged reaction barriers, resonantly stabilized free-radical intermediates, and systematic ring annulation potentially yielding molecular wires along with racemic mixtures of helicenes in deep space. Connecting helicene templates to the Origins of Life ultimately changes our hypothesis on interstellar carbon chemistry.     

A Unified Mechanism on the Formation of Acenes,Helicenes, and Phenacenes in the Gas Phase

A unified low‐temperature reaction mechanism on the formation of acenes, phenacenes, and helicenes—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are distinct via the linear, zigzag, and ortho‐condensed arrangements of fused benzene rings—is revealed. This mechanism is mediated through a barrierless, vinylacetylene mediated gas‐phase chemistry utilizing tetracene, [4]phenacene, and [4]helicene as benchmarks contesting established ideas that molecular mass growth processes to PAHs transpire at elevated temperatures. This mechanism opens up an isomer‐selective route to aromatic structures involving submerged reaction barriers, resonantly stabilized free‐radical intermediates, and systematic ring annulation potentially yielding molecular wires along with racemic mixtures of helicenes in deep space. Connecting helicene templates to the Origins of Life ultimately changes our hypothesis on interstellar carbon chemistry.     

Direct measurements of HOx radicals in the marine boundary layer: testing the current tropospheric chemistry mechanism

OH and HO(2) radicals, atmospheric detergents, and the reservoir thereof, play central roles in tropospheric chemistry. In spite of their importance, we had no choice but to trust their concentrations predicted by modeling studies based on known chemical processes. However, recent direct measurements of these radicals have enabled us to test and revise our knowledge of the processes by comparing the predicted and observed values of the radical concentrations. We developed a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instrument and successfully observed OH and HO(2) at three remote islands of Japan (Oki Island, Okinawa Island, and Rishiri Island). At Okinawa Island, the observed daytime level of HO(2) agreed closely with the model estimates, suggesting that the photochemistry at Okinawa is well described by the current chemistry mechanism. At Rishiri Island, in contrast, the observed daytime level of HO(2) was consistently much lower than the calculated values. We proposed that iodine chemistry, usually not incorporated into the mechanism, is at least partly responsible for the discrepancy in the results. At night, HO(2) was detected at levels greater than 1 pptv at all three islands, suggesting the presence of processes in the dark that produce radicals. We showed that ozone reactions with unsaturated hydrocarbons, including monoterpenes, could significantly contribute to radical production.     

糖苷配合物与DNA作用机理的电化学研究进展

本文综述了糖苷配合物的合成、表征、生物功能及糖化学研究现状，并对糖苷功能配合物与DNA的作用机理及生物功能的电分析化学研究进行了探讨。着重讨论了应用电分析化学、谱学方法、单晶X-射线衍射分析来研究糖苷功能配合物。引用文献39篇。     

An approach to the understanding of radiation chemistry in the condensed phase

This paper describes a purely electronic mechanism by which ≈ 20 eV excitations in condensed phases relax to lower energy states. The mechanism utilizes an “energy fission” process whereby an ionic or excitonic state splits into two lower energy states, at least one being localized. The mechanism explains not only the known rapidity of such processes but also suggests an explanation for the proportionation of the chemistry between ionic and electronically excited states.     

OH-initiated oxidation of toluene. 1. Quantum chemistry investigation of the reaction path

In this paper we present the results of a detailed quantum chemistry investigation of the toluene-OH-O2 system, mostly at the B3LYP/6-311G(2df,2pd) level. We focus on OH addition followed by H abstraction to O2, a mechanism based on that proposed by Klotz et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2000, 2, 227] to explain the experimentally observed photolysis products. A notable feature of the calculated minimum energy pathway is the formation of ketone intermediates during the isomerization from the toluene oxides to the cresols. The quantum chemistry results largely support the plausibility of the mechanism proposed by Klotz et al. The system provides a rich set of reactions with which to test statistical kinetic theories.     

C60负离子化学的研究进展

中性的C60是很强的缺电子体,主要和亲核试剂进行化学反应.与之不同的是C60经还原生成负离子后,由缺电子变为富含电子,具有很强的亲核性质,可与亲电试剂进行反应.由于这种电子结构的变化,C60负离子进行的反应从机理至产物均有可能与中性富勒烯不同.从而丰富了富勒烯的反应方式和富勒烯产物的类型.结合我们的工作综述了C60负离子化学的研究进展,对丰富富勒烯化学、扩展富勒烯衍生物的种类及制备方法具有一定意义.     

论化学科学经验的传递机制——兼论化学课堂教学的最基本功能

从哲学本体论视角论述了化学科学经验传递机制,认为化学科学经验的课程化、教师化和学生化是化学科学经验传递的3个阶段,化学科学经验的学生化是化学课堂教学的最基本功能.     

Theoretical investigation of the gas-phase kinetics active during the GaN MOVPE

Quantum chemistry investigations have been performed to study the gas-phase chemistry active during the MOVPE of GaN when Ga(CH3)(3) and NH3, diluted in a H2 carrier gas, are used as precursors. Optimized molecular geometries, energies, and transition-state structures of gas-phase species have been determined with density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311+g(d,p) level. On the basis of the similarity with the soot formation mechanism active during hydrocarbon combustion, we propose that in this system a gas-phase chemistry is active and its reactivity is enhanced by a radical chain mechanism started from methyl radicals. Initiation reactions are surface processes or the pyrolysis of Ga(CH3)(3). A propagation mechanism composed of fast radical reactions, most of which without an activation energy, was identified, and kinetic constants were determined for each step. The proposed mechanism is able to describe the formation of large GaN adducts formed by up to three R-Ga-NH units. These molecules can give fast cyclization reactions that lead to the formation of six-membered cyclic species, which, similar to benzene for combustion, are thermodynamically stable in vast temperature and pressure ranges and can thus be considered as the first GaN nuclei. We also found that the presence of H2 as a carrier gas can greatly enhance the rate of formation of gas-phase particles because it is a major source of atomic hydrogen, a promoter of gas-phase reactivity.