异鼠李素与脱氧核糖核酸相互作用的电化学与紫外光谱法研究

采用电化学方法,结合紫外-可见光谱法研究异鼠李素(ISOR)在碳糊电极上与DNA的作用机制,并通过天然DNA(fsDNA)和变性DNA(ssDNA)与异鼠李素的作用的不同,得出异鼠李素与DNA分子发生嵌插作用的结论,形成DNA-2[ISOR] 1 : 2型的超分子化合物,求得结合常数β=1.03×105 L/mol.因此ISOR有可能成为一种用于DNA分析测定的新型探针.     

Ru(phen)2dppx2+光谱探针法研究道诺霉素与脱氧核糖核酸的相互作用

以核酸分子“光开关”Ru(phen)2dppx2 为探针,分别采用紫外-可见吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了抗癌药物道诺霉素(daunomycin,DNM)与小牛胸腺DNA之间的作用方式,结果表明:DNM是以插入的方式与DNA相互作用。Scatchard方程的研究表明,Ru(phen)2dppx2 与小牛胸腺DNA的结合比为1∶4~1∶5;表观结合常数为2.58×107L/mol。DNM加入后,表观结合常数大大降低,这也表明道诺霉素主要是以插入方式与DNA结合。作为研究核酸分子的荧光探针,与溴化乙锭相比,Ru(phen)2dppx2 具有灵敏度高、毒性低、稳定性好、选择性好、使用方便等优点。     

光谱法研究对氨基苯乙酮缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙与DNA的相互作用

合成了对氨基苯乙酮缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙(AAPABH),采用荧光光谱法和UV-Vis吸收光谱法研究了AAPABH与DNA的相互作用。在pH 7.4Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,以345 nm激发该化合物发射弱荧光,加入DNA后出现明显的荧光增强现象,表明探针分子与DNA结合形成了稳定配合物,其结合常数为5.48×107L/mol。研究了离子强度对体系荧光强度的影响,结果显示NaCl的加入未引起AAPABH-DNA体系荧光强度明显变化,表明AAPABH和DNA间不存在静电作用;同时DNA对AAPABH吸收光谱的影响表现为减色效应、探针分子与热变性后的DNA作用力明显小于与未变性DNA间的作用力、探针分子与溴化乙锭(EB)竞争结合DNA使得EB-DNA体系荧光猝灭,上述实验结果均表明探针分子主要以嵌插作用方式与DNA作用。     

盐酸胺碘酮的电化学测定及与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

建立了测定盐酸胺碘酮(Am)的新的电化学分析方法。采用电化学方法结合紫外、红外光谱分析,研究了Am与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。实验发现,在pH=5.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,Am在0.87V处有一灵敏的氧化峰,其氧化峰电流Ipa与Am的浓度在1.8×10-7～6.7×10-5 mol/L范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为6.0×10-8 mol/L。当BSA加入Am溶液后,Am的氧化峰电流降低,其氧化峰电流的降低值△Ipa与BSA的浓度在2.4×10-7～2.2×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,BSA的检出限(S/N=3)为9.0×10–8 mol/L。电化学研究表明,Am与BSA之间形成1∶1的结合物,结合常数为9.9×106 L/mol。紫外光谱表明Am的加入使BSA的吸收峰发生红移且有增色效应。傅立叶红外光谱表明Am与BSA分子中氨基酸残基的硫及氮原子形成键合作用。     

儿茶素与DNA分子间的相互作用机制研究

采用荧光光谱法和紫外光谱法研究了在生理酸度(pH=7.4)条件下儿茶素与DNA的作用方式.通过研究DNA与儿茶素相互作用的荧光和紫外光谱,并结合溴化乙锭荧光探针、Ⅰ￣离子效应、DNA熔点效应及盐效应等实验,探讨儿茶素与DNA的作用模式.研究结果表明儿茶素与DNA主要以嵌插方式发生结合.根据DNA对儿茶素荧光的猝灭,计算出儿茶素与DNA的结合常数为9.44×10-4L·mol-1,结合位点数为1.18.     

分子光谱法研究新型抗肿瘤前药双(β-二酮)Ti(Ⅳ)与DNA相互作用

在生理酸度(pH=7.4)下,采用紫外及荧光等分子光谱法研究了自制的双(β-二酮)Ti(Ⅳ)新型抗肿瘤前药与DNA之间的相互作用,考察了前药和溴化乙锭与鱼精DNA结合的竞争性.研究结果表明:DNA通过静态猝灭作用机制猝灭前药的荧光,并测得其在298K和308K时的猝灭常数(Kq)分别为8.590 3×1011和7.192 2×1011 L·mol-1·s-1,结合常数(Kd)分别为5.583 9×104和4.798 1×104 L·mol-1,结合位点数(n)为1.16和0.97;DNA的存在使前药的紫外吸收光谱发生减色效应且吸收波长产生红移;前药分子可插入DNA中置换出于DNA结合的溴化乙锭.这些结果说明前药分子以嵌插方式与DNA进行结合.     

卡维地洛的电化学测定及与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

建立了测定卡维地洛(CAR)新的电化学方法.结合紫外、红外光谱分析,研究了CAR与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.实验发现,在pH4.0Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,CAR在碳糊电极上产生3个不可逆的氧化峰.以0.92V处的氧化峰为研究对象,结果发现峰电流Ipa,1与CAR浓度在2.45×10-5～1.19×10-3mol/L范围呈良好的线性关系,CAR的检出限为5.6×10-6mol/L.当BSA加入CAR溶液后,CAR峰电流降低,氧化峰电流的降低值△Ipa,1与BSA的浓度在2.92×10-7～1.09×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,BSA的检出限为4.1×10-8mol/L.电化学结果表明,CAR与BSA之间形成1∶1的结合物,结合常数为3.14×106L/mol.紫外光谱表明CAR的加入使BSA的吸收峰发生红移且有增色效应.红外光谱表明CAR与BSA分子中氨基酸残基的硫及氮原子形成键合作用.     

异烟肼与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱和电化学研究

本文用自制L-天冬氨酸修饰电极(PLA/GCE),采用循环伏安法研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与异烟肼(INH)的相互作用,并与荧光光谱法、紫外-可见光谱法进行了比较。使用循环伏安法和荧光光谱法,测得异烟肼与牛血清白蛋白的结合常数K分别为1.544×10~4、1.479×10~4 L/mol,结合位点数均接近1.1。实验测得异烟肼对牛血清白蛋白是静态猝灭。异烟肼的浓度与牛血清白蛋白的荧光强度的降低在2.5×10~(-7)~4.5×10~(-4) mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10~(-7) mol/L。BSA的浓度与异烟肼的氧化峰电流的下降在1.0×10~(-9)~5.0×10~(-5) mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为5.0×10~(-10) mol/L。该方法可用于样品中异烟肼和牛血清白蛋白的测定。     

培氟沙星-Al(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA的相互作用研究

利用荧光和紫外光谱法研究了培氟沙星(PEF)-Al3 配合物与DNA的相互作用.培氟沙星(PEF)能与Al3 生成PEF-Al(Ⅲ)二元配合物,该配合物能与DNA发生相互作用.利用DNA与PEF-Al(Ⅲ)作用能猝灭体系荧光强度的性质测定DNA,其线性范围为8.0×10-6～2.25×10-4 mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-6 mol/L.讨论了反应的最佳条件及其结合机理.     

木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷与双链DNA的相互作用研究

采用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)、紫外吸收光谱(UV)以及荧光光谱结合溴化乙锭荧光探针研究黄酮类化合物木犀草 素-7-O-葡萄糖苷与双链DNA的相互作用. 质谱研究结果表明木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷可与双链DNA形成复合物, 且Lug与DNA之间存在氢键作用, 通过串联质谱数据推断出其结合模式为插入型. 紫外吸收光谱研究结果表明DNA的加入使木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷产生明显的减色红移效应, 说明该化合物可能插入DNA双螺旋碱基对间. 荧光光谱研究结果表明木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷能引起溴化乙锭-DNA体系荧光强度明显减弱和波长轻微蓝移, 主要是单一的静态猝灭, 猝灭常数K_q=8.61×10¹¹ L·mol^-1·s^-1, 进一步说明Lug与DNA的主要作用方式为插入型.     

Advances of sensitive techniques in laser spectroscopy

Different techniques are used for the sensitive detection of overtone transitions of small molecules, such as H₂S, C₂H₂, OCS, O₃ in the visible and near infrared region. The techniques include: phase-modulated or wavelength-modulation absorption spectroscopy with a widely tunable single mode diode laser, opto-acoustic spectroscopy in resonance cells with a color center laser or a Ti:Sapphire laser, and sub-Doppler opto-thermal spectroscopy in cold collimated molecular beams, using a low temperature bolometer as detector. The three techniques are compared with regard to sensitivity and spectral resolution. The mass selective sensitive detection of small metal clusters Li₃ and Na₃ and their high resolution sub-Doppler spectroscopy, using resonant two-photon ionization with cw lasers, is briefly discussed.     

Decongestion of methylene spectra in biological and non-biological systems using picosecond 2DIR spectroscopy measuring electron-vibration–vibration coupling

Methylene is found in the repeat units of many polymers including proteins. In some cases it appears to be a useful reporter of variation in local environment whilst in other contexts average behaviour seems to dominate. In this paper we apply a particular 2DIR technique to a range of systems containing methylene groups, showing that mode frequencies, linewidths and splittings can be easily extracted even when the infrared absorption bands are too congested to allow reliable analysis. 2DIR spectra of polyethylene and several liquid alkanes are compared and it is shown for the case of l-arginine that the methylene scissor modes are split and that this can be resolved by tracking the 2DIR spectrum as a function of time. Calculations from first principles reveal that for most of the methylene modes studied, electrical anharmonicity is the dominant contributor to the 2DIR cross-peak intensity, with the mechanical anharmonicity making only a small contribution.     

Study of the thermal decomposition of a sepiolite by mid- and near-infrared spectroscopies

Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopies were used to characterize the hydroxyl groups present in a sepiolite and its calcination products at 250, 500 and 800 °C. Calcining the sepiolite at 250 °C was found to result in its dehydration through the loss of coordination water. Raising the calcination temperature to 500 °C caused the sepiolite structure to fold and hydroxyl groups in octahedral layers to be removed. Finally, calcination at 800 °C resulted in a phase change leading to enstatite, as confirmed by XRD spectroscopy.     

Terahertz Time‐Domain Spectroscopy of Gases,Liquids, and Solids

The techniques and methods employed in the spectroscopic characterization of gases, liquids, and solids in the terahertz frequency range are reviewed. Terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy is applied to address a broadband frequency range between 100 GHz and 5 THz with a sub‐10 GHz frequency resolution. The unique spectral absorption features measured can be efficiently used in material identification and sensing. Possibilities and limitations of fundamental and industrial applications are discussed.     

Polarization Dependent Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Applications

Polarization dependent time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy has proven to be a useful technique to study the structural dynamics in a photochemical process. The angular information of transient species is obtainable in this measurement, which makes it a valuable technique for the investigation of electron distribution, molecular structure, and conformational dynamics. In this review, we briefly introduce the principles and applications of polarization dependent TRIR spectroscopy. We mainly focused on the following topics: (i) an overview of TRIR spectroscopy, (ii) principles of TRIR spectroscopy and its advantages compared to the other ultrafast techniques, (iii) examples that use polarization dependent TRIR spectroscopy to probe a variety of chemical and dynamical phenomena including protein conformational dynamics, excited state electron localization, and photoisomerization, (iv) the limitations and prospects of TRIR spectroscopy.     

The Kinetic and Mechanistic Evaluation of NMR Spectra. New analytical methods (18)

In addition to the static parameters of the chemical shifts and coupling constants, which serve as a source of knowledge for molecular structure and stereochemistry, an NMR spectrum can frequently furnish dynamic quantities characterizing relaxation and exchange phenomena. The information about nuclear switching processes has proved to be particularly useful in practice for the detection of internal molecular motions and for the estimation or determination of the corresponding energy barriers. A plethora of studies of this nature has in the past been performed on simple proton spectra. Methodological developments of recent years have led to a significant reduction of the effort required for the quantitative dynamic evaluation of NMR spectra arising from complex spin systems or involving other nuclei. In many cases it has, moreover, become possible to extract detailed mechanistic information inaccessible by other means. The practical execution of such analyses will be explained and illustrated by a selected number of applications.     

Isolation and Spectroscopic Characterization of New Endohedral Fullerenes in the Size Gap of C74 to C76

New alkaline earth metal endohedral fullerenes Sr@C₇₄, Sr@C₇₆‐I, II and Ca@C₇₄, prepared by means of the RF‐method, have been isolated using multistep HPLC. The purity was ascertained by anionic LDI TOF mass spectroscopy, considering the isotopic patterns of the compounds. The influence of the incorporated metal on the electronic structure has been studied by VIS‐NIR and Raman spectroscopy. Photoexcited triplet‐state EPR spectroscopy was used to investigate the structure of these otherwise EPR‐silent fullerenes. Displaying the frequency of the cage vs. encapsulated metal vibrational modes as a function of the square root of the reciprocal masses of the metals clearly separates the M³⁺@C_n^3— and the M²⁺@C_n^2— families. This seems to be a generally applicable tool for monitoring the metal to fullerene charge transfer.