原子吸收法测定分子筛及矿石中的钠和钾

原子吸收法测定矿石中钠和钾已有很多报导,通常采用空气-乙炔火焰。据报导,在空气-乙炔火焰中,2μg/ml钠22％电离,5μg/ml钾30％电离。为克服这种干扰,需要加消电离剂。我们采用空气-液化石油气火焰,测定分子筛及矿石中的钠与钾。测定步骤:(1)矿石分析:于铂金坩埚中,用5～10毫升氢氟酸处理0.03～0.05克(准至0.0002     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定长石中的钾和钠

建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定长石中钾和钠的含量。样品采用硝酸–氢氟酸进行消解,用10 mL 5%的硝酸加热浸取后加水称量试液的质量,用火焰原子吸收分光光度仪进行测定。氧化钾和氧化钠的质量浓度在0.00～40.28μg/g范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 3～0.999 4,方法检出限为0.002 8～0.007 9μg/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.78%～3.91%(n=6),测定值与标准值的相对误差为–1.70%～1.52%。该方法操作简单、快速,结果准确、可靠,满足地质样品的检测要求,适用于长石中钾和钠的测定。     

火焰原子吸收法测定国际比对水样中的钾、钠、钙、镁

研究用火焰原子吸收法测定水样中的钾、钠、钙、镁。测定钙、镁时，采用氯化镧作为释放剂，测定钾、钠时，采用氯化铯作电离抑制剂。钾、钠、钙、镁工作曲线的线性范围分别为0.5-2.0,1.0-5.0,0.5-5.0,0.5-5.0μg/mL，线性相关系数r均大于0.999。该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.3%-2.4%。用于NATA水样国际比对试验，测定结果优秀。     

水、尿、血、发中钾、钠的火焰光度法测定

本法就其火焰的稳定性虽不如原子吸收分光光度法为佳,但方法迅速、准确,勿需昂贵设备。对试样中ppm级钾、钠的测定可以获得满意结果的。本文用火焰光度法试验了测定钾、钠的酸度,钙、镁等干扰元素及其消除。并用该法与电极法相对照,满意地测定了水、尿、血及发中钾、钠的含量。 1.仪器: (1)国产6400型火焰光度计;(2)国产DD-2B型电极电位仪;K离子选择性电极;pNa6801型玻璃电极;217型甘汞电极;232型甘汞电极。     

微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定焦炭灰中钾、钠含量

0.100 0g焦炭灰样品经氢氟酸-硝酸(1+3)溶液8mL消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中钾和钠的含量。钾和钠的质量浓度分别在4mg.L-1及2mg.L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)分别为12μg.L-1及6μg.L-1。方法用于分析焦炭灰标准物质,测定值与认定值相符,钾和钠的相对标准偏差(n=11)依次在2.7%～3.8%和1.3%～3.1%之间。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定变形高温合金GH4169中痕量钾、钠

建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定变形高温合金GH4169中痕量钾、钠。称取0.5000 g样品,用8 mL混合酸(硝酸-氢氟酸-水的体积比为1∶1∶1)溶解,加入5 mL丙酮以提升灵敏度,在选定的仪器工作条件下进行测定。结果表明,钾元素采用样品标准加入法,钠元素采用镍基体匹配标准曲线法,溶液中钾、钠的质量浓度在0~500μg/L范围内与吸光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9980、0.9983,钾、钠的检出限分别为0.000098%、0.000058%。钾、钠9次重复测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.8%~7.0%、2.2%~7.9%,加标回收率分别为97%~110%、95%~107%。该方法满足变形合金GH4169中钾、钠含量的检测要求。     

聚氧化乙烯絮凝-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中水溶性钾、钠、钙、镁、硫酸根

建立了聚氧化乙烯絮凝-4000r/min离心,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定土壤水溶性钠钾钙镁硫酸根离子的方法。本法在常规方法浸提的基础上,加入聚氧化乙烯絮凝剂使溶液中的胶体形成絮凝物聚沉,制得澄清溶液,消除了胶体对钾、钠、钙、镁吸附的干扰;采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法一次性测定钾、钠、钙、镁、硫酸根,相较传统方法简便快速,结果准确可靠。本法各离子检出限为0.37-2.91g/g,相对标准偏差小于5.55%,完全满足检测要求。该法操作简便,快速,实用性强,对环境无二次污染,已成功应用于土壤水溶性钾、钠、钙、镁、硫酸根离子的测试分析中,适合土壤批量样品分析。     

光化学—荧光分析法研究——Ⅳ.磺胺嘧啶的光化学-荧光测定法

本文利用光化学反应,采用荧光检测手段,建立了磺胺嘧啶的光化学-荧光分析法。该法的线性范围为0.02～3.2μg/ml,检测限为0.02μg/ml,0.8μg/ml磺胺嘧啶标样的测定的相对标准偏差为2.6％(n=12)。该法用于磺胺嘧啶的测定,结果满意,回收率为92.8～106.9％,平均回收率98.8％(n=6)。该法操作简便、快速,容易实现在线分析。应用质谱、红外光谱、纸色谱、薄层色谱以及同步扫描荧光光谱等手段,对该光化反应过程进行了初步探讨,提出了一种可能的光化反应机制。     

顺序注射停留分光光度法测定磺胺乙酰钠

在HCl浓度为5.0×10-4mol/L时,磺胺乙酰钠-NaNO2-1-萘胺的重氮化偶合反应,生成不稳定的红色产物,利用顺序注射停留技术在473nm波长处检测该不稳定产物,建立了快速自动测定磺胺乙酰钠的新方法。该方法线性范围为5～2500μg/mL,检出限为0.018μg/mL,进样频率为62个/h。应用于药物中磺胺乙酰钠的测定,并与药典规定方法进行对照。     

毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测法分离检测谷胱甘肽及其构成氨基酸

以4-氯-7-硝基苯并-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑(NBD-Cl)为柱前衍生试剂,建立了一种毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光直接检测氧化型和还原型谷胱甘肽及其构成氨基酸(谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸)的新方法。经过实验条件的优化,采用25 mmol/L硼砂-20 mmol/L聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij-35)-5%乙腈(pH 9.5)的缓冲体系,在柱温为25°C、分离电压为20 kV的条件下,压力进样3447.5 Pa(0.5 psi)×3 s,五种物质在11 min内实现高效基线分离。在该方法下,还原型谷胱甘肽、氧化型谷胱甘肽、谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸的线性范围分别为:1～50μg/mL,1～50μg/mL,0.5～25μg/mL,1～50μg/mL,0.1～20μg/mL;检测限分别为:0.1μg/mL,0.1μg/mL,0.005μg/mL,0.1μg/mL,0.001μg/mL。以还原型谷胱甘肽钠粉针剂为样品,方法的加标回收率为99.5%～110.7%,相对标准偏差为0.26%～3.272%(n=3)。该方法准确、快速、灵敏、检测限低,有望用于样品中氧化型和还原型谷胱甘肽及其构成氨基酸的含量分析。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).