浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品包装材料中锑

以吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为络合剂,在pH5.0乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,痕量锑(Ⅲ)与APDC生成络合物,加入表面活性剂TritonX-114用浊点萃取分离富集样品中痕量锑。分取部分表面活性剂相用0.1mol·L-1硝酸甲醇溶液溶解,所得溶液直接用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行测定。对影响浊点萃取的因素和共存离子的干扰等进行了试验并予以优化。方法的检出限(3σ/k)为0.37μg.L-1。应用所提出的方法测定了食品包装材料陶瓷样品中锑的含量,并用标准加入法进行方法的回收试验,测得回收率为99.3%。     

浊点萃取富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量锌

以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)为络合剂,在pH 7.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,痕量锌(Ⅱ)与PAN生成络合物,加入非离子表面活性剂OP-8用浊点萃取分离富集水样中痕量锌。分取部分表面活性剂相用盐酸溶解,所得溶液直接用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行测定。对影响浊点萃取的因素和共存离子的干扰等进行了试验并予以优化。方法的检出限(3σ)为2.4μg.L-1。应用所提出的方法测定了水样中锌的含量,并用标准加入法进行方法的回收试验,测得回收率在95.0%~103.6%之间。     

浊点萃取富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法同时测定环境水样和中药中超痕量铅和镉

提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法同时测定环境水样和中药中超痕量铅与镉的方法.以双硫腙为络合剂,在pH 7.0时,用Triton X-114非离子表面活性剂浊点萃取富集样品溶液中痕量铅和镉.用硝酸镁和磷酸二氢铵的混合液作为基体改进剂测定铅和镉,铅和镉的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.138,0.007μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为1.90%,2.08%.对于10 mL样品溶液的富集倍数分别为18.3,17.7.应用所提出的方法测定了杨树叶(GBW 07604)和小麦粉(GBW08503)国家标准样品,测定结果与标准值相符.铅和镉的加标回收率分别为97.8%,94.0%(水样);98.0%,94.0%(中药样).     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定菠菜中镁、锌和铜

在pH 8.0缓冲溶液中,以8-羟基喹啉为螯合剂,镁、锌和铜均与8-羟基喹啉生成螯合物,加入Triton X-100表面活性剂用浊点萃取分离富集菠菜样品中镁、锌和铜。分取部分表面活性剂相用乙醇定容至25mL,所得溶液直接用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行测定。对影响浊点萃取的因素和共存离子的干扰等进行了试验并予以优化。镁、锌和铜的检出限(3s/k)依次为0.057,0.064,0.032mg.L-1。应用此法测定了大叶菠菜和小叶菠菜中3种元素的含量,在两种样品中用标准加入法进行方法的回收试验,测得镁的回收率在93.3%～100.5%之间;锌的回收率在91.7%～97.9%之间;铜的回收率在94.0%～107.1%之间。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定淡水鱼中痕量铅

采用以双硫腙为络合剂、Triton X-100为表面活性剂的新型浊点萃取体系富集淡水鱼中的痕量铅,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法对其进行测定。探讨了溶液pH、表面活性剂浓度、络合剂用量、平衡温度、平衡时间等对浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的影响,优化了实验条件。在最佳条件下测得铅的检出限为0.090μg/L,校准曲线相关系数为0.9999。该方法已用于淡水鱼中痕量铅的测定。     

浊点萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中痕量铅的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂,在pH 8.0的硼砂溶液中,用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114浊点萃取样品溶液中痕量铅。选用15.0 g·L~(-1)硼氢化钾溶液作为产生氢化铅的还原剂,氢化物发生反应在盐酸(1+99)介质中进行,铅的质量浓度在0.05～3.2μg·L~(-1)范围内与其相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.016μg·L~(-1)。应用此方法测定了水中铅的含量,测得回收率在96.5%～104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

正交设计优化浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)

建立了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的方法。Cd(Ⅱ)可与8-羟基喹啉生成螯合物,通过水浴加热,螯合物被萃取到Triton X-45表面活性剂相,经离心与水相分离。在单因素基础上,采用L27(313)正交试验方法优化浊点萃取条件,详细探讨了溶液pH、试剂加入量、水浴温度和时间等实验条件对浊点萃取的影响。在最优条件下,Cd(Ⅱ)在0.05~0.50μg/L范围与吸光度有良好的线性关系,方法检出限为1.7ng/L,相对标准偏差为0.54%(n=6),加标回收率为96.2%~101.5%,对于10mL样品溶液其富集倍数为18.4。建立的方法可用于环境水样中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的测定。     

人血白蛋白制品中超痕量铝的测定

建立了浊点萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定人血白蛋白样品中超痕量铝的新方法。探讨了溶液酸度、络合剂的种类及浓度、非离子表面活性剂的浓度、平衡时间及温度等因素对浊点萃取过程的影响。以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚为络合剂,Triton X-114为非离子表面活性剂,浊点萃取分离富集10mL样品溶液,Al(Ⅲ)的富集倍数为34.8,在最佳工作条件下,铝的检出限为0.06μg/L;样品测定的相对标准偏差(n=7)为3.6%,加标回收率95.6%~98.4%。方法适合人血白蛋白样品中超痕量铝的分析测定。     

浊点萃取预富集胶束增稳室温燐光法测定吲哚-3-丁酸

提出了以非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100为萃取剂的浊点萃取预富集吲哚-3-丁酸,进而用胶束增稳室温燐光法对其进行测定的新方法。通过加入氯化钠降低表面活性剂溶液的浊点,使浊点萃取得以在15℃的环境温度下顺利完成。在基于浊点萃取而进行的相分离之后,富表面活性剂相以水适当稀释,然后用胶束增稳室温燐光法测定其中被富集的吲哚-3-丁酸。在最佳条件下,工作曲线的线性范围为1.0×10-8~2.4×10-7mol/L,检出限(信噪比为3)为7.4×10-9mol/L。方法用于自来水、江水、池塘水和土壤等强化样品中吲哚-3-丁酸的测定,回收率95%~105%,相对标准偏差2.5%~4.8%。     

超声辅助浊点萃取-原子荧光光谱法测定水中痕量汞

为了适应水中痕量汞的分析要求,降低汞的检出限,建立了一种超声辅助浊点萃取预富集联合原子荧光光谱法测定水样中痕量汞的方法。该方法采用硫代米氏酮为络合剂,以非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-114为萃取剂,将水样中的痕量汞富集于表面活性剂相。在原子荧光光谱分析前,加入磷酸三丁酯作为消泡剂,用5%盐酸溶液定容,富集倍数可以达到10倍。优化萃取体系pH、络合剂用量、萃取剂用量、超声平衡条件等浊点萃取的条件,在最优条件下,该方法检出限为0.003 μg/L,相对标准偏差为4.2%~8.6%,加标回收率为85%~106%。结果表明,超声辅助浊点萃取-原子荧光法能够适用于对地表水、自来水等清洁水样中痕量汞的分析,且具有更低的检出限,良好的准确度和精密度,能够适应于更高的样品分析要求。     

Design of rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction of ultra-trace lead combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination

In this work, traditional cloud point extraction (CPE) pattern was changed and improved by the proposed rapidly synergistic CPE. Using octanol as cloud point revulsant and synergic reagent, non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) accomplished room temperature extraction rapidly without heating in water bath. The improved extraction was named as rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction (RS-CPE). Compared with traditional CPE, RS-CPE was accomplished in 1 min with considerably high extraction efficiency. The improved CPE pattern was coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the extraction and detection of trace lead in real and certified water samples with satisfactory analytical results. The proposed method greatly improved the sensitivity of FAAS for the determination of lead. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for lead was 4.3 μg/L, with enhancement factor (EF) of 39. Factors influencing RS-CPE efficiency, such as concentrations of surfactant TX-114 and octanol, concentration of chelating agent, pH, conditions of phase separation, environmental temperature, salt effect and instrumental conditions, were studied systematically.     

Cloud point extraction preconcentration of manganese(II) from natural water samples using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone and triton X-100 and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

The possibility was investigated by using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) as the chelating reagent for separation and preconcentration of manganese(II) by cloud point extraction (CPE) and subsequent determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effects of experimental conditions such as pH, concentration of chelating agent and surfactant, equilibration temperature and time on cloud point extraction were studied. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration of 10 ml of sample solution permitted the detection of 1.45 ng mL(-1) of manganese with an enrichment factor of 20. The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace manganese in water samples with satisfactory results.     

浊点萃取-热喷雾火焰炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量锌(Ⅱ)

建立了以吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为络合剂、TritonX-100为表面活性剂的浊点萃取-热喷雾火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量锌的方法.考查了APDC的浓度、溶液酸度、表面活性剂浓度、加热时间、水浴温度、干扰离子等实验条件对浊点萃取效率的影响.在最优化的实验条件下.方法的检出限为0.1 ng/mL,RsD为4...     

Cloud Point Extraction of Serum Albumin and Its Spectrophotometric Determination in Serum Samples

Abstract

A new method based on the cloud point extraction (CPE) separation and ultraviolet spectrometry determination was proposed for the determination of albumin. When the system temperature is higher than the cloud point extraction temperature (CPT) of the mixed surfactant of p‐octyl polyethyleneglycolphenyether (Triton X‐100) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), serum albumin could be extracted into surfactant‐rich phase. The main factors affecting the cloud point extraction were investigated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, the determination limit for serum albumin as low as 0.18 µg/mL was obtained by preconcentrating a 10 mL sample solution, and the relative standard deviation (n=10, c=40.0 µg/mL) was 3.77%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of albumin in serum samples. The results obtained by this method were in good agreement with coomassie brilliant blue (CBB).     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中的痕量钴

研究了基于表面活性剂Triton X-114和络合剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵（APDC）浊点萃取钴的样品前处理方法.优化了浊点萃取条件参数,包括pH值、Triton X-114用量、APDC浓度、平衡温度及时间等,建立了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钴的方法.该法的检测限（3σ）为2.6μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为6.2%（n=7,c=200μg/L）.该法成功地应用于海带、维生素B12注射液等样品中钴的测定.     

Preconcentration of copper by cloud point extraction with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and determination by neutron activation

A method for the preconcentration of Cu(II) by cloud point extraction (CPE) followed by its determination using neutron activation analysis (NAA) was developed. The method involves the use of a nonionic surfactant, namely PONPE-7.5, and a chelating agent 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The phase diagram of the surfactant was constructed and the effects of different additives on the cloud point were investigated. Factors, such as the solution pH, ionic strength, temperature, and concentrations of chelating agent and surfactant, which can influence the extraction efficiency of the metal, were optimized. The copper(II) chelate was extracted into a surfactant-rich phase of small volume with a recovery of nearly 100% and a preconcentration factor of 60. The small volume of the surfactant-rich phase obtained complies with the green chemistry concept, allowing the design of extraction procedures having lower toxicity than those using organic solvents. The method was applied to tap water samples.     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定自来水及酒类样品中的痕量铁

利用非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100在温度高于其浊点时形成相分离行为,建立了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定痕量铁的新方法,探讨优化了以KSCN为显色剂,TritonX-100浊点萃取富集痕量铁的实验条件.研究发现:加入正辛醇可使TritonX-100的浊点降低约30℃,有利于萃取实验的进行;同时,加入的正辛醇与TritonX-100对痕量铁起到了协同萃取作用.在优化了的实验条件下,进行了痕量铁的分析,检出限为0.02mg·L-1,加标回收率为97.4%～101.6%,应用于自来水及酒类样品中痕量铁的测定,结果满意.     

Cloud point extraction and preconcentration of gold in geological matrices prior to flame atomic absorption determination

Brilliant green was used as a complexing agent in cloud point extraction (CPE) and applied for selective preconcentration of trace amounts of gold in geological matrices. The analyte in the initial aqueous solution was acidified with hydrochloric acid (0.1 M) and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) was added as a surfactant. After phase separation, based on the cloud point separation of the mixture, the surfactant rich phase was diluted with methanol and the analyte determined in the surfactant rich phase by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). After optimization of the complexation and extraction conditions, a preconcentration factor of 31 was obtained for only 10 mL of sample. The analytical curve was linear in the range of 3–1000 ng mL⁻¹ and the limit of detection was 1.5 ng mL⁻¹. The proposed method was applied to the determination of gold in geological samples.