二氧化氮溶于水定量实验的设计与研究

设计了NO2溶于水的定量实验。实验发现,把装满NO2的试管倒立于水中,待数分钟后试管内液面基本稳定,此时管内液体上升的体积远大于试管容积的2/3,若等待时间足够长(14 h),液体可充满整个试管。进一步研究表明,造成这种现象的可能原因,一方面与制取NO2时浓硝酸的饱和蒸气压有关,另一方面与NO自身溶于水并与水溶氧反应有关,还与NO能溶于稀硝酸有关,而与NO2的二聚无关。液体能充满整个试管可能应与氧气在水中的扩散有紧密关系。     

锌与硝酸铜溶液反应的实验探究

Zn与Cu(NO3)2溶液发生反应,Zn置换Cu(NO3)2 溶液中的Cu,生成Cu和Zn(NO3)2,这似乎是理所当然的简单反应,但实验的现象却不是想象的那么简单: [实验1] 在一支大试管中注入1/3试管的1 mol/L Cu(NO3)2溶液,插入一块Zn片(高于液面的长度),静置观察,结果发现:①在反应的初期,Zn片上有大量气泡冒出,同时液面的上一层Cu(NO3)2溶液开始呈显绿色,并且逐渐向液面下的深处扩散,试管底部有红色的Cu泥出现.     

一套装置多处妙用

在高一化学教材《化学1（必修）》的“非金属及其化合物”一章中,涉及氯气（Cl2）、二氧化硫（SO2）、氮的氧化物（NO、NO2）、氨气（NH3）等有毒气体的实验较多。这些气体实验,学生、教师都很担心中毒。在教学实践中,本人用一套普通的装置（见图1）,多次在有毒气体的制取和性质实验中使用,有效地解决了有毒气体的污染问题（图中的试管可根据实验需要选用完好试管或底部破损有孔的试管）。     

趣味药物化学小实验3则

1　维生素 C趣味小实验1 .1　实验内容取规格为 0 .5g、2 m L的维生素 C注射液 ,用玻璃棒将药剂瓶上端敲破 ,将维生素 C溶液全部转移入一支大试管中 ,并在其中加入 8m L蒸馏水 ,振荡 ,使混合均匀。将上述溶液平均分装入 A、B、C、D、E、F6支小试管中 ,然后将小试管排在试管架上。在 A试管中滴加紫色 KMn O4 溶液 ,溶液立即褪色。在 B试管中滴加溴水 ,溴水颜色迅速消失。在 C试管中滴加碘水 ,碘水很快褪色。在 D试管中滴加 Ag NO3溶液 ,试管中立即出现大量黑色沉淀 ;再在试管中滴加30 % H2 O2 溶液 ,试管中立即有大量气体产生 ;将…     

二氧化氮的制取及与水反应实验器

正高一年级化学课本"氮的循环"[1]一节中,涉及了NO2的产生及其与H2O反应的2个实验。教材中,NO2的制取采用试管作反应器,产物NO2(一种有毒气体)直接排放到空气中,造成环境污染,危害师生健康,这不是一个绿色化的教学实验。笔者经过系统的研究、探讨及数百次的实验[2],研制出"二氧化氮的制取及与水反应实验器"[3](以下简称实验器)。实验器已获得国家发明专利,专利号:201120472676.2,图2所示的实验器已在本校     

介质阻挡放电引发氮氧化物等离子体化学反应

在523 K介质阻挡放电条件下,研究了不同气体组分体系中NO的转化.实验表明,在无氧体系(NO/N2)中,转化的NO主要分解为N2和O2.在富氧(NO/O2/N2)条件下,由于NO和NO2的生成, NO的转化率最低.体系中加入C2H4(NO/C2H4/N2)时, NO转化率与NO/N2体系几乎一样,与NO相比,生成的O更易与C2H4作用,几乎没有NO2的生成.当C2H4和O2共存时(NO/O2/C2H4/N2),NO主要被氧化为NO2.当能量密度为125 J•L－1时, 与其它体系相比,NO/O2/C2H4/N2体系中NO转化率和NO2生成量最大,转化每个 NO分子能耗最小(61 eV).体系中C2H4主要被氧化为CO.四个体系中N2O的生成量都较少.讨论了介质阻挡放电条件下上述四个体系可能的反应机制.     

“乙醇的催化氧化”实验改进

利用硝普钠、纸巾等生活中常见物品,改进"乙醇的催化氧化"实验。1实验用品酒精灯、试管、烧杯、小量筒、纸巾、胶头滴管、直径约1mm铜丝、酒精、硝普钠、2 mol/L NaOH溶液等。2实验步骤及现象(1)取一支注射用硝普钠(规格:50 mg),加5mL水溶解,制得1%Na2Fe(CN)5NO溶液。该溶液对光敏感,其保存和应用不应超过24h。如果是做学生分组实验,可以通过淘宝网购买该溶液使用,价格更低,操作更简便。     

苏联中等学校七年级化学实验(下)

实验6.氢的制备及其性质准备:制备氢的装置如图8。试管尖嘴玻璃管,橡皮塞,锌粒盐酸,(1％)氧化铜,酒精灯。实验目的:1)氯的制法及其性质的介绍。氧化,还原反应举例。2)练习纯氢的检验方法。实验步骤: 1 氢的制备在试管 a.中放入2—5粒锌,再加入约占试管体积1/5的盐酸用带导管的橡皮塞把试管     

煤炭解耦燃烧过程N迁移与转化Ⅱ:单组分气相化学反应实验

在理想平推流反应器中进行了模拟热解气对模拟烟气中NO、N₂O的还原实验研究,考察了反应温度、过剩空气系数λ、热解气中CH₄、CO、H₂、NH₃浓度、烟气中NO、N₂O浓度变化对NO、N₂O出口浓度的影响。实验结果表明,当模拟热解气仅含其中一种气体时,在反应温度973~1 223 K时热解气中CH₄、CO、H₂基本不与NO发生反应,当λ小于或等于1.0时可降低N₂O浓度0%~30%;热解气中NH₃可降低NO 10%~60%,但NH₃不与N₂O发生反应。     

草酸与高锰酸钾反应的原理探究与改进建议

1 问题的提出 为验证浓度对反应速率的影响,在人民教育出版社普通高中新课程标准实验教科书<化学反应原理>(选修4)教材的第20页设计了如下实验:取2支试管,各加入0.01 mol/L的酸性KMnO4溶液,然后向一支试管中加入0.1 mol/L的H2C2O4溶液2 mL;向另一支试管中加入0.2 mol/L的H2C2O4溶液2 mL,记录溶液褪色所需的时间.本实验的预期现象是酸性KMnO4溶液颜色逐渐变浅直至褪为无色,且加入0.2 mol/L H2C2O4溶液的试管中溶液先褪色.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.