光谱法研究蛋白质与表面活性剂的相互作用

结合本课题组的工作, 较系统地总结了近年来有关紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色光谱和电子自旋共振光谱技术在蛋白质-表面活性剂混合体系研究中的应用. 大量研究表明, 借助于光谱技术不仅可以研究蛋白质结构与功能的关系, 而且可以探讨蛋白质与表面活性剂的作用机理.     

蛋白质结构的FT-IR研究进展

随着蛋白质使用领域的增加,迫切需要知道它在不同环境中的结构特征及生物活性。目前,测定蛋白质结构的方法很多,包括X射线衍射技术、圆二色光谱(CD)、质谱、FT-IR等。FT-IR(傅立叶变换光谱)法不仅能够测定不同环境中的蛋白质结构及生物活性,而且能够测定其二级结构的相对含量。本文简要综述FT-IR技术用于蛋白质结构的研究进展。     

Hg^2＋ -牛血清白蛋白复合体系中蛋白质微观结构的研究

研究了Hg2+在生物体内与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的毒性机理以及蛋白质的微观结构变化.测定了Hg2+与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)复合体系的红外光谱(FT-IR)和圆二色谱(CD),并对图谱进行拟合解析处理.红外光谱实验数据表明Hg2+与BSA发生作用的结合位点可能包括-SH、-OH和-NH基团,采用红外拟合技术对BSA二级结构的变化进行了研究,结果表明蛋白质α-螺旋结构含量降低,β-折叠结构含量升高.圆二色谱图也表明由于一定浓度的Hg2+与BSA结合,从而导致蛋白质的二级结构被破坏,这与拟合红外光谱得到的蛋白质二级结构数据相吻合.Hg2+与牛血清蛋白作用致使蛋白质的构象改变,形成金属离子与蛋白质作用的复合物,因而蛋白质失去活性导致生物体发生病变.     

咪唑型离子液体与牛血清蛋白的缔合特性

通过紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱、圆二色谱、衰减全反射红外光谱、负染-透射电镜、等温滴定微量热等实验方法系统地探讨了咪唑型离子液体与牛血清蛋白(BSA)的缔合特性.结果发现,离子液体[Bmim]Cl的加入使得BSA的紫外吸收强度增加,同时也会导致其荧光猝灭,并且这种猝灭是静态猝灭.同步荧光的研究结果表明,[Bmim]Cl分子可与蛋白质中接近色氨酸残基的区域发生相互作用,使蛋白质的构象和内部的疏水结构发生改变;负染色法透射电镜直观地显示了加入离子液体后形成的蛋白质-离子液体复合物结构逐渐变大;圆二色谱和衰减全反射红外光谱表明:在离子液体与BSA缔合过程中,离子液体的加入使得BSA二级结构中的α-螺旋和β-折叠的含量降低,从而引起蛋白质二级结构的变化;表面张力法和等温滴定微量热法进一步证实上述缔合作用为静电作用和疏水作用共同作用的结果,但离子液体的烷基链与BSA疏水内腔之间的疏水作用是离子液体与BSA缔合的主要驱动力.     

汞(Ⅱ)与牛血红蛋白相互作用的研究

本文采用紫外光谱(UV/VIS)、荧光光谱和圆二色谱等方法,对汞(Ⅱ)与牛血红蛋白(BHb)的相互作用进行了研究.结果表明:Hg2 处理导致BHb紫外吸收的增加,出现LMCT带,并随Hg2 浓度的增加LMCT带强度显著增强.BHb分子中Soret带的吸收随着Hg2 作用时间的增加而持续降低,表明Hg2 使部分血红素辅基从BHb中脱离出来.蛋白内源荧光光谱显示,Hg2 与BHb的结合会影响蛋白质的三级结构和四级结构.远紫外圆二色谱表明,Hg2 处理会导致BHb蛋白的α-螺旋含量减少.     

3-溴丙酮酸与人血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱学研究

运用荧光光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱和圆二色光谱法研究了抗肿瘤药物3-溴丙酮酸(3-Bromopyruvic acid,3-BrPA)与人血清白蛋白(Human serum albumin,HSA)的相互作用.3-BrPA对HSA的猝灭机制属于静态猝灭,并发生分子间非辐射能量转移.热力学数据显示,二者之间的作用力主要为静电作用;同步荧光光谱表明,3-BrPA与蛋白质中接近色氨酸残基的区域发生了相互作用;荧光光谱研究发现,Zn2+存在时3-BrPA对HSA的猝灭程度进一步增强;圆二色光谱法研究蛋白二级结构结果显示,3-BrPA对HSA的结构影响非常小.     

紫外圆二色光谱预测蛋白质结构的研究方法

介绍了蛋白质紫外圆二色性(CD)产生的原理及其与蛋白质结构的关系。评述了用远紫外CD预测蛋白质二级结构的方法原理、参考蛋白、拟合算法和拟合程序,以及方法存在的问题。近紫外CD与蛋白质的三级结构密切相关,近紫外蛋白质CD反映芳香氨基酸残基、二硫键等微环境的变化,表征着丰富的蛋白质三级结构的信息。     

Pb~(2+)-牛血清白蛋白复合体系中蛋白质二级结构的研究

采用紫外光谱、红外光谱和圆二色谱法研究了Pb2+与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用和蛋白质微观结构的变化。紫外光谱表明,Pb2+与BSA肽链上的CO存在相互作用,并使蛋白质疏水结构的微环境发生变化;红外光谱研究表明,Pb2+与BSA结合位点可能为—OH和—NH基团,利用二阶导、退卷积和谱线拟合技术对蛋白质红外谱图的酰胺Ⅰ带进行处理推测蛋白质二级结构的变化,结果表明蛋白质α螺旋和β折叠二级结构含量降低,β转角二级结构含量增加;圆二色谱(CD)也表明Pb2+与BSA的结合使蛋白质的构象发生了改变。     

青蒿素分子的电子结构,紫外和圆二色谱的量子化学研究

以ＩＮＤＯ／Ｓ－ＣＩ法对青蒿素分子进行了量子化学研究。结合实验结果讨论了其紫外光谱和圆二色谱。     

蛋白质和变性蛋白质二级结构的FTIR分析进展

蛋白质结构的研究一直是人们研究的一个热点,蛋白质在发生变性后,二级结构会改变,从而导致生物活性丧失,这些与医药学及食品科学等领域密切相关。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)作为一种无损、快速的分析方法在蛋白质二级结构的研究中发挥重要的作用,本文就FTIR对于蛋白质二级结构的研究作一初步概述,主要介绍FTIR研究蛋白质结构的主要方法、红外光谱的谱学特点。     

Helioal Structure and Optical Activity of Two New Derivatives of R( )-1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-diol

Inourpreviousworkl'2wehaddesignedandsynthesisedaseriesofmodelcyclicesterswithL-( )-2,3-O-isopropylidenethreitolforinvestigatingtherelationshipbetweenthebeliealstructureandopticalactivityofchiralmolecules.Asasequeltothisapproach,wenowreporttwoprototypemolecules,3and4,ofanewseriesofmodelcompounds.Thechiralityandhelicityofcompounds3and4originatefromR-( )-l,l'-binaphthyl-2,2'diol1,wherebycolourlesscrystallinesubstances3and43'4wereobtainedfromthereactionofdiol1withoxalylandphthaloyldichlorides,res…     

Temperature as an Extra Dimension in Multidimensional Protein NMR Spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopy is a particularly informative method for studying protein structures and dynamics in solution; however, it is also one of the most time-consuming. Modern approaches to biomolecular NMR spectroscopy are based on lengthy multidimensional experiments, the duration of which grows exponentially with the number of dimensions. The experimental time may even be several days in the case of 3D and 4D spectra. Moreover, the experiment often has to be repeated under several different conditions, for example, to measure the temperature-dependent effects in a spectrum (temperature coefficients (TCs)). Herein, a new approach that involves joint sampling of indirect evolution times and temperature is proposed. This allows TCs to be measured through 3D spectra in even less time than that needed to acquire a single spectrum by using the conventional approach. Two signal processing methods that are complementary, in terms of sensitivity and resolution, 1) dividing data into overlapping subsets followed by compressed sensing reconstruction, and 2) treating the complete data set with a variant of the Radon transform, are proposed. The temperature-swept 3D HNCO spectra of two intrinsically disordered proteins, osteopontin and CD44 cytoplasmic tail, show that this new approach makes it possible to determine TCs and their non-linearities effectively. Non-linearities, which indicate the presence of a compact state, are particularly interesting. The complete package of data acquisition and processing software for this new approach are provided.     

Circular dichroic constrained structure optimization of homoalanine peptides

This article describes a new method for peptide structure optimization within a Monte Carlo Simulated Annealing (MCSA) framework, namely the cominimization of potential energies under the constraint of a calculated Circular Dichroism (CD) spectrum. We compute potential energy as well as the CD spectrum of every structure generated within the course of the MCSA run, and cooptimize the mean deviation of this calculated spectrum to a corresponding experimental spectrum together with the potential energies of the respective structures using a modified Metropolis Criterion within the MCSA scheme. We compare the performance of this technique with two other MCSA optimization variants—first, a cominimization of potential energies and free energies of solvation; and second, the standard minimization of potential energy alone. We use homoalanines in lengths of 10 and 15, whose optimized structures are highly α‐helical, and correspondingly give α‐helix characteristic CD signals as the test peptides. This circular dichroic constrained optimization of potential energies is, compared to the other methods, highly efficient in locating α‐helical structures with lowest potential energies in both the 10 alanine and the 15 alanine peptide system, within short MCSA runs. The overall structural information embedded in the CD spectrum efficiently guides the optimization towards the native peptide structure. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 270–281, 2000     

Peak width‐mass correlation in CID MS/MS of isomeric oligosaccharides using traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry

Isomeric oligosaccharides γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD), glucosyl‐βCD (Glc₁‐βCD) and maltosyl‐αCD (Glc₂‐αCD) were analyzed by traveling‐wave ion mobility (twIM) mass spectrometry (MS). Their formation of multicharged multimers differed from each other. The ion mobility‐mass spectrometry was useful in the self‐assembling and complex formation analyses of CD isomers. The drift times of the isomers and their product ions with the same mass were almost the same in collision‐induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS. In contrast, the ion mobility peak widths were sensitive to structural differences of the isomeric product ions. The twIM peak width (ms ‐ µs) of the product ions [M ? Glc_n + H]⁺ (n = 0 ～ 6) of γ‐CD correlated linearly with their masses (Da); the large and/or long chain product ions had wider peak widths, which were much wider than those from the general diffusion effect. This was a novel and useful ‘trend line’ to discriminate between the three isomers. Plots of [M ? Glc_{2 ～ 6} + H]⁺ of Glc₁‐βCD and [M ? Glc_{3 ～ 6} + H]⁺ of Glc₂‐αCD product ions' plots were on the same trend line as γ‐CD. The plots of [M ? Glc₁ + H]⁺ of Glc₁‐βCD and [M ? Glc_{1, 2} + H]⁺ of Glc₂‐αCD strayed from the γ‐CD line; their peak widths were narrower than those of γ‐CD. These results indicated that product ions from the chemical species of Glc₁‐β CD and Glc₂‐αCD retained their CD structure. Analyses of the IM peak widths enable us to elucidate the structures of the product ions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cu(Ⅱ)-家蚕丝素蛋白质配合物的配位结构和高次结构

家蚕丝素蛋白质在不同pH条件下经均相和不均相配位反应制备了Cu(Ⅱ)-丝素配合物,用可见光谱、电子自旋共振波谱(ESR)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了其配位结构和高次结构.在碱性条件下(pH=10.60),丝素肽链主链的4个氮原子螯合Cu(Ⅱ)生成具有近似平面四方Cu(N)₄结构的配合物;而在酸性条件下(pH=4.30,5.88),主要是丝素肽链的侧(端)基羧酸根键合Cu(Ⅱ)生成Cu(Ⅱ)(-COO-)(H₂O)₃和Cu(Ⅱ)(-COO-)₂型配合物.讨论和描述了不同条件下生成的Cu(Ⅱ)-丝素配合物的高次结构.     

An Off‐Pathway Folding Intermediate of an Acyl Carrier Protein Domain Coexists with the Folded and Unfolded States under Native Conditions

A protein can exist in multiple states under native conditions and those states with low populations are often critical to biological function and self‐assembly. To investigate the role of the minor states of an acyl carrier protein, NMR techniques were applied to determine the number of minor states and characterize their structures and kinetics. The acyl carrier protein from Micromonospora echinospora was found to exist in one major folded state (95.2 %), one unfolded state (4.1 %), and one intermediate state (0.7 %) under native conditions. The three states are in dynamic equilibrium and the intermediate state very likely adopts a native‐like structure and is an off‐pathway folding product. The intermediate state may mediate the formation of oligomers in vitro and play an important role in the recognition of partner enzymes in vivo.     

Protein fragment reconstruction using various modeling techniques

Recently developed reduced models of proteins with knowledge-based force fields have been applied to a specific case of comparative modeling. From twenty high resolution protein structures of various structural classes, significant fragments of their chains have been removed and treated as unknown. The remaining portions of the structures were treated as fixed - i.e., as templates with an exact alignment. Then, the missed fragments were reconstructed using several modeling tools. These included three reduced types of protein models: the lattice SICHO (Side Chain Only) model, the lattice CABS (Calpha + Cbeta + Side group) model and an off-lattice model similar to the CABS model and called REFINER. The obtained reduced models were compared with more standard comparative modeling tools such as MODELLER and the SWISS-MODEL server. The reduced model results are qualitatively better for the higher resolution lattice models, clearly suggesting that these are now mature, competitive and complementary (in the range of sparse alignments) to the classical tools of comparative modeling. Comparison between the various reduced models strongly suggests that the essential ingredient for the sucessful and accurate modeling of protein structures is not the representation of conformational space (lattice, off-lattice, all-atom) but, rather, the specificity of the force fields used and, perhaps, the sampling techniques employed. These conclusions are encouraging for the future application of the fast reduced models in comparative modeling on a genomic scale.     

依据氨基酸残基的相关性预测蛋白质的结构类型

作为蛋白质的建筑构件,各种类型的蛋白质的20种氨基酸残基之间存在着特定的相互关联,反映了氨基酸残基之间的制约性,并有深刻的物理和化学的内在因素.某些氨基酸残基对之间的相关系数可以作为一种类型的蛋白质区别于其它类型蛋白质的特征,用于蛋白质结构类型的预测.研究了4种类型的蛋白质204个样品的氨基酸残基对的相关性系数,找出了可作为蛋白质结构类型特征的氨基酸残基的相关对,并用于蛋白质结构类型的预测,对于α型、β型、α/β型和α＋β型蛋白质的204个蛋白质样品的交叉测试,正确率分别为94％、89％、79％和89％,平均为88％,高于简单距离法和欧几里德距离法.     

1H NMR‐Guided Isolation of Formyl‐Phloroglucinol Meroterpenoids from the Leaves of Eucalyptus robusta

Nine formyl‐phloroglucinolmeroterpenoids (FPMs), namely, eucalrobusones A–I ( 1 – 9 ), were isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta by tracking the phenolic hydroxyl ¹H NMR peaks. The Snatzke helicity rules for the Cotton effects of twisted benzene rings were applied to elucidate the absolute configurations of the FPMs. These findings, along with NMR spectroscopy, the circular dichroism (CD) exciton chirality method, and CD calculations, allowed complete structures for the FPMs to be assigned. Eucalrobusones A–F ( 1 – 6 ) are novel adducts formed between a formyl‐derived carbon atom on the phloroglucinol ring and monoterpene and sesquiterpene components. Eucalrobusones G–I ( 7 – 9 ) are the first examples of FPMs with cubebane part structures connected by an unusual 1‐oxaspiro[5.5]undecane subunit. Among these isolates, eucalrobusone C ( 3 ) showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF‐7, and U2OS cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values less than 10 μm . Compound 3 significantly blocks cell proliferation in MCF‐7 cells and induces MCF‐7 cell death through apoptosis.