一种同位素稀释超高效液相色谱质谱联用测定维生素K1的方法

本发明公开了一种同位素稀释超高效液相色谱质谱联用快速灵敏地测定维生素K1的方法,包括步骤:(1)维生素K1对照品溶液和维生素K1同位素内标溶液配制;(2)建立维生素K1标准曲线;(3)采集待测样品溶液的色谱图;(4)待测样品中维生素K1浓度的确定。本发明的同位素稀释超高效液相色谱–质谱联用测定维生素K1的方法用于血清中维生素K1的测定时,简单快速,专属性强,精密度、准确度高,灵敏度好。     

同位素稀释气相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱法分析环境样品中的多氯萘

采用稳定同位素标记的多氯萘(PCNs)同类物为内标,建立了同位素稀释气相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱技术测定环境样品中20种高关注的PCNs同类物的方法。结果表明:PCNs同类物的校正曲线在0.5~200 μg/L范围内线性良好(R²>0.99),检出限(LOD)为0.04~0.48 μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%。采用基质加标法评价该方法对实际环境样品中PCNs测定的回收率为45.2%~87.9%。为验证方法的适用性,以河流沉积物和再生铝冶炼排放的烟道气样品为对象,利用所建立的方法测定了20种PCNs同类物,并将结果与高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱方法的测定结果进行了比对,两种方法测定结果的RSD为0.5%~41.4%,表明所建立的同位素稀释气相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱方法可用于实际环境样品中PCNs的定性、定量分析。     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定植物与人发标准物质中的铅

建立了同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定铅的方法.考察和讨论了仪器参数对同位素比值测定的影响,优化了仪器的数据采样参数.利用内标Tl对质量歧视、系统漂移进行了校正.讨论了同位素浓缩剂加入量对最终浓度测定值的不确定度的影响.将该方法应用于植物标准物质和人发标准物质的测定,结果令人满意.     

GPC净化-同位素稀释内标定量GC-MS对植物油中多环芳烃的测定

采用同位素稀释法并结合凝胶渗透色谱净化技术,建立了植物油中多环芳烃残留的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法.样品中加入同位素替代物后,样品中的多环芳烃经乙腈-丙酮(体积比6∶4)溶液提取,共提取物中大部分的脂类、色素和蜡质经窄口径凝胶渗透色谱柱除去后,进行GC-MS测定,内标法定量.添加回收率为80%～110%,相对标准偏差小于15%.应用于FAPAS橄榄油有证标准样品,测定值与标准值一致.     

液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法测定人血清中尿素含量

研究建立了血清中尿素测定的新方法,以尿素同位素标记物(Urea-13C,15N2)为内标,样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白。以ZORBAXRX-SIL色谱分离柱,V(乙腈):V(水)=95:5为流动相,使用电喷雾三重四极杆串联质谱的多重反应监测模式(Multiple Reaction Monitoring,MRM)测定,以及同位素稀释的括号法进行定量。所建立的液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法(ID-LCMS/MS)对于分析血清尿素的批内、批间RSD分别为0.21%～0.85%、0.05%～0.38%,回收率为97.9%～102.3%,采用美国国家标准和技术研究院(NIST)的血清标准物质SRM909b进行了方法确证,测定结果与标准值的相对偏差小于0.5%且在其定值范围内。     

高效液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法定量分析人生长激素

建立了人生长激素( hGH)纯化分析和高效液相色谱( HPLC)与同位素稀释质谱( IDMS)联用高准确度绝对定量方法。采用快速蛋白液相色谱来分离纯化hGH,以傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪( FTICR-MS)准确地测定蛋白质的分子质量。纯化的hGH经酸水解后,采用KINETEX C18色谱柱为分析柱,以水(含0.1%三氟乙酸)和乙腈为流动相,等梯度分离,流速0.2 mL/min,温度40℃,采用电喷雾正离子模式进行电离,选择多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量分析。结果表明,FTICR-MS所测得的分子量实测值与理论值仅相差0.31 Da,脯氨酸、缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸在液相条件下5 min内达到基线分离,在最优条件下,hGH含量测定结果为186.80 mg/g,相对标准偏差为0.52%。利用本方法参加国际比对,比对结果与参考值等效一致。本方法具有简易、实用的特点,并且准确可靠,可作为hGH纯品标准物质的定值方法,为hGH的日常检测提供参考。     

液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法测定配方奶粉中的烟酰胺

对复杂基体中微量化合物的准确定量是分析化学的重要目标之一。常规的方法是选择与待测物性质相似的内标物,以抵消样品处理过程的待测物损失。由于待测物的同位素标记试剂与待测物具有最为接近的物理与化学性质,所以是最理想的内标物。该文以氘代烟酰胺为内标物,采用液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法(LC-IDMS)测定了配方奶粉中烟酰胺的含量。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.94%。方法的准确性高、特异性高、重复性好,可实现复杂基体中维生素含量的准确测定。参加国际比对实验CCQM-P78,结果与国际实验室的结果等效一致。     

液相色谱同位素稀释质谱联用法测定纺织品中的痕量五氯苯酚

针对挪威PoHS指令、1999/51/EC以及REACH危险物质列表中对五氯苯酚的限量要求,建立了纺织品中痕量五氯苯酚残留量的液相色谱同位素稀释质谱联用法(LC-IDMS)。以酸化正己烷提取纺织品试样中的残留五氯苯酚,在Eclipse Plus C18柱(100mm×2.1mm I.D.,3.5μm)上,采用5mmol/L醋酸铵溶液/甲醇(体积比20∶80)为流动相进行分离,结合电喷雾电离离子化技术,在负离子模式下测定,进行质谱定量分析,以13C-五氯苯酚为内标进行定量。方法的定量限为0.005μg/g,在0.1～0.5μg/g个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为95%～105%,测定精密度为0.805%～1.40%。方法准确、可靠,适用于纺织品中痕量五氯苯酚残留的测定。同位素稀释质谱法作为一个基准方法,对五氯苯酚残留进行检测的计量学方法可靠性验证。     

贻贝中有机氯农药和多氯联苯标准物质的研制及同位素稀释高分辨质谱法定值

建立了贻贝中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)标准物质的研制和定值方法,该研究对我国开展环境生物标准物质的研制具有重要的方法学借鉴价值。该标准物质样品为采自大连湾海域的贻贝,其定值目标物包括18种OCPs和16种PCBs,采用的定值测量方法是目前世界上最权威、最准确的同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱联用法(ID-HRGC/HRMS)。所研制的标准物质具有定值目标物种类多、不确定度较小(约10%)等特点。该标准物质是目前国际上唯一一种采用同位素稀释高分辨质谱法进行定值的底栖生物中OCPs标准物质,于2012年3月通过了国家一级标准物质的终审,并于2012年6月被国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准为国家一级标准物质(GBW10069)。该标准物质可用于食品安全控制、环境监测、质量检测等领域相关分析方法的评价、测量质量控制及技术仲裁检验等。     

血清中尿酸和尿素含量测定的超高效液相色谱–单四级杆质谱法国际比对

基于单四极杆质谱建立了血清中尿酸、尿素含量准确测定的同位素稀释超高效液相色谱–质谱方法,并以该方法参加了国际物质量咨询委员会(CCQM)组织的"血清中尿酸尿素含量测定"的K、P国际比对。血清样品用乙腈除去蛋白质,分别采用C18反相柱和电喷雾(ESI)负离子模式检测尿酸、CN正相柱和ESI正离子模式检测尿素,同位素稀释的单点校准法进行定量,用3种标准物质(GBW 09157,GBW 09169,NIST SRM 909c)进行方法验证,测量比对血清样品(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)获得国际等效一致性。该方法操作简单、快速准确,适用于血清中尿酸尿素的定量分析。     

Separation of proteins with a molecular mass difference of 2 kDa utilizing preparative double-inverted gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions: application to the isolation of 24 kDa human growth hormone

A method for separating proteins with a molecular mass difference of 2 kDa using SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions is presented. A sample mixture containing several human growth hormone (hGH) isoforms was initially separated on a weak anion-exchange column. Fractions rich in 24 kDa hGH as determined by analytical SDS-PAGE were pooled and further separated by cation-exchange chromatography. The fractions pooled from the cation-exchange chromatography contained two hGH isoforms with a 2 kDa molecular mass difference according to SDS-PAGE analysis, 22 and 24 kDa hGH. The 22 and 24 kDa hGH were separated using continuous-elution preparative double-inverted gradient PAGE (PDG-PAGE) under nonreducing conditions. The preparative electrophoresis gel was composed of three stacked tubular polyacrylamide matrices, a 4% stacking gel, a 13-18% linear gradient gel, and a 15-10% linear inverted gradient gel. Fractions containing purified 24 kDa hGH were pooled and Western blot analysis displayed immunoreactivity to antihGH antibodies. PDG-PAGE provides researchers with an electrophoretic technique to preparatively purify proteins under nonreducing conditions with molecular mass differences of 2 kDa.     

A new and sensitive on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric approach for top-down protein analysis: the comprehensive analysis of human growth hormone in an E. coli lysate using a hybrid linear ion trap/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer

A sensitive, integrated top-down liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) approach, suitable for the near complete characterization of specific proteins in complex protein mixtures, such as inclusion bodies of an E. coli lysate, has been successfully developed using a hybrid linear ion trap/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. In particular, human growth hormone (hGH) (200 fmol) was analyzed with high sequence coverage (>95%), including the sites of disulfide linkages. The high mass accuracy and resolution of the FTICR mass spectrometer was used to reveal high charge state ions of hGH (22 kDa). The highly charged intact protein ions (such as the 17+ species) were captured and fragmented in the linear ion trap cell. The fragment ions from MS/MS spectra were then successfully analyzed in the FTICR cell in an on-line LC/MS run. Peptide fragments from the N-terminal and C-terminal regions, as well as large interior fragments, were captured and identified. The results allowed the unambiguous assignment of disulfide bonds Cys53-Cys165 and Cys182-Cys189, indicative of proper folding of hGH. The disulfide bond assignments were also confirmed by analysis of the tryptic digest of a sample of hGH purified from inclusion bodies. On-line LC/MS with the linear ion trap/FTICR yields high mass accuracy in both the MS and MS/MS modes (within 2 ppm with external calibration). The approach should prove useful in biotechnology applications to characterize correctly folded proteins, both in the early protein expression and the later processed stages, using only a single automated on-line LC/MS top-down method.     

Potential parameters for the detection of hGH doping

The aim of our hGH application study with non-competitive athletes was the investigation of selected serum parameters from different processes affected by hGH. Fifteen athletes (age 21-33, mean 24) were treated with 0.06 IU hGH/kg BW per day or placebo (10 hGH, 5 placebo) respectively for 14 days. Blood samples were taken prior to, during and until 10 weeks after treatment.The concentrations of the following markers were determined in relevant serum samples: IGF-I, IGFBP-3, ALS, PIIINP, PINP, osteocalcin, and leptin. The IGF-I concentration increased rapidly within the hGH treatment group and showed significantly higher levels compared to baseline even 3 days after application. The response of the IGFBP-3 to the hGH applications was lower in comparison to IGF-I. The hGH group showed an increasing IGFBP-3 compared to baseline from day 4 till day 15. The response of PIIINP to hGH is clearly delayed compared to the IGF-I axis, but the PIIINP concentration remains on an increased level for a longer period (from day 4 until day 21). The time course and the extent of response varied strongly interindividually. PINP and osteocalcin showed only a small response to hGH applications. These parameters are characterised by a strong scattering of base values compared with the small response. In the hGH treatment group very different leptin concentrations were found at the beginning of the study, but after treatment decreasing leptin levels were observed in all cases.The determination of only one parameter will not be sufficient for detection of hGH abuse. A combination of markers by mathematical methods can be helpful to distinguish between placebo and hGH-treated athletes. By using the suggested discriminant function the data sets of hGH and placebo-treated athletes could be separated without false positive results.     

Separation of oxidized and deamidated human growth hormone variants by isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was utilized for the separation of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) variants on a C18 silica column at 55 degrees C using an isocratic mobile phase which contained 27% 1-propanol in a 25 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5. Three of the obtained peaks were characterized by tryptic mapping and mass spectrometry; two of the peaks were found to contain oxidized hGH (dioxy Met14/Met125 and Met125 sulfoxide) while the third contained a deamidated form (Asn149-->Asp149 or Asn152-->Asp152). Compared to the European Pharmacopoeia RP-HPLC method of hGH analysis, this new method gives two additional peaks and a 50% reduction in the analysis time.     

A fully automated method for accurate mass determination using high-performance liquid chromatography with a quadrupole/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer

A generic LC/ESI(+)-oaTOFMS method has been developed for routine automated high accuracy mass determinations of different classes of substances. The system makes use of micro-high-performance liquid chromatography and a hybrid quadrupole/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (Q-oaTOF) mass spectrometer. Reproducible and accurate mass measurements were obtained using an electrospray dual sprayer with reserpine as reference compound, introduced into the mass spectrometer alternating with the samples. Experiments were performed to optimize analyte/reference response ratio, statistical algorithm correction setting, and analyte concentration. In these experiments, a clear dependence of the mass measurement error on the analyte/reference response ratio was observed. The dependence of average mass error versus different dead time correction algorithm settings (Np factors) was also explored. In the final automated procedure, verified for a statistically significant set of compounds ( approximately 550) obtained from a medicinal chemistry department, about 70% of the analyzed samples satisfied the acceptance criteria fixed at a maximum error of +/-5 ppm (mass range 150-800 Da).     

高效液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间质谱法鉴定碱性嫩黄中的杂质及高效液相色谱法制备碱性嫩黄标准物质

该文建立了一种高效液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间质谱（HPLC-IT-TOF-MS）分析非法食品添加剂碱性嫩黄样品中杂质成分的方法。对碱性嫩黄样品中的杂质进行多级质谱分析,根据各碎片离子的精确质量数推测出该杂质的具体组成,确定这个杂质为4-（亚氨基（4-（甲基氨基）苯基）甲基）-N,N-二甲基苯胺盐酸盐,从而推断出碱性嫩黄的合成方法及杂质的可能来源。同时建立了制备碱性嫩黄标准物质的方法,分别选用了粒径为10μm和5μm的制备液相色谱柱进行两次制备高效液相色谱分离纯化,进样量分别为1 mL和500μL,最终采用分析型高效液相色谱峰面积归一化法得到纯度为99.52%的碱性嫩黄标准物质。扣除0.34%水分含量,0.13%灰分含量,采用质量平衡法确定制备的物质最终纯度为99.05%,并通过UV、IR、LC-MS和NMR四大谱图进行化学结构的确认。该方法简单、高效,可拓展应用于其他非法食品添加剂标准物质的制备。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法非靶向快速筛查进口粮谷中未知的农药残留

利用快速提取农药(fast pesticide extraction,FaPEx)方法前处理样品,并结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF)技术建立了非靶向快速筛查进口粮谷中未知的多种农药残留方法。采用1%(v/v)醋酸乙腈溶液提取粮谷中未知的农药残留,FaPEx固相萃取柱净化、浓缩,UPLC-Q-TOF检测。利用目标化合物特征离子的精确质量数、同位素匹配、二级碎片信息和保留时间进行数据库匹配,筛查可疑未知农药。结果表明,该方法无需对照标准品即可快速筛查进口粮谷中的农药残留,能够应用于进口粮谷样品的实际筛查。该方法快速、准确、分析通量高,可以为进口粮谷中农药残留的快速筛查和质量控制提供重要的方法依据。     

Simultaneous determination of synthetic phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors found in a dietary supplement and pre-mixed bulk powders for dietary supplements using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method and a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method were developed to screen for the presence of synthetic phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and their analogues, namely sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, homosildenafil, acetildenafil and hydroxyhomosildenafil. The methods were applied to pre-market samples submitted to the Health Sciences Authority of Singapore (HSA) for testing. One sample was in the form of capsules while six other samples were pre-mixed bulk powder samples for dietary supplements to be repackaged or formulated into the final dosage forms (usually capsules). Identification of PDE-5 inhibitors and their analogues was achieved by comparing individual peak retention times, UV spectra and mass spectra with those of reference standards. The seven samples were found to contain at least one of the following compounds: sildenafil, vardenafil, hydroxyhomosildenafil, homosildenafil and acetildenafil. The five compounds were simultaneously determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) scan mode. The method has been validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and sensitivity.     

Development of pre-concentration procedure for the determination of Hg isotope ratios in seawater samples

Hg concentrations in seawater are usually too low to allow direct (without pre-concentration and removal of salt matrix) measurement of its isotope ratios with multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Therefore, a new method for the pre-concentration of Hg from large volumes of seawater was developed. The final method allows for relatively fast (about 2.5 L h⁻¹) and quantitative pre-concentration of Hg from seawater samples with an average Hg recovery of 98 ± 6%. Using this newly developed method we determined Hg isotope ratios in seawater. Reference seawater samples were compared to samples potentially impacted by anthropogenic activity. The results show negative mass dependent fractionation relative to the NIST 3133 Hg standard with δ²⁰²Hg values in the range from −0.50‰ to −1.50‰. In addition, positive mass independent fractionation of ²⁰⁰Hg was observed for samples from reference sites, while impacted sites did not show significant Δ²⁰⁰Hg values. Although the influence of the impacted sediments is limited to the seawater and particulate matter in very close proximity to the sediment, this observation may raise the possibility of using Δ²⁰⁰Hg to distinguish between samples from impacted and reference sites.     

Determination of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine by microwave digestion with flow injection-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-MS).

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method with high sample throughput was developed for determining arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the form of uncoated tablets, sugar-coated tablets, black pills, capsules, powders, and syrups. The method involves microwave digestion with flow injection-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-MS). Method precision was 2.7-10.1% (relative standard deviation, n = 6) for different concentrations of arsenic in different TCM samples analyzed by different analysts on different days. Method accuracy was checked with a certified reference material (sea lettuce, Ulva lactuca, BCR CRM 279) for external calibration and by spiking arsenic standard into different TCMs. Recoveries of 89-92% were obtained for the certified reference material and higher than 95% for spiked TCMs. Matrix interference was insignificant for samples analyzed by the method of standard addition. Hence, no correction equation was used in the analysis of arsenic in the samples studied. Sample preparation using microwave digestion gave results that were very similar to those obtained by conventional wet acid digestion using nitric acid.