蛋白质在固定Zn2+金属螯合亲和色谱中的变性热力学

在15~85℃宽温度范围,研究了蛋白质在固定Zn2 金属螯合色谱系统中的热行为和变性热力学。实验结果表明,蛋白质在色谱过程都有一个固定的热转变温度:核糖核酸酶(RNase)、α-胰凝乳蛋白酶原A(α-Chy)的热转变温度约为55℃,细胞色素C(Cyt-C)和溶菌酶(Lys)约为65℃;,热转变温度的出现标志蛋白质构象发生变化;利用Van′tHoff作图测定了蛋白质在色谱系统热变性时的标准焓变ΔH°和标准熵变ΔS°,提出用标准熵变ΔS°和自由能变ΔG°判断蛋白质构象变化;利用ΔH°-ΔS°的线性关系估算了蛋白质热变性时的补偿温度,鉴定了蛋白质各变体在金属螯合色谱中保留机理的同一性,RNase、Cyt-C、Lys和α-Chy的补偿温度分别为55℃、65.8℃、65.2℃和54.8℃;根据蛋白质热变性时的补偿温度和构象变化熵变Δ(ΔS°)的大小,讨论了蛋白质在阳离子交换色谱和固定Zn的金属螯合色谱体系中的热稳定性。实验证明,在IDA裸柱引入Zn2 后蛋白质在色谱系统中的热稳定性减小,平均补偿温度从65.3℃降低到59.7℃,而构象变化熵变的绝对值大幅度升高。     

自溶液中的吸附 Ⅶ.硅胶自环己烷中吸附醇、酮和酯

测定了10℃和30℃时硅胶自环己烷中吸附几种单功能团的醇、酮和酯的等温线.吸附次序是:环己醇>正辛醇>环己酮>4-甲基戊酮-2>乙酸正丙酯≈乙酸正戊酯.吸附皆随温度的升高而减少.除了极低浓度外,吸附等温线可以Langmuir公式表示.饱和吸附量(n_m~s)并不符合一个分子吸附在一个表面自由羟基上的假设.除了表面条件和吸附物的功能团以外,看来饱和吸附还与温度、溶剂、吸附物的链长等因素有关.文中还导出了由Langmuir参数计算吸附标准自由能(ΔG°)和热焓(ΔH°)的方法.计算结果表明,ΔH°的绝对值皆大于ΔG°的绝对值,ΔS°皆为负值.不同醇或酯的ΔG°或ΔH°实际上没有差别;据此提出一个简单的吸附模型,即:在稀溶液中只有分子的极性基直接吸附在硅胶上,而分子的碳氢链部分仍处在液相中.4-甲基戊酮-2的ΔG°和ΔH°的绝对值都比环己酮低一些,一个可能的解释是吸附时4-甲基戊酮-2的异丁基可能较接近表面,从而导致吸附的减少和ΔG°ΔH°绝对值的降低.     

蛋白质在合成阳离子交换剂上的色谱特性研究

用国产材料按间接法合成了螯合型弱阳离子交换剂,详细研究了合成填料的色谱性能,并与商品柱的分离效能进行了比较;在宽温度范围内研究了蛋白质在弱阳离子交换系统中的色谱热力学,测定了蛋白质在色谱过程变性时的热力学参数 (△H0和△S0) 和补偿温度β,提出用标准熵变△S0判断蛋白质的构象变化和用△H0与△S0的补偿关系鉴定蛋白质各变体在色谱系统保留机理的同一性。考察了螯合型弱阳离子交换剂与金属离子的作用,研究了蛋白质在金属螯合色谱中的保留机理。     

咪唑啉衍生物在含CO_2的模拟深层气井水溶液中缓蚀机理(英文)

应用电化学弱极化法和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了咪唑啉衍生物类缓蚀剂在模拟深层气井水溶液中对碳钢的二氧化碳腐蚀的抑制效果和缓蚀作用机理.结果表明,在不同的实验温度下,该缓蚀剂均具有较好的缓蚀性能,属于以抑制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂.该咪唑啉衍生物在碳钢表面上的吸附遵从Langm iur方程.计算了该腐蚀体系热力学参数(ΔH°、ΔG°和ΔS°)以及腐蚀反应的活化能(Ea)和指前因子(A),并解释了实验结果.     

硅烷化活性炭的吸附性质

本工作测定了25℃和35℃时硅烷化活性炭自水溶液中吸附苯甲酸和苯甲醛的等温线;计算了吸附过程的ΔGⅲ,ΔHⅲ和ΔSⅲ;用Hill-deBoer方程处理了实验结果。所得结果表明:(1)随硅烷化时间延长,苯甲酸和苯甲醛的吸附量(mol.m^-^2)明显增加;-ΔGⅲ和-ΔHⅲ略有升高,ΔSⅲ为正值;(2)吸附分子之间的相互作用很弱,吸附分子与活性炭表面间的作用随硅烷化程度增加而加大;(3)芳香化合物可能是以苯环吸附在炭表面上的。     

光谱技术结合分子模拟测定塑化剂邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯与人血清白蛋白相互作用模式

在生理酸度(pH 7.4)条件下,采用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、圆二色谱(CD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等多种光谱方法并结合分子模拟技术,测定了塑化剂邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DnOP)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用模式。荧光滴定结果表明,DnOP对HSA内源荧光的猝灭机制为形成HSA-DnOP复合物的静态猝灭,其在不同温度下的熵变(ΔS°)和焓变(ΔH°)分别为35.32 J·mol-1·K-1和-9.13 kJ·mol-1,表明结合反应主要由疏水作用和氢键驱动。位点竞争实验表明DnOP与曙红Y发生了置换反应,揭示DnOP主要结合在HSA亚结构域ⅡA(SiteⅠ位),分子模拟结果显示,DnOP插入亚结构域ⅡA的疏水空腔,通过疏水作用以及DnOP的羰基氧与His242氨基酸残基间形成的氢键与蛋白结合,实验结果与荧光光谱及位点竞争实验一致。紫外-可见光谱、CD及FT-IR光谱的分析结果表明,DnOP与HSA结合导致了HSA二级结构发生变化,降低了HSA中α-螺旋的含量,并诱导HSA的多肽链发生部分伸展。     

荧光光谱法研究培氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白结合反应特征

在不同温度下,扫描了培氟沙星(PEFL)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作用的荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱,分别用Stern-Volm er方程、L ineweaver-Burk方程和热力学方程等处理实验数据,得到了结合反应的相关参数KLB、ΔHθ、ΔGθ和ΔSθ等的平均值分别为8.419×103L.mol-1、150.7 kJ.mol-1、-22.88 kJ.mol-1和561.9 J.K-1,结合位点数为1.081;证实了在实验浓度和温度范围内,PEFL与BSA可结合形成具有一定结构的复合物,荧光猝灭作用符合静态猝灭作用特征,作用力主要是疏水作用力和静电作用力;为研究PEFL的药理作用和生物学效应,以及PEFL对蛋白质构像的影响等提供了重要信息。     

头孢拉定与血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱学研究

采用荧光和紫外吸收光谱法研究头孢拉定和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.研究发现,头孢柱定荧光猝灭牛血清白蛋白是由于形成了头孢拉定-牛血清白蛋白复合物.分别计算了不同温度下双分子猝灭常数kq和结合常数K.由热力学参数焓变(△H)、熵变(△S)和吉布斯自由能(△G),推断出头孢拉定与BSA的相互作用是一个疏水作用的自发过...     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在N,N二甲基乙酰胺/长链醇体系中临界胶束浓度和热力学函数的微量量热法研究

用微量量热法测定了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在非水溶剂N,N二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)中,分别加入长链醇(正庚醇、正辛醇、正壬醇、正癸醇)体系的热功率一时间曲线,由测得的曲线上的数据得到了临界胶束浓度(CMC)和形成热(ΔHθm).根据热力学理论,计算了热力学函数(ΔGθm,ΔSθm),讨论了温度、醇中的碳原子数、醇的浓度与临界胶束浓度(CMC)和热力学函数之间的关系.结果表明:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的DMA溶液,在含有相同浓度的各种醇的体系中,CMC,ΔHθm和ΔSθm的值随着温度的升高而增加;而ΔGθm的值随着温度的升高而略有降低.在相同温度及相同浓度的醇体系中,CMC,ΔHθm,ΔGθm和ΔSθm的值都随着醇中碳原子数的增加而降低.在相同温度及相同醇的体系中,CMC和ΔGθm的值随着醇的浓度的增加而增加;而ΔHθm和ΔSθm的值随着醇的浓度的增加而减少.     

紫外分光光度法测定维拉帕米与牛血清白蛋白相互作用结合常数

采用紫外分光光度法对维拉帕米与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用进行研究,测定两者的结合常数K_b。实验结果表明,随着药物浓度的增大,蛋白与药物混合溶液的最大吸收波长出现红移,说明两者之间形成了配合物。通过线性拟合求得25℃时,维拉帕米与BSA的K_b值为4.41×10~3M~(-1),ΔG为-20.80 kJ·mol~(-1),ΔH为29.37kJ·mol~(-1),ΔS为168.27J·mol~(-1)。37℃时K_b值为6.98×10~3M~(-1),ΔG为-22.82kJ·mol~(-1),ΔH为29.37kJ·mol~(-1),ΔS为168.27J·mol~(-1)。热力学参数均表明维拉帕米与BSA之间的结合属自发过程,两者之间的作用力以疏水作用为主。     

Study on the Interaction between Theasinesin and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Method

Theasinesin (TS), a polymer of epigallocatechin gallate, is the main active component of tea polyphenols. Several studies indicate that tea polyphenols have extensive pharmacology activity. However, there is little research about the transportation and metabolism of tea polyphenols in vivo. Serum albumin is a most important protein serving as a depot protein and as a transport protein for many drugs and other bioactive small molecules. This study observed the interaction between TS and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that both static and dynamic quenching occurred in the fluorescence quenching of BSA by TS. The binding sites number is 1.1845 and the binding sites may close to the tyrosine residues. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔG°, ΔS° at temperatures 310 K were calculated 1.7 KJ, ?35.4 KJ, and 0.12 KJ. The negative sign of free energy (ΔG°) means that the interaction process is spontaneous. The positive enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) values of the interaction of TS and BSA indicate that the binding is mainly entropy-driven and the enthalpy is unfavorable for it, the hydrophobic forces playing a major role in the reaction. A distance of 4.037 nm was found between donor (BSA) and acceptor (TS), obtained according to the F?rster theory of non-radiation energy transfer, which indicates that the energy transfer from BSA to TS occurs with high probability. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra and UV–vis absorption spectra showed that the peptide strands of BSA molecules extended more and the hydrophobicity decreased with the addition of TS.     

Hydrophobic effect for anionic dye - cationic surfactant interaction in aqueous and mixed solvent

Abstract

The interaction between anionic dyes [Reactive Orange 122 (R.O 122), Reactive Blue 19 (R.B 19), Reactive Violet 5 (R.V 5) and Acid Green 20 (A.G 20)] with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammoniun bromide (CTAB) has been investigated by spectrophotometry and conductance technique. The used dyes are characterized by tautomeric behavior which affects the mechanism of the interaction. Various parameters such as dye structure, surfactant composition, solvent composition, temperature and pH of the medium were studied. The spectral data were applied for calculating the binding constant between dye and surfactant (K_b), fraction of micellization (?_mic), and standard free energy change of binding (ΔG°_b) in 0,10,20 and 30 v/v % acetonitile (AN). Conductance technique was constructed to estimate the ion pairing constant (K_a) at different temperatures and v/v % AN. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) for ion pair formation were evaluated. The role of hydrophobic and electrostatic effect on dye-surfactant interaction was discussed.     

UV Photolysis of a Re(I) Macromolecule, [(4-vinylpyridine)2(4-vinylpyridineRe(C0)3(1,10-phenanthroline)+]200: Addition of C-centered Radicals to Coordinated CO

Abstract

Proteins that bind preferentially to specific recognition sites on DNA also bind more weakly to nonspecific DNA. We have studied both specific and non-specific binding of the EcoRI and BamHI restriction endonucleases, and determined enthalpic and entropic contributions to binding free energy (ΔG°_bind) using both the van't Hoff method and isothermal titration calorimetry. Specific binding is characterized by a strongly negative ΔC°_p and can be either enthalpy-driven or entropy-driven, depending on temperature. Nonspecific binding has ΔC°_p ≈ 0 and is enthalpy-driven. A strongly negative ΔC°_p is the ?thermodynamic signature’ of site-specific binding, because it reflects the characteristics of a tight complementary recognition interface: the burial of previously hydrated nonpolar surface and restriction of configurational-vibrational freedoms of protein, DNA, and water molecules trapped at the protein-DNA interface. These factors are absent in nonspecific complexes. We probed the contributions to ΔC°_p by varying the sequence context surrounding the recognition site. As ΔG°_bind improves, ΔC°_p' ΔH° and ΔS° all become more negative, and there is a linear correlation between ΔH° and ΔS° (enthalpy-entropy compensation). Because these context variations do not change the protein-base or protein-phosphate contacts, the hydrophobic contribution or the number of trapped water molecules at the interface, we conclude that a better sequence context improves the ?goodness of fit’ in the interface and and thus increases the magnitude of the negative configurational-vibrational contribution to ΔC°_p.     

Influence of β-cyclodextrin on the protolytic and complexing ability of p-aminobenzoic acid

UV spectroscopy was used to study the protolytic properties and determine the ionization constants of p-aminobenzoic acid in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. Formation of supramolecular structures of 1: 1 composition was established. Stability constants of the β-cyclodextrin-p-aminobenzoic acid inclusion complex were calculated, as were the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) of its formation. The complexing process between β-cyclodextrin and p-aminobenzoic acid was found to occur spontaneously in the temperature range under investigation while being accompanied by energy liberation and leading to a reduction in the system’s entropy.     

Studies of the dissociation and the protonation of TB-chlorosulphophenol

The dissociation constant of each step for TB-chlorosulphophenol has been determined by potentiometric method, and the thermodynamic constants, △G°, △H° and △S°, of the dissociation process have been calculated. The protonation constants were measured by the spectrophotometric method. The pH values of various forms of anions of the chromogenic reagent at their concentrations were also calculated.     

Study on preparation and inclusion behavior of inclusion complexes between β-cyclodextrin derivatives with benzophenone

In the paper, the two chemically modified β-cyclodextrin derivatives of 4,4´-diaminodiphenyl ether-bridged-bis-β-cyclodextrins (ODA-bis-β-CD) and p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-β-cyclodextrin (ABS-β-CD) were synthesized, and then these two β-cyclodextrin derivatives were respectively formed into inclusion complexes with benzophenone (BP) by co-precipitation method. The structure of the inclusion complexes were characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ¹H NMR spectroscopy and XRD. Spectral titration was performed to study the inclusion behavior of the inclusion complexes. These experiments indicated that two inclusion complexes were formed at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and the inclusion stability constants at different temperatures were calculated using the Benesi–Hildebrand (B–H) equation. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) were obtained. As a result, it was found that the two chemically modified β-cyclodextrins containing BP were exothermic and spontaneous process (ΔG°?<?0), and the processes of inclusion complexation were mainly enthalpy driven with negative or minor negative entropic contribution.     

Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Wood Activated Charcoal of Bombax Cieba Tree

Thermodynamic and kinetics of adsorption of basic dyes (methylene blue and basic blue 3) on wood charcoal activated at 800 °C, prepared from Bombax Cieba (M78D) was investigated. Equilibrium data was obtained using batch method at temperatures of 10 °C to 50 °C. It was found that adsorption increase with increase in temperature. The Langmuir isotherm model describe the equilibrium of adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔS°, ΔH° and ΔG° were calculated. From the values of ΔH° and ΔG°, it was concluded that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. To determine kinetics parameter Lagergren equation was applied, and it was found that the reaction proceed through first order kinetic mechanism.     

The thermodynamic investigation of inclusion complexations between β—cyclodextrin and hyoscyamine drugs

The inclusion complexations of β-cyclodextrin with four hyoscyamine drugs were investigated by microcalorimetric technique and ¹HNMR. All the inclusion complexes were found to be 1:1 and their thermodynamic parameters of formation constant K, ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were obtained. The ¹HNMR spectra strongly suggested that the drug molecule is included in the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin. The properties of binding force and effects of steric hindrance and chirality of the drugs on the inclusion complexation were also discussed.     

Synthesis of a MnO2/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite and its application as a sorbent for removing Cu2+ ions from aqueous media

In this research, a manganese dioxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MnO₂/MWCNT) was firstly synthesized and characterized and then was applied as an effective sorbent for removing Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous solution. The effects of initial concentration, temperature, contact time, pH solution, and sorbent dosage were investigated and the optimum value of each was determined. The Langmuir isotherm model, Freundlich model, and Temkin model were used to fit our experimental results. Ultimately, using the Van't Hoff approach, the thermodynamic functions of the intended adsorption phenomenon such as ΔH°_ad, ΔS°_ad, and ΔG°_ad were estimated.     

Studies on the Equilibria of α-Phthalic and Phosphoric Acids in Mixed Methanol — Water Mixture (50% w/w)

The secondary dissociation constants of α-phthalic and phosphoric acids have been determined in 50% w/w methanol-water mixture from the e.m.f measurements of the cell of the type: Pt; H₂(1 atm), M₂A(m), MHA(m), MCl, AgCl; Ag at different temperatures (288.15–308.15 K) and at different ionic strengths. The thermodynamic values ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS° for the respective equilibria are estimated. The possibility of using these acids as basis for some buffer solutions in 50% methanol – water mixture is discussed.