计算机拟合技术研究C18柱在富集PAEs时的萃取条件

利用固相萃取技术富集了水中5种邻苯二甲酸酯类(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)).借助均匀设计法及计算机回归建模优化技术对5种PAEs的固相萃取条件进行了设计与优化,得到最佳固相萃取条件为: 洗脱剂配比: V(正己烷)∶V(丙酮)=30∶1,洗脱体积2 mL,洗脱流速为4 mL/min,上样流速8 mL/min.富集后的样品用带电子捕获检测器的毛细管气相色谱检测,方法的线性范围为1～1000 μg/L (DMP,DEP,DOP),0.2～100 μg/L (DBP,DEHP);线性回归方程的相关系数为0.9970～1.000,检出限为0.02～0.4 μg/L,方法回收率为69%～117%,相对标准偏差为2.2%～9.5%.     

固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法检测水中3种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯的方法. 考察了固相萃取柱、洗脱溶剂、洗脱体积、上样速度以及洗脱速度对萃取效率的影响. 通过综合分析, 选定SupelcleanLC-18 SPE Tube固相萃取柱, 甲醇为洗脱剂, 洗脱体积2 mL, 上样速度为4 mL/min, 洗脱速度为1 mL/min. 在此萃取条件下, 萃取回收率在83.4%～121.2%之间. 邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯质量浓度在2～100 mg/L之间均为线性. 经萃取后, 方法的最低检出限分别为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯0.06 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯0.16 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯0.08 μg/L. 方法的精密度在10%～15%之间. 应用该方法测定自来水中酞酸酯类化合物的含量, 加标回收率为83.6%～110.2%.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中12种邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物的含量北大核心CSCD

在2 mL尿液样品中加入4 mg·L^(-1)混合内标溶液0.01 mL、不低于850 U·mL^(-1)的β-葡萄糖醛酸酶溶液和1 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液0.5 mL,充分振荡后于37℃水解2.0 h,降至室温,用乙腈定容至5 mL,冷冻2 h,恢复至常温后,过0.22μm有机滤膜.采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定其中12种邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物的含量,基质匹配法消除基质干扰,内标法定量.结果表明,12种邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物工作曲线的线性范围均为1.00~200μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.05~1.88μg·L^(-1).按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为75.3%~114%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.5%~10%.方法用于测定35份儿童尿液样品,其中检出11种邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单异癸酯(MDP)未检出.     

食品包装材料中13种增塑剂的毛细管气相色谱法测定

建立了索氏提取、固相萃取净化浓缩、毛细管气相色谱法测定塑料食品包装材料中13种增塑剂的方法.优化了固相萃取淋洗剂、洗脱剂和洗脱剂体积等参数.样品经正己烷索氏提取后,用硅胶小柱净化浓缩.以正己烷-甲苯为淋洗剂,2 mL乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂.过滤后的洗脱液用气相色谱仪分析.结果显示,13种增塑剂在0.1～1000 mg/L范围...     

超高效液相色谱法测定烟用香精中的欧前胡素

建立了测定烟用香精中欧前胡素的超高效液相色谱方法.以体积比为1∶1的乙腈-水溶液为萃取剂,采用ACQUITY UPLC(R)BEH C18(50 mm×2.1mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,柱温为30℃,流动相为乙腈-水,进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 mL/min,检测波长为248 nm,对20种烟用香精样品进行测定.欧前胡...     

单壁碳纳米管固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定茶油中6种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）为吸附剂的固相萃取净化-气相色谱-质谱检测茶油中6种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的分析方法。样品经正己烷稀释,玻璃SWCNTs SPE小柱净化,GC-MS选择离子监测（SIM）模式测定,外标法定量。对正己烷的稀释体积、吸附材料的类型、SWCNTs用量、淋洗液用量、洗脱溶剂类型和体积等影响萃取效率的条件进行了优化,得到的最优萃取条件为：正己烷稀释体积为5 mL,SWCNTs用量为0.6 g,淋洗液为20 mL正己烷,洗脱溶剂为5 mL甲苯。6种PAEs在0.05~1.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.9999;在0.05~1.0 mg/kg添加范围内,6种目标物的平均回收率为86.4%~111.7%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~10.4%。该方法准确、快速,可满足茶油中6种邻苯二甲酸酯的检测需要。     

固相萃取-气质联用测定水环境中痕量多环麝香

建立了固相萃取-气质联用法测定水中佳乐麝香(HHCB)和吐纳麝香(AHTN)这两种主要的多环麝香的方法.利用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱预处理水样,通过对固相萃取条件的优化,得出了最佳实验条件:洗脱溶剂为正己烷,洗脱体积为10mL,水样中添加体积分数0.5%甲醇作为有机改性剂,控制上样流速为5～10mL/min,洗脱速率为0.5～2mL/min.该方法线性相关性好,相对标准偏差在1.67%～5.48%之间,对两种多环麝香的方法检测限均为0.025μg/L.利用该方法对污水处理厂进出水中多环麝香进行测定,佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香的去除率分别为61.3%和51.6%.     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定压敏胶及其制品中9种邻苯二甲酸酯

采用高效液相色谱-质谱( HPLC - MS)法,对压敏胶及其制品中的9种邻苯二甲酸酯进行同时测定.以乙酸乙酯为溶剂溶解压敏胶,甲醇沉淀高聚物,以3 000 r/min离心5min,清液定容后,用HPLC -MS分析检测.采用Xterra-Phenyl色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水,流速为1 mL/min,选择离子监测.在优...     

HPLC／UV法对银鲫肌肉组织中甲苯咪唑及其代谢产物残留的同时测定

建立了一种用高效液相色谱同时测定银鲫肌肉组织中甲苯咪唑(MBZ)及其代谢物氨基甲苯咪唑和羟基甲苯咪唑的方法.银鲫肌肉组织用乙酸乙酯提取,萃取物旋转蒸发至干后用1 mL二甲基甲酰胺-0.05 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(体积比3 ∶ 7)定容.色谱条件:Waters symmetry C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(体积比33 ∶ 67);流速:0.8 mL/min;检测波长为298 nm;检测温度为室温.在10 ～120 μg/kg添加水平,MBZ、MBZ-NH2、MBZ-OH的回收率分别为81% ～86%、71% ～75%、86% ～93%.MBZ的检出限为2 μg/kg,MBZ-OH和MBZ-NH2检出限均为3 μg/kg.     

用流动注射分析法测定强碱性阴离子交换树脂的交换容量

建立了快速测定微量氯离子的FIA分光光度法和快速测定强碱性阴离子交换树脂交换容量的FIA法。本方法将离子交换微型柱导入树脂交换容量的测定中 ,不但获得了很好的精度 (RSD <0 .9% ) ,而且使测定效率提高了近 30倍。优选实验得到的最佳测定条件为再生液流速 0 .5mL/min ,再生剂用量 :333mL/ g,再生剂浓度 :3.0 % (W /V) ;样品液流速 :1 .5mL/min ;树脂交换容量测定温度 :2 5℃± 5℃。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定纺织品中的邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素

采用索氏提取法以正己烷为提取溶剂提取纺织品中的邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs),以强阴离子交换固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化本底杂质并富集待测物,建立了纺织品中10余种PAEs环境激素的同时测定方法。采用的固相萃取条件为:5 mL正己烷活化、3 mL异辛烷淋洗、2 mL含15%乙酸乙酯的正己烷溶液洗脱。SPE能有效地对提取液进行富集浓缩,同时对纺织物提取液中的杂质净化效果突出。该方法准确可靠,重现性好,在5~100 mg/kg 添加水平,PAEs各化合物的回收率为86.3%~102.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）一般小于5%。检测的10余种PAEs中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯(DPrP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(DAP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DNOP)的方法检出限小于1mg/kg,邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)与邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP）的方法检出限分别为1.74 mg/kg和1.55 mg/kg。     

Development of a simple and valid method for the trace determination of phthalate esters in human plasma using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A new method was developed for the trace determination of phthalic acid esters in plasma using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Plasma proteins were efficiently precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and then a mixture of chlorobenzene (as extraction solvent) and acetonitrile (as dispersive solvent) rapidly injected to clear supernatant using a syringe. After centrifuging, chlorobenzene sedimented at the bottom of the test tube. 1 μL of this sedimented phase was injected into the gas chromatograph for phthalic acid esters analysis. Different factors affecting the extraction performance, such as the type of extraction and dispersive solvent, their volume, extraction time, and the effects of salt addition were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were satisfactory and ranged between 820–1020 and 91–97%, respectively. The linear range was wide (50–1000 ng/mL) and limit of detection was very low (1.5–2.5 ng/mL for all analytes). The relative standard deviations for analysis of 1 μg/mL of the analytes were between 3.2–6.1%. Salt addition showed no significant effect on extraction recovery. Finally, the proposed method was successfully utilized for the extraction and determination of the phthalic acid esters in human plasma samples and satisfactory results were obtained.     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定含油脂食品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了含油脂食品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测方法。奶茶样品经乙腈-甲基叔丁基醚(9∶1,V/V)提取后,提取液用MAS-PAEC分散固相萃取管进行净化。调味包样品经乙腈(正己烷饱和)-甲基叔丁基醚(19∶1,V/V)提取2次后,提取液用CNW分散固相萃取管进行净化。采用基质匹配标准外标法进行定量分析。结果表明,奶茶中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的加标回收率为82.2%～125.4%;相对标准偏差小于16.5%;方法检出限为100～200μg/L。调味包中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的加标回收率为70.9%～115.5%;相对标准偏差小于9.8%;方法检出限为400～800μg/L。本方法快速、精确、简易、廉价、稳定,可应用于含油脂食品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的实际检测分析。     

气相色谱/质谱法测定植物油中脂肪酸氯丙醇酯

采用苯基硼酸(PBA)衍生化-气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,建立了同时检测植物油中脂肪酸3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯和脂肪酸2-氯-1,3-丙二醇酯(MCPD酯)的方法.对样品前处理过程中各因素进行了优化,获得了最佳条件,即称取0.1 g左右的食用油样品,加入内标后,经0.5 mL甲醇钠/甲醇(0.5 mol/L)水解1 min,中和后用3.0 mL正己烷脱脂净化两次;以0.25 mL PBA液衍生净化液后,用2.0 mL乙酸乙酯萃取衍生物3次,萃取液经氮气吹干后,用0.5 mL异辛烷溶解,离心后取上清液用GC-MS测定,内标法定量.在此条件下,样品中MCPD酯响应是德国DGF法响应的15～33倍;杂质相对去除率高达99.1％;有关方法学指标均较为理想.在MCPD酯为25～500 ng(以MCPD计)范围内,MCPD与内标峰面积的比值和浓度呈线性相关,相关系数大于0.9990.以花生油为加标基质,在250～1000 μg/kg范围内,进行3个水平的重复加标回收实验(n=6),3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的加标回收率分别为81.1％～92.3％和103％～120％;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为6.3％～12.4％和4.9％～9.4％;检出限分别为76.0和65.0 μg/kg.利用本方法测定2011年FAPAS考核样品(棕榈油)中3-MCPD酯的含量,测定值为4.01 mg/kg.结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,定量结果准确可靠,从根本上解决了仪器系统容易被污染的问题.     

Determination of total phthalate esters in wastewaters by differential pulse polarography

A reliable procedure for the determination of total phthalate esters as phthalic acid in environmental samples is based on differential pulse polarography (d.p.p.). The phthalate esters are extracted from the sample water with hexane; concentrated sulphuric acid/hexane partitioning provides effective removal of organic interferences. The individual phthalate esters are hydrolyzed by refluxing with 10 M potassium hydroxide to phthalic acid, which is extracted with ethyl acetate followed by evaporation of the extract. This procedure gives recoveries of 83–90%. The residue is dissolved in 0.1 M acetic acid/0.1 M potassium chloride for d.p.p. The otpimal conditions for polarography are discussed. The calibration graphs are linear over the range 2 × 10^?6–1 × 10^?4 M and the detection limit for phthalic acid is 5 × 10^?7 M. The method was successfully applied to determine total phthalate esters over the range 0.3–30 μg l^?1 in crude and treated wastewaters.     

Quantitative structure‐retention relationships of the chromatographic retentions of phthalic acid ester contaminants in foods

The harmful health effects caused by phthalic acid esters have been supported from the increasing scientific evidence, developing the efficient methodologies to monitor the levels of phthalic acid esters in various foods become especially important from the aspects of human exposure assessment and their migration mechanistic understanding. In this study, quantitative structure‐retention relationship studies on both the gas and liquid chromatographic retention times of 23 phthalic acid esters were performed by genetic function approximation, and the optimal quantitative structure‐retention relationship models (r² > 0.980, r²_CV > 0.960, and r²_pred > 0.865) passed the statistical tests of cross‐validation, randomization, external prediction, Roy′ r_m² metrics, Golbraikh‐Tropsha′ criteria and applicability domain. The established predictive models elucidate the structural requirements for the retention of phthalic acid esters over different chromatographic columns, which were finally used to predict the retention times of 11 new phthalic acid esters. Hopefully, this work could provide useful guidelines for better understanding and accurate prediction of the retention behavior of undetermined phthalic acid esters when lacking standard samples or under poor experimental conditions, and make the simultaneous identification and quantification of numerous phthalic acid esters possible.     

Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of cobalt using 7-Nitroso-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid as reagent

A thinlayer chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of phthalic acid esters in aqueous PVC-plastic extracts has been developed. Petroleum ether/diethyl ether/glacial acetic acid (8∶2∶0.1) is used as solvent; the plates are coated with 0.2 mm of silica gel with fluorescent agent. After separation and elution a photometric determination is performed.     

Rapid analysis of phthalic acid esters in environmental water using fast elution gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and adaptive library spectra

A method for the fast determination of the components in a complex sample by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was developed and used for the quantitative analysis of phthalic acid esters in environmental water. In the method, the adaptively corrected mass spectra were used to compensate for the differences between the library spectra and the measured ones in the experiment. The correction was obtained by the iterative transformation of the library spectra using iterative target transformation factor analysis, and the resolution was performed by non‐negative immune algorithm using the corrected spectra. Rapid analysis of 16 phthalic acid esters in water samples was achieved using fast elution gas chromatography with mass spectrometry measurements. The results show that the mass spectra and chromatographic profiles of the phthalic acid esters can be obtained from the overlapping signal of 13 min elution, and accurate quantitative analysis can be obtained. The recoveries of the phthalic acid esters obtained by standard addition are between 90.3 and 107.4%, and the relative standard deviations obtained in repeated measurements are less than 9%.     

Bis- and tris-bicyclophosphites of d-glucofuranoside. Unexpected catalysis of P(III/V)-oxidation by triethylamine

The synthesis and characterization of several new bicyclophosphites via reactions of (i) ethyl 1-thio-α-d-glucofuranoside 3,5,6-phosphite with acid chlorides (phthalic or butylphosphoric), (ii) ethyl 1-thio-α-d-glucofuranoside 3,5,6-phosphite with 2-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane and (iii) the tetraol system of ethyl 1-thio-α-d-glucofuranoside and hexaethyltriamidophosphite are reported. Unusual catalytic transformation of P(III)-compounds into the respective P(V)-spieces under extraordinary mild conditions by reaction with sulfur and selenium in the presence of triethylamine was discovered for the first time.     

气相色谱-质谱分析新种海绵Reniochalina sp.中的低极性组分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）与核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）相结合的方法,对中国黄海肾指海绵属新种海绵Reniochalina sp.中的低极性组分进行了研究。实验首先采用环己烷对海绵进行提取,然后将提取液浓缩,用硅胶柱对其进行柱色谱分离。取乙酸乙酯-环己烷（体积比为1∶9）混合液梯度洗脱所得油状物用于连续两次制备色谱分离,得到两个样品,对其进行1H-NMR及GC-MS分析。此次实验共从该海绵中分离鉴定出10种链烃、2种脂肪酸、2种脂肪酸酯、邻苯二甲酸以及3种邻苯二甲酸二酯共18种化学成分。该研