空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质的研制

采用称量法制备空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质,分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性检验。结果表明,研制的空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,定值结果分别为10,500μmol/mol,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为2%(k=2)。该标准物质可用于偏二甲肼报警器的检定或校准。     

可移动式微量氧分析仪检定装置研制

研制一种新型可移动式微量氧分析仪检定装置。该装置由标准气体、零点气、脱氧纯化器、减压阀、调节阀、4通阀、5通阀、不锈钢管路、流量控制系统、移动平台等组成。该装置气密性好,15 min内可将装置内氧气浓度由20.9%降至不大于0.1μmol/mol,对于0~10μmol/mol的微量氧分析仪检定结果的扩展不确定度为Urel=1.7%FS(k=2)。该装置满足气体标准物质的连续切换和在线检定的需要,检定时间短,结果准确可靠,可为在线式和非在线式微量氧分析仪的量值溯源提供有效保障。     

氮中磷化氢气体标准物质的制备

用称量法配制磷化氢气体标准物质,以配制值作为标准值,研制出浓度为10~4 000μmol/mol的氮中磷化氢气体标准物质,其量值相对扩展不确定度U_(rel)=2%(k=2),其均匀性满足FF_α,稳定性满足|b_1|t_(0.95,n-2)·s(b_1)。试验测试和应用结果表明,该标准物质量值准确可靠,均匀性、稳定性和不确定度符合项目任务书的要求,可用于磷化氢气体报警器的检定、校准以及环境监测和化工企业等领域的质量控制、方法确认。     

总悬浮颗粒物测试仪检定结果的不确定度评定

对总悬浮颗粒物测试仪检定结果的不确定度进行了评定,分析了检定过程中不确定度的主要来源,如计量标准、测量重复性、检定装置示值误差等.对各不确定度分量进行了量化,求得检定结果的相对扩展不确定度为1.8%(k=2).对检定结果不确定度评定的合理性进行了验证.     

口腔气体检测仪校准装置的研制

利用研制的三通道渗透管装置发生摩尔分数范围为0.1~1.0μmol/mol的硫化氢、甲基硫醇、二甲基硫醚混合气体,用于校准检测口腔气体检测仪。校准装置可以在固定输出总流量不变的情况下,快速改变发生硫化物的摩尔分数。对校准装置的温控系统和流量系统进行了测试,通过总硫分析仪对校准装置发生的低含量硫化物的量值进行了比较和验证。该校准装置发生的低含量硫化物量的相对扩展不确定度不大于6.8%(k=2)。     

氮中丙烯腈气体标准物质的研制

以高纯丙烯腈和高纯氮气为原料,采用称量法配制氮中丙烯腈气体标准物质。对配制的气体标准物质分别进行机械混匀试验、压力均匀性和时间稳定性试验。经F检验,2.00μmol/mol及5.00μmol/mol两种浓度的样品在0.5~10 MPa范围内标准值无显著变化,具有较好的压力均匀性;在–20℃和40℃条件下保存7 d,其量值无显著变化,可满足运输环节量值稳定;在常温下贮存9个月量值无显著变化,表明其稳定性良好,满足国家二级标准物质对有效期的要求。对定值结果的不确定度进行评定。配制的氮中丙烯腈气体标准物质标准值为(2~5)×10~(–6)mol/mol,相对扩展不确定度为9%(k=2)。该标准物质达到国家二级标准物质的相关技术要求,可用于对丙烯腈气体报警器的校准。     

浊度仪检定结果的不确定度评定

按照JJG 880-2006<浊度计检定规程>对浊度仪进行示值误差的检定,对检定结果的不确定度来源进行了分析,对各不确定度分量进行了评定并合成了标准不确定度.当浊度仪的示值误差为5.0%时,检定结果的扩展不确定度U=3.8% (k=2).     

动态法评价等离子体发射检测器的线性和检出限

根据ISO 6145–7:2009设计和研制了大量程气体动态稀释装置,稀释倍数为20~30 000,流量输出为0.5~3 L/min,相对扩展不确定度为2.2%(k=2)。采用以重量法制备的高纯氦气中8组分混合气体对稀释装置的准确性进行验证,利用装置发生的氦中8组分低含量混合气对气相色谱等离子体发射检测器的线性和检出限进行评价,结果显示等离子体发射检测器对氢气、氖气、氧气和甲烷的检测灵敏度很高,检出限可达5 nmol/mol以下,8组分气体在等离子体发射检测器上的线性拟合系数均大于0.999 9。仪器默认滤光片在氮气含量范围较大时产生非线性响应,更换滤光片后结果满意。     

红外分光光度计检定不确定度评定

以JJF 1059.1–2012为依据,对红外分光光度计计量检定的不确定度进行评定。分析了检定过程中波数示值误差及透射比示值误差不确定度的重要来源,包括测量重复性、标准物质等引入的不确定度分量。对各不确定度分量进行分析计算,波数示值误差测量结果的扩展不确定度U=1.1 cm–1,k=3。透射比示值误差测量结果的相对扩展不确定度U rel=0.2%,k=2。     

一体化湿度校准装置的研制

介绍一体化湿度校准装置的原理、实现方法和性能特点。根据分流法原理研制湿度发生单元,根据露点法原理研制湿度控制单元,通过软硬件系统实现闭环控制,组成一体化的湿度校准装置。对其测量不确定度进行了评定,在露点–50~20℃范围内,扩展不确定度U=0.3℃(k=2);在露点–70~–50℃范围内,扩展不确定度U=0.5℃(k=2)。该装置具有自动化程度高、量值准确可靠、平衡时间短、便于移动或携带等特点,能够扩展分流法湿度发生器的应用领域。     

气相色谱仪灵敏度及检测限的测量不确定度评定

按JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》和JJG700-1999《气相色谱仪检定规程》评定了气相色谱仪检测器灵敏度或检测限测量的不确定度。给出了评定灵敏度及检测限的测量不确定度数学模型,并对各不确定度分量进行了评定。浓度型检测器灵敏度或检测限的相对扩展不确定度均为4.4%(k=2),质量型检测器检测限的相对扩展不确定度为3.8%(k=2)。依据JJF1033-2008《计量标准考核规范》采用比对法验证了灵敏度和检测限测量不确定度的合理性。     

Rate coefficients and equilibrium constant for the CH2CHO + O2 reaction system

The kinetics of the CH2CHO + O2 reaction was experimentally studied in two quasi-static reactors and a discharge flow-reactor at temperatures ranging from 298 to 660 K and pressures between 1 mbar and 46 bar with helium as the bath gas. The CH2CHO radicals were produced by the laser-flash photolysis of ethyl vinyl ether at 193 nm and by the reaction F + CH3CHO, respectively. Laser-induced fluorescence excited at 337 or 347.4 nm was used to monitor the CH2CHO concentration. The reaction proceeded via reversible complex formation with subsequent isomerization and fast decomposition: CH2CHO + O2 <= => O2CH2CHO --> HO2CH2CO --> products. The rate coefficients for the first and second steps were determined (k1, k-1, k2) and analyzed by a master equation with specific rate coefficients from the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. Molecular and transition-state parameters were obtained from quantum chemical calculations. A third-law analysis led to the following thermodynamic parameters for the first step: Delta(R)S degrees 300K(1) = -144 J K(-1) mol(-1) (1 bar) and Delta(R)H degrees 300K(1) = (-101 +/- 4) kJ mol(-1). From the falloff analysis, the following temperature dependencies for the low- and high-pressure limiting rate coefficients were obtained: k1(0) = 5.14 x 10(-14) exp(210 K/T) cm(-3) s(-1); k1(infinity) = 1.7 x 10(-12) exp(-520 K/T) cm(-3) s(-1); and k2(infinity) = 1.3 x 10(12) exp[-(82 +/- 4) kJ mol(-1)/RT] s(-1). Readily applicable analytical representations for the pressure and temperature dependence of k1 were derived to be used in kinetic modeling.     

二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质研制

研制二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质。以高纯二氧化碳和一氧化氮气体标准物质为原料,采用称量法制备二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质,用气体分析仪对制备的标准物质浓度进行检测,并对该标准物质定值结果的不确定度进行评定。研制的二氧化碳中一氧化氮气体标准物质中一氧化氮的浓度为5,25,50 μmol/mol,相对扩展不确定度为3.0% (k=2)。该气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,可用于食品级二氧化碳分析方法的确认和评价。     

Reactive intermediates relevant to the carbonylation of CH(3)Mn(CO)(5). Activation parameters for key dynamic processes

Reported is a time-resolved infrared and optical kinetics investigation of the transient species CH(3)C(O)Mn(CO)(4) (I(Mn)) generated by flash photolysis of the acetyl manganese pentacarbonyl complex CH(3)C(O)Mn(CO)(5) (A(Mn)) in cyclohexane and in tetrahydrofuran. Activation parameters were determined for CO trapping of I(Mn) to regenerate A(Mn) (rate = k(CO) [CO][I(Mn)]) as well as the methyl migration pathway to form methylmanganese pentacarbonyl CH(3)Mn(CO)(5) (M(Mn)) (rate = k(M)[I(Mn)]). These values were Delta H(++)(CO) = 31 +/- 1 kJ mol(-1), Delta S(++)(CO) = -64 +/- 3 J mol(-1) K(-1), Delta H(++)(M) = 35 +/- 1 kJ mol(-1), and Delta S(++)(M) = -111 +/- 3 J mol(-1) K(-1). Substantially different activation parameters were found for the methyl migration kinetics of I(Mn) in THF solutions where Delta H(++)(M) = 68 +/- 4 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S(++)(M) = 10 +/- 10 J mol(-1) K(-1), consistent with the earlier conclusion (Boese, W. T.; Ford, P. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8381-8391) that the composition of I(Mn) is different in these two media. The possible isotope effect on k(M) was also evaluated by studying the intermediates generated from flash photolysis of CD(3)C(O)Mn(CO)(5) in cyclohexane, but this was found to be nearly negligible (k(M)(h)/k(M)(d) (298 K) = 0.97 +/- 0.05, Delta H(++)(M)(d) = 37 +/- 4 kJ mol(-1), and Delta S(++)(M)(d) = -104 +/- 12 J mol(-1) K(-1)). The relevance to the migratory insertion mechanism of CH(3)Mn(CO)(5), a model for catalytic carbonylations, is discussed.     

Evaluation of the combined measurement uncertainty in isotope dilution by MC-ICP-MS

The combination of metrological weighing, the measurement of isotope amount ratios by a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) and the use of high-purity reference materials are the cornerstones to achieve improved results for the amount content of lead in wine by the reversed isotope dilution technique. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and reversed IDMS have the potential to be a so-called primary method, with which close comparability and well-stated combined measurement uncertainties can be obtained.This work describes the detailed uncertainty budget determination using the ISO-GUM approach. The traces of lead in wine were separated from the matrix by ion exchange chromatography after HNO(3)/H(2)O(2) microwave digestion. The thallium isotope amount ratio ( n((205)Tl)/ n((203)Tl)) was used to correct for mass discrimination using an exponential model approach. The corrected lead isotope amount ratio n((206)Pb)/ n((208)Pb) for the isotopic standard SRM 981 measured in our laboratory was compared with ratio values considered to be the least uncertain. The result has been compared in a so-called pilot study "lead in wine" organised by the CCQM (Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière, BIPM, Paris; the highest measurement authority for analytical chemical measurements).The result for the lead amount content k(Pb) and the corresponding expanded uncertainty U given by our laboratory was:k(Pb)=1.329 x 10-10mol g-1 (amount content of lead in wine)U[k(Pb)]=1.0 x 10-12mol g-1 (expanded uncertainty U=kxuc, k=2)The uncertainty of the main influence parameter of the combined measurement uncertainty was determined to be the isotope amount ratio R(206,B) of the blend between the enriched spike and the sample.     

啤酒发酵储罐间氧气探测报警器的作用及其检定

简要介绍便携式与固定式氧气探测报警器的区别及其在啤酒发酵储罐间的应用,列出了氧气探测报警器检定的主要技术指标。     

痕量臭氧标准气体发生装置的研制

研制了一种新型的痕量臭氧标准气体发生装置,可输出设定量值的稳定臭氧标准气体,24 h连续运行,输出量值相对标准偏差小于1.2%。发生臭氧浓度范围为25～1 000 nmol/mol。该装置可输出一组按顺序增大或减小的臭氧标准气体,可与被校准仪器连接进行比对试验或检定校准。与美国国家标准局(NIST)臭氧基准测量装置SPR41比对试验研究表明,研制的臭氧标准气体发生装置具有很好的准确性,定值不确定度小于1%(k=2)。