类肝素超支化聚醚的制备、组装及其生物相容性的研究

利用超支化的聚(3-乙基-3-羟甲基氧杂环丁烷)(HBPO)与1,3-丙烷磺内酯反应,制备了磺酸基修饰的水溶性的类肝素超支化聚醚(HBPO-SO3),1H-NMR和FTIR表征产物具有预期的结构.通过粒径分析仪、透射电镜(TEM)和荧光探针对聚合物在水溶液中的自组装行为进行表征,证明当HBPO-SO3在水溶液中的浓度大于0.017mg/mL时,可形成尺寸在25～70nm之间的具有疏水内核的胶束.复钙化凝血时间(PRT)的测定证明这种类肝素超支化聚醚具有良好的抗凝血性能,体外细胞活性测定和细胞形貌观察证明其具有良好的细胞相容性.     

Synthesis of novel multi-arm star azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers with a hyperbranched core

A series of novel multi-arm star side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) copolymers with hyperbranched core moieties were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a multi-functional hyperbranched polyether as the initiator and chlorobenzene as the solvent. The multi-functional hyperbranched polyether initiator was prepared from poly(3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane) (PEHO) and 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide. The azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline arms were designed to have an LC conformation of poly[6-(4-methoxy-4^′-oxy-azobenzene)hexyl methacrylate] with different molecular weights. Their characterization was performed with ¹H NMR, size exclusion chromatograph (SEC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal polarized optical microscopy (POM). The multi-arm star side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers exhibited a smectic and a nematic phase, and the phase transition temperatures from the smectic to the nematic phase and from the nematic to isotropic phase increased with increasing the molecular weight of the multi-arm star side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers from 1.78 × 10⁴ to 9.07 × 10⁴.     

New type of nanofiltration membrane based on crosslinked hyperbranched polymers

Novel nanofiltration (NF) membrane was developed from hydroxyl-ended hyperbranched polyester (HPE) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) by in situ interfacial polymerization process using ultrafiltration polysulfone membrane as porous support. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (CA) measurements were employed to characterize the resulting membranes. The results indicated that the crosslinked hyperbranched polyester produced a uniform, ultra-thin active layer atop polysulfone (PSf) membrane support. FTIR-ATR spectra indicated that TMC reacted sufficiently with HPE. Water permeability and salts rejection of the prepared NF membrane were measured under low trans-membrane pressures. The resulting NF membranes exhibited significantly enhanced water permeability while maintaining high rejection of salts. The salts rejection increase was accompanied with the flux decrease when TMC dosage was increased. The flux and rejection of NF 1 for Na₂SO₄ (1 g/L) reached to 79.1 l/m² h and 85.4% under 0.3 MPa. The results encourage further exploration of NF membrane preparation using hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) as the selective ultra-thin layer.     

超支化聚(胺酯)的分子设计及其制备

以丙烯酸甲酯和二乙醇胺为原料由Michael加成反应制得N ,N 二羟乙基 3 胺基丙酸甲酯单体 ,再用“准一步法”和“发散法”使之与 1 ,1 ,1 三羟甲基丙烷 (核 )反应合成一种新型超支化聚 (胺 酯 ) .以核磁共振和元素分析方法对N ,N 二羟乙基 3 胺基丙酸甲酯单体的分子结构进行了表征 .GPC测定表明合成的超支化聚 (胺 酯 )分子量分布窄 ,具有单分散性 ;粘度小于同分子量的线形分子 ;耐热性能较好 ,失重温度高于2 0 0℃ .     

具有可控温敏相变行为的四氢呋喃-缩水甘油超支化共聚醚的合成

采用四氢呋喃(THF)和缩水甘油(glycidol)进行阳离子开环共聚,一步合成了主链中含有柔性聚四氢呋喃线型链段的温敏性超支化共聚醚.采用定量13C-NMR确定了共聚醚的超支化结构,同时计算了其支化度.利用体积排除色谱-多角度激光光散射(SEC-MALLS)对聚合物分子量及分布进行了表征.紫外-可见光光谱(UV)测试发现共聚醚水溶液透过率在最低临界溶解温度(LCST)附近呈现剧烈变化,但是其相变速率缓慢,相变平衡时间可达30 min;且聚合物溶液的相变速率和紫外光透过率变化具有温度依赖性.采用透射电镜(TEM)对相变过程观察后发现,这种缓慢相变过程是由于超支化共聚醚组装形成的胶束随温度升高发生不同程度聚集所致.     

不同代数超支化聚胺酯的制备及其在钕纳米粒子制备中的应用

以N，N-二羟乙基-3-胺基丙酸甲酯单体和季戊四醇（核）为原料，采用“准一步法”合成了具有端羟基的超支化聚胺酯（HPAE）。采用凝胶色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振和热重分析等对其进行了结构表征及性能探究。再以HPAE封装稀土粒子钕（Nd），制备出Nd复合纳米粒子，透射电镜（TEM）分析结果表明：随着HPAE代数增大，Nd纳米颗粒粒径越均匀，分散度越好。     

A_2和B_3单体重氮偶合反应制备超支化偶氮聚合物

利用A2/B3单体通过重氮偶合反应制备了超支化偶氮聚合物.利用核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外光谱和DSC热分析手段表征了聚合物的结构、光谱性能和玻璃化转变温度.合成的超支化偶氮聚合物具有很好的光响应性能,用488nm Ar+激光对超支化偶氮聚合物薄膜进行光加工,得到了规则的表面起伏光栅.     

Hyperbranched polylysine: Synthesis,mechanism and preparation for NIR-absorbing gold nanoparticles

The hyperbranched polylysine fluoroborate was synthesized by NH₃BF₄-Lys NCA ROP in triethylamine at 15℃, during which the cyclic dimer mainly initiated ROP as the secondary initiating species. The hyperbranched polylysine can be used as a stabilizer to prepare the NIR-absorbing HPlys@Au NPs.     

Surface-relief-grating formation behavior of two hyperbranched azo polymers

In this work,surface-relief-grating formation behavior was studied by using two hyperbranched azo polymers.The hyperbranched polymers containing pseudo-stilbene type azo chromophores throughout the hyperbranched structure were synthesized by step-growth polycondensation of AB₂ type monomers.The AB₂ monomer,4-（4’-（bis（2-chloroethyl）amino）-phenylazo） benzoic acid（BAA）,was prepared through azo-coupling reaction between N,N’-bis（2-chloroethyl）aniline and 4- aminobenzenic acid.The another AB₂ monomer,4-（4’-（bis（2-chloroethyl）amino）phenylazo）-3-nitro-benzoic acid（BANA）, was prepared through azo-coupling reaction between N,N-bis（2-chloroethyl）aniline and 3-nitro-4-aminobenzcnic acid.The hyperbranched polymers（PBAA and PBANA） were prepared through nucleophilic substitution reaction of BAA and BANA, respectively.The polymers synthesized were characterized by using spectroscopic methods and thermal analysis.The photoinduced dichroism and photo-induced surface-relief-grating（SRG） formation of the hyperbranched polymers were investigated upon irradiation with Ar⁺ laser at 488 nm.PBAA shows typical photoinduced dichroism SRG formation behavior.On the contrary,PBANA does not show the photoresponsive properties.The results indicate that the nitro at the ortho position of azo group of PBANA shows the effect of inhibiting the photoinduced variations.The effect can be attributed to the blockage of the trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene moieties by the steric hindrance.     

pH值响应性超支化多臂共聚物的合成及其自组装行为研究

以超支化双硫酯为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)活性自由基聚合方法,合成了以超支化聚酯(Boltorn H20)为核,聚丙烯酸为臂的两亲性超支化多臂共聚物(H20-star-PAA),并通过紫外分光光度计、动态光散射(DLS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对它在水溶液中的pH响应的自组装行为进行了研究.结果表明,在稀溶液条件下,H20-star-PAA始终以单分子胶束的形式存在,随着溶液pH的降低,胶束的PAA壳层会逐步塌缩,导致胶束尺寸减小;而在浓溶液条件下,当溶液的pH较低时,单分子胶束会进一步聚集形成多分子胶束.     

SYNTHESIS OF AN EPOXY-TERMINATED HYPERBRANCHED AROMATIC POLYESTER

An epoxy-terminated hyperbranched aromatic polyester (P3) was synthesized from a hyperbranched aromaticpolyester containing carboxylic acid end groups (P1), which was derived from the condensation polymerization of the AB_2monomer, 5-acetoxyisophthalic acid. Polymer P1 was converted into the polymeric acid chloride by reaction with thionylchloride. The acid chloride was reacted with ethanol and glycidol to form a poly(ethyl ester) (P2) and an epoxy terminatedmaterial (P3), respectively. The reaction conditions in each step of these processes had to be controlled very carefully toavoid unwanted cross-linking reactions. The characterization of products and intermediates, including molecular weightdistributions and thermal properties, are reported.     

Specific thermoresponsive behaviours exhibited by optically active and inactive phenylalanine modified hyperbranched polyethylenimines in water

Optically active and inactive hyperbranched polymers with specific thermoresponsive behaviours in water were reported.Through two steps hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) polymers terminated with different amount of D-phenylalanine (D-Phe),L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) or DL-phenylalanine (DL-Phe) were prepared and characterized.The analyses on the solution properties by turbidimetry,dynamic light scattering,fluorescence probe and 1H-NMR demonstrated that all the polymers exhibited specific thermoresponsive behaviours in water,including:(1) In the dilute polymer concentration region,increasing the polymer concentration led to the increase of phase transition temperature;(2) The optically inactive thermoresponsive hyperbranched polymers showed a higher cloud-point temperature (Tcp) than their corresponding optically active ones in a relatively higher polymer concentration;(3) At the same polymer concentration the hydrophobic groups of the optically inactive HPEI-DL-Phe formed more perfect hydrophobic domain than those of the optically active HPEI-L-Phe and HPEI-D-Phe.     

超支化聚合物氮修饰Pd催化剂促进甲酸电催化氧化

通过原位聚合法制备了以超支化聚合物的氮修饰的PdN_x/C催化剂, 并考察了其催化甲酸电氧化反应的性能. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术研究了氮的引入对催化活性组分Pd的形貌及表面电子形态的影响. 结果表明, 修饰氮后Pd纳米粒子粒径可稳定在2 nm, 并且保持了较高的分散度, 改善了表面Pd电子状态. 与Pd/C催化剂相比, 氮修饰的PdN₂₀/C用于甲酸电氧化的Pd单位质量比活性提高了10.9%.     

超支化聚碳硅氮烷的合成与表征

聚碳硅氮烷是一种新型含硅有机金属聚合物,其主链由硅氮碳连接而成,侧链为有机基团;与其它含硅聚合物(聚硅氮烷、聚碳硅烷等)类似,聚碳硅氮烷适于用做力学性能极佳且耐高温氧化的氮化硅(Si3N4)和氮化硅/碳化硅(Si3N4/SiC)复相陶瓷的前驱体.[1]超支化聚合物具有溶解性好、粘度低     

带有端烷烃链的超支化聚酯的受限结晶及动态黏弹行为

以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为核,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为支化单体,通过熔融缩聚法合成了第3代端羟基脂肪族超支化聚酯,并用十八酸对其进行端基改性,采用广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)及红外光谱(FTIR)研究了不同端基改性程度的超支化聚酯的结晶熔融行为及端烷烃链的构象和堆积结构随温度的变化,采用旋转流变仪研究了端烷烃链对脂肪族超支化聚酯熔体动态黏弹行为的影响.结果表明,这类改性超支化聚酯的结晶归因于长链端烷烃的有序排列,改性程度越高,衍射峰强度越大.受限结晶的端烷烃链在升温后并不能完全转变为无序的结构状态,改性超支化聚酯在"熔点"以上仍有部分有序结构存在.超支化聚酯的线性黏弹区随着端基改性程度的增大而逐渐变短,超支化聚酯的弹性逐渐增大,剪切变稀越明显.动态流变测试中所出现的现象与改性超支化聚酯中端烷烃链的受限密切相关.     

可控降解超支化聚碳硅氮烷的合成与表征

通过锂化四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷分别与甲基氢二氯硅烷和二甲基氢氯硅烷的亲核取代反应合成了AB4和AB2型单体AB4M和AB2M,两种单体通过Karstedt催化剂催化的硅氢加成反应分别生成聚碳硅氮烷PAB4M和PAB2M.单体和聚合物的结构通过FT-IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、29Si-NMR和体积排除色谱-多角度激光光散射联用(SEC-MALLS)技术进行了表征,结果表明,单体的结构与设计结构相符合;单体聚合时主要以α-硅氢加成方式为主;聚合物具有超支化结构并由N(Si—C)3链节和大量端基双键组成.PAB4M和PAB2M的重均分子量分别为7800和5860g/mol,分子量分布系数分别为2·54和2·31·对PAB4M稳定性的初步研究表明,该聚合物对氯硅烷和在中性条件下对水稳定,但在HCl水溶液中可以降解,且通过控制HCl浓度可以调节其降解速度,从而实现对其控制降解.     

由聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和甘油制备温敏性超支化聚合物

由聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和甘油通过质子转移聚合(proton transfer polymerization)一步法制备了端羟基的温敏性超支化聚醚.聚合产物的分子量(Mn)在1.76×104~2.43×104之间,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在-31.5~-26.7℃之间,热分解温度(Td)在367~376℃之间.通过控制聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚和甘油的投料比,实现了对温敏性超支化聚醚最低临界溶解温度(LCST)的调节,LCST可控制在28.3~39.6℃之间.     

一锅法合成含磺酸基超支化聚氨酯

N-三羟甲基甲基氨基乙磺酸(TES)的胺基与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)环上活性较高的NCO在低温15℃下发生选择性反应,生成AB3型单体.随后提高反应温度(70～90℃),使AB3型单体原位聚合,一锅法合成出含磺酸基超支化聚氨酯.随着聚合温度的提高,超支化聚氨酯的支化度、分子量及分子量分布系数变大.90℃时,聚合产物的Mn为22410,支化度达到0.87.以此含磺酸基超支化聚氨酯为基础制得的聚合物电解质膜具有良好的耐热性、机械强度,其锂盐室温(约25℃)的离子电导率为3.1×10-5S/cm,100℃达到1.4×10-3 S/cm.     

9位芳香基取代超支化聚芴的合成与表征

以2,7-二溴芴酮为起始原料,在芴的9位引入芳香取代基代替传统的烷基取代基,增加9位的稳定性,并用AB+AB2的方法,用新单体合成了不同支化度的超支化聚合物,新合成的超支化聚合物具有良好的热稳定性和发光稳定性.聚合物的热分解温度都在400℃以上;聚合物的薄膜在空气中于200℃加热2 h后没有出现绿光发射带,发光稳定性和烷基聚芴相比得到明显的提高.DSC结果显示,线性聚合物在170℃时有玻璃化转变,超支化聚合物在300℃以内没有明显的相转变,保持一种稳定的无定形态,更有利于提高材料的发光效率.     

Using hyperbranched macromers as crosslinkers of methacrylic networks prepared by photopolymerization

Hyperbranched polymers were modified with terminal methacryloyl groups to be used as crosslinkers. The photoinitiated polymerization of several methacrylic monomers was examined in the presence of the hyperbranched macromers and bis-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide (Irgacure 819^®) as a photoinitiator, upon UV irradiation. The photopolymerization kinetics was systematically studied by fluorescence and photoDSC in real time and in situ. Six types of monofunctional methacrylic monomers, two types of difunctional methacrylic monomers and four types of (meth)acrylate-modified hyperbranched macromers with different structures were employed for series of photopolymerization reactions. The incorporation of the hyperbranched macromers allows to increase the conversion at gelation and thus, final conversion. This behaviour is dependent on monomer and macromer nature and has been explained as due to an increase of the free volume fraction and confirmed by fluorescence. The results indicate that H-bonding and π-stacking induce self-assembly of hyperbranched macromers leading to reaction induced phase separation at the highest concentration of hyperbranched macromer used.