CNTs/TiO2多孔复合膜的组装及光催化性能

提出了一种在掺氟的SnO2(FTO)导电玻璃上组装碳纳米管(CNTs)/Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔复合膜光催化剂的新方法.采用喷涂热解法(SPD)将掺杂镍和铁的含有嵌段聚合物P123的二氧化钛前驱体溶胶涂覆在FTO导电玻璃上,制备Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔膜,再采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在Fe-Ni/TiO2膜上原位生长CNTs,得到CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2多孔复合膜光催化剂.CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2复合膜具有多级孔结构特征,在TiO2表面原位生长的CNTs不但具有较好的石墨化结构,且CNTs较均匀地分布在整个膜层的孔中.考察了CNTs/Fe-Ni/TiO2复合膜光催化剂的结构和性能,并通过降解甲基橙溶液评价了复合膜的光催化活性.结果表明,CNTs的复合及铁和镍的掺杂等改性显著提高了TiO2膜材料的光催化活性.     

硅球多层模板溶胶浸渍法制备有序多孔TiO2薄膜

采用垂直沉积法组装了平均球径为188 nm的三维有序二氧化硅微球阵列。以该阵列为模板，通过在TiO₂前驱体溶胶中多次浸渍热处理循环，随后采用超声辅助的NaOH溶液腐蚀去除硅球模板，制备了>20层厚的反转结构的二氧化钛多孔膜。该二氧化钛薄膜在550 ℃下热处理20 h其多孔结构保持不变，表明采用此方法制备的二氧化钛多孔膜具有较好的热稳定性。X射线衍射图表明550 ℃下热处理得到的是具有锐钛矿结构的二氧化钛多孔膜。透光光谱显示了光子带隙出现在～400 nm。通过SEM观察，二氧化钛多孔膜     

TiO2修饰的镍基光电极的制备及光电化学性能

通过溶胶 凝胶法，直接在导电的金属镍基上制备多孔TiO2纳米薄膜，利用STM观察电极的表面形貌，所制TiO2粒径约为20～80 nm，随着烧结温度的升高，TiO2纳米薄膜表面孔的数量增多、孔径增大.用循环伏安法分析了电极的光电化学性能，结果表明，电极的光电响应随烧结温度的升高和薄膜厚度的增加而增大.     

Co~(2+)掺杂的纳米TiO_2薄膜光催化特性及电化学阻抗谱研究

本文采用交流电沉积技术,在多孔氧化铝模板中合成出Co2+掺杂的纳米TiO2薄膜(Co2+/TiO2薄膜)。以次甲基蓝为降解物,研究了纳米Co2+/TiO2薄膜在可见光下的催化性能,考察了阳极偏压对光催化活性的影响。用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了纳米Co2+/TiO2薄膜在次甲基蓝溶液中的电化学行为,给出了相应的等效电路和半导体能带结构参数-空间电荷层宽度。研究表明,适量Co2+掺杂可以提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性。在Co2+/TiO2膜电极上施加一定阳极偏压,使空间电荷层宽度增加,因此能有效实现光生电子-空穴分离,进一步提高次甲基蓝的光催化降解效率。     

Enhanced electrochromics of nanoporous cobalt oxide thin film prepared by a facile chemical bath deposition

A highly porous cobalt oxide thin film was prepared on ITO glass by a facile chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The as-prepared cobalt oxide film has an intercrossing net-like morphology. The electrochromic performance of cobalt oxide film was investigated in 0.1 M KOH by means of transmittance, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) measurements. The cobalt oxide thin film exhibits a noticeable electrochromism with reversible color changes from pale yellow to dark grey and presents a transmittance variation with 36% in the visible range. The porous cobalt oxide thin film also shows good reaction kinetics with fast switching speed, and the coloration and bleaching time are 2.5 and 2 s, respectively.     

负载型Pt-TiO2光催化剂的研究

TiO2粉末悬浮体系是一种研究比较早的光催化反应体系[1,2].由于它存在易凝聚和难回收等缺点,给实际应用带来了一定的困难.克服这一障碍的有效途径是制备负载型TiO2[3].所以,这些年来人们对负载型TiO2光催化体系颇有兴趣.从目前的文献报道来看,制备负载型TiO2的方法主要是溶胶法[4].采用溶胶法可在导体或非导体的基体上获得结合牢固、尺寸分布均匀的薄膜,但是膜的催化活性有待于提高.     

Drying and nondrying layer-by-layer assembly for the fabrication of sodium silicate/TiO2 nanoparticle composite films

Influences of drying and nondrying steps on structures of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled sodium silicate/TiO(2) nanoparticles films (donated as silicate/TiO(2) films) have been systematically investigated. The nondrying LbL assembly produces highly porous silicate/TiO(2) films with large thickness. In contrast, the silicate/TiO(2) films fabricated with a drying step after each layer deposition are flat and thin without porous structures. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements confirm that the sodium silicate and TiO(2) nanoparticles are deposited in their aggregated forms. A N(2) drying step can disintegrate the aggregated silicate and TiO(2) nanoparticles to produce thin silicate/TiO(2) films with compact structures. Without the drying steps, the aggregated silicate and TiO(2) nanoparticles are well retained, and their LbL assembly produces highly porous silicate/TiO(2) films of large thickness. The highly porous silicate/TiO(2) films are demonstrated to be useful as reusable film adsorbents for dye removal from wastewater because they can adsorb a large amount of cationic organic dyes and decompose them under UV irradiation. The present study is meaningful for exploring drying/nondrying steps for tailoring structure and functions of LbL assembled films.     

丁二酸在Ti/TiO2膜电极上的电化学合成

在包含原料马来酸的硫酸溶液中, 通过原位阳极氧化法制备了Ti/TiO2膜电极, 然后采用极性转换技术在原溶液中电化学合成丁二酸. 采用XPS, XRD和SEM分析了膜电极上的元素组成、价态分布和氧化膜的晶相结构及表面形貌. 结果表明, 阳极氧化膜层内只含有Ti和O两种元素, 且Ti均为Ti4+; TiO2氧化膜是金红石相, 表观呈现带孔的条纹形貌. 通过循环伏安、恒电位阶跃和恒电流电解技术研究了Ti/TiO2原位氧化膜电极的电化学性质, 结果表明, 该膜电极对马来酸电还原合成丁二酸具有较好的电催化活性. 以钛基氧化钌电极(DSA)为阳极, Ti/TiO2原位氧化膜电极为阴极进行恒电流电解了实验. 结果表明, 丁二酸的还原产率为95.94%, 电流效率为95.57%, 产物纯度为99.28%, 熔点为185~187 ℃.     

pH-Dependent reversible transformation of TPPS4 anchored on mesoporous TiO2 film between monomers and J-aggregates

Protonated TPPS4 monomer and its J-aggregate were formed simultaneously from TPPS4 adsorbed through its sulfonic acid groups on TiO2 porous film by decreasing the pH of the surrounding water and this behavior on TiO2 film can be reversibly repeated depending on pH, indicating a flexible and stable arrangement of TPPS4 through chemical bonds between the sulfonic acid groups and the TiO2 surface.     

具有高光催化活性的介孔单晶TiO2薄膜的制备

光催化技术在常温下能够直接利用太阳能来驱动反应, 已成为一种理想的环境污染治理和洁净能源生产技术. 但是比较多的限制条件阻碍了光催化发展和实际应用, 如何有效解决这些限制因素成为光催化技术走向工业化应用必须解决的问题. 目前光催化材料研究存在的问题主要包括: (1)研究工作主要集中的粉体催化剂存在分离困难、难以重复利用的缺点, 开发与基底结合牢固的薄膜材料是十分必要的; (2)光催化材料本身的光响应范围影响光催化材料的应用, 拓宽催化剂材料的光吸收范围是亟待解决的; (3)光生电子和空穴的复合问题是影响光催化剂催化活性的主要因素之一, 很多方法被用来阻止电子-空穴对的复合, 如: 金属和非金属的掺杂、贵金属修饰、异质结、新型催化剂结构的设计等, 如何设计促进催化剂光生电子和空穴的分离成为光催化技术应用的重要问题.介孔单晶TiO2通过自组装的方法被制备, 成为TiO2的一种新结构材料. 介孔单晶TiO2结合了介孔材料的大比表面积、单晶材料的电荷传输快等优点, 对于光催化性能有了很大的提高. 目前介孔单晶TiO2主要是以粉体的形式存在, 但是粉体TiO2的应用受到多方面的影响, 如: 难回收不易重复利用, 与电催化结合难, 不能借助电催化提高电荷分离效率等. TiO2薄膜能够解决粉体的不足, 近年来, TiO2光催化薄膜得到广泛的研究, TiO2薄膜的制备方法很多, 主要有液相制备方法、物理气相沉积法、化学气相沉积法、电化学方法、溅射法等. TiO2薄膜主要是以纳米颗粒的形式沉积在基底上, 并且多为多晶和无定形. 而对于介孔单晶TiO2薄膜的制备和研究还没有报道. 我们通过直接焙烧一步法制备了介孔单晶TiO2薄膜, 并对TiO2薄膜的生长情况、表面结构、TiO2晶相和晶体完整程度的变化对性能的影响进行了研究. 通过调变Ti与F的比例和煅烧温度, 研究不同的制备条件对其性能的影响, 从而制备高活性TiO2薄膜. 为了进一步提高介孔单晶TiO2薄膜的活性和拓展其吸收光谱范围, 使用高温热解自组装技术一步法制备了贵金属Au负载的介孔单价TiO2薄膜, Au纳米颗粒跟TiO2有较好的结合度. 在可见光照射下, Au/TiO2异质结构中Au表面由等离子体共振效应产生的活泼电子会注入TiO2导带, 使光生电子和空穴得到分离; 同时Au具有特殊的可见光等离子体共振效应能显著改善TiO2类宽带隙半导体的可见光响应性能.实验用还原Cr(Ⅵ)作为探针反应, 考察不同Au含量对光催化性能的影响.     

TiO2 phytate films as hosts and conduits for cytochrome c electrochemistry

Cytochrome c is accumulated into a film of TiO(2) nanoparticles and phytate by adsorption from an aqueous solution into the mesoporous structure. Stable voltammetric responses and high concentrations of redox protein within the TiO(2) phytate layer can be achieved. Two types of electrode systems are reported with (i) the modified TiO(2) phytate film between electrode and aqueous solution phase and (ii) the modified TiO(2) phytate film buried under a porous gold electrode ('porotrode'). The electrical conductivity of TiO(2) phytate films is measured and compared in the dry and in the wet state. Although in the dry state essentially insulating, the TiO(2) phytate film turns into an electrical conductor (with approximately 4 Omega cm specific resistivity assuming ohmic behaviour) when immersed in aqueous 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7. The redox protein cytochrome c is therefore directly connected to the electrode via diffusion and migration of electrons in the three dimensional mesoporous TiO(2) phytate host structure. Electron transfer from cytochrome c to TiO(2) is proposed to be the rate-determining step for this conduction mechanism.     

陶瓷泡沫空气过滤器涂覆中孔TiO2薄膜用于室内空气净化中高效光催化降解NO

由于人们80%的时间呆在室内,室内空气的质量直接影响人类健康,因此近年来室内空气质量越来越受到人们的关注.室内污染物包括CO氮氧化物(NOx)和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),它们给人体健康带来众多负面影响.更为重要的是,考虑到节能,现代建筑的空气密闭性大都较高,但这种减少吸入新鲜空气的设计直接导致室内各种污染物的累积.有些家用电器,如燃气灶和热水器,在使用的时候会涉及到煤、油和天然气的燃烧,特别是通风较差的情况下会成为室内主要的污染源.常规的治理技术,包括吸附和过滤,其成本相对较高,也不适用于低浓度污染物的治理.尤其是更换不及时的过滤器在排风系统中可能会成为VOCs的一个来源.因此,很有必要开发一种新型的技术以降低室内污染物的浓度和保持一个清洁的室内空气环境,从而保障人们的身体健康.光催化是去除室内空气污染物的有效方法.例如, TiO2、钛酸铋和钛酸锶等具有强氧化能力和稳定的光催化活性,因而是高效的光催化剂.一般而言,通常报道的TiO2光催化剂是高度分散的、或悬浮于液体介质中的细小颗粒或粉末.然而,粉末状的TiO2光催化剂不适宜于室内空气净化,因为它变得可吸入而对人体健康造成不利的影响.因此,人们尝试将TiO2颗粒作为薄膜固定在不同的刚性载体上,如玻璃、不锈钢和铝合金板.对基体进行涂覆可显著影响光催化时反应物的表面吸附行为.一般而言,光催化薄膜通常涂覆在平面上,如蜂窝空气过滤器.三维(3D)多孔的陶瓷泡沫对气体通过具有非常好的流体性质,因此本文以它作为涂覆的基体.这种陶瓷泡沫具有3D多孔结构,多种孔密度、比表面积和化学性质.3D多孔陶瓷泡沫空气过滤器的床层空隙率较高,因此使用时压降较低,且不像蜂窝空气过滤器,它具有复杂多变的孔结构,可增强流体的扰动和混合.另外,3D多孔陶瓷泡沫空气过滤器的开发多孔和网状的结构使得在催化体系具有非常好的气体动力学性质,催化剂表面和气体反应物有充分的接触.多孔材料在液相或气相催化反应中具有独特的优势,因此,陶瓷泡沫、多孔的氧化铝、多孔硅胶.分子筛和活性炭经常被用作催化剂载体.在固体基体上TiO2膜的形成可能使得TiO2光催化剂的有效比表面积降低,从而导致其光催化活性下降.然而,由于具有中孔结构的TiO2薄膜的比表面积大,其用于催化反应的活性位也更多,因此使用时仍然具有较高的活性.前期研究表明,涂覆在平面玻璃、不锈钢和氧化铝基体上的中孔TiO2薄膜用于环境净化时表现出增强的光催化效率.另外,室内环境中NO和NO2的浓度一般分别为几百个ppb之内和100 ppb以下.可见, NO是主要的室内空气污染物,对人体健康危害较大.基于此,本文首次采用反胶束法将中孔锐钛矿TiO2薄膜均匀一地涂覆在3D多孔高比表面积的泡沫过滤器上,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、N2吸附-脱附、紫外-可见光光谱和原子力显微镜对所制样品进行了表征,并将样品用于紫外光下催化降解NO,以揭示所制的中孔TiO2涂层具有高的比表面积和高的光催化活性,从而克服使用TiO2粉末所带来的不足.结果表明,由于中孔TiO2薄膜涂层具有较大的有效比表面积,其表面存在很多吸附活性位,用于吸附在反应过程中形成的水蒸汽、气相反应物和产物,因而具有更高的光催化活性,因此在陶瓷泡沫空气净化系统中可以高效地光催化NO降解：在所考察的不同孔密度的陶瓷泡沫过滤器涂覆的TiO2上400 ppb的NO单程转化率均在92.5%以上,高于涂覆在平面陶瓷砖上的TiO2.该陶瓷过滤器的3D多孔特性可增强流体的扰动和混合,使得气相反应物与光催化剂表面有着充分的接触;其大的孔密度也导致高的光催化速率.另外,本文所制样品在所有反应过程中均保持较高且稳定的NO降解速率,这表明其在NO降解反应中没有失活.     

Influence of ordering in porous TiO2 layers on electron diffusion

Layers of porous TiO(2) fabricated by electrophoretic deposition at different temperatures with subsequent sintering in air were investigated by transient photocurrent measurements in aqueous electrolyte. The effective diffusion coefficient of excess electrons changed between 1.6 x 10(-5) and 1.4 x 10(-4) cm(2)/s depending strongly on the solution temperature during the TiO(2) layer deposition. Characterization, in terms of average degree of preferred orientation, shows that low deposition temperature results in orientation of the nanocrystals forming the porous film. Consequently, the increase of effective diffusion coefficient is attributed to a higher degree of ordering in the nanoporous TiO(2) layer.     

Template-assisted electrostatic spray deposition as a new route to mesoporous, macroporous, and hierarchically porous oxide films

A novel film coating technique, template-assisted electrostatic spray deposition (TAESD), was developed for the synthesis of porous metal oxide films and tested on TiO(2). Organic templates are codeposited with the titania precursor by electrostatic spray deposition and then removed during calcination. Resultant films are highly porous with pores casted by uniformly sized templates, which introduced a new level of control over the pore morphology for the ESD method. Employing the amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic P123, PMMA latex spheres, or a combination of the two, mesoporous, macroporous, and hierarchically porous TiO(2) films are obtained. Decoupled from other coating parameters, film thickness can be controlled by deposition time or depositing multiple layers while maintaining the coating's structure and integrity.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-ZnFe2O4/TiO2 Films

The nano-ZnFe2O4/TiO2 films possess the functions of desulfurization and degradation for organic pollutants. The sols of ZnFe2O4/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method and coated on glass and porous ceramic by vertical coating and dipping-lift processes, respectively, and the samples were obtained after drying and sintering. The composition, appearance, absorption spectrum of the films, and the influence of the film on porous ceramic performances were analyzed using SEM, AFM, UV-Vis spectrometer, and mercury porosimeter, respectively, to determine the operation parameters of the multifunction porous ceramic elements for gas-purification.     

纳米尺度TiO2微粒多孔膜电极光电化学

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图和瞬态光电流谱等光电化学方法研究了TiO2多孔膜电极在含不同氧化还原体系的电解质溶液中的光电转换过程.结果说明TiO2多孔股为n-型半导体，其禁带宽度为3.26eV.当在电解质溶液中加入醌二苯酸（BQ／HQ），TiO2多孔膜电极的光电流作用谱形基本与没加氧化还原对时类似。在可见光区的光电流拖尾是由于醌被光激发，然后给出电子到TiO2多孔膜导带而产生阳极光电流.而在电解质溶液中加入Fe（CN）3-6-／4-时，TiO2多孔膜电极的光电流作用谱有明显的改变.除了在小于380nm短波区有光电流峰外，还在400-600nm的可见光区观察到宽的光电流峰，大大增加了光电流转换效率.同时在小于-0.2V下为阳极光电流，在-0.2V～0.3V电势区间为明显阴极光电流，在大于0.3V下可观察到较弱的阳极光电流.当电极电势大于-0.2V时，光电流瞬态谱在开始光照时有一阴极瞬态光电流尖峰，然后转变为阳极稳态光电流.这是因为当电极电势较负时，Fe（CN）4-6与TiO2的电子传递络合物可以吸收光子，光生电子迅速注入TiO2导带，然后还原溶液中的而产生阴极光电流.     

WO3-TiO2薄膜型复合光催化剂的制备和性能

 采用溶胶－凝胶法在多孔钛片上制备了WO3－TiO2薄膜型复合光催化剂,并用甲基橙的光催化降解反应对所得薄膜型催化剂的活性进行了评价．实验结果表明：x（W）＝0．5％,涂覆层数为3层,在500℃焙烧1h的WO3－TiO2薄膜型光催化剂的活性最高,比纯TiO2薄膜高出96．7％．此时多孔钛片上负载的TiO2以锐钛矿和金红石两种晶形存在,表明适量W的掺入可使TiO2的相转变温度显著降低．     

TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对染料X-3B溶液降解的光催化活性

 以粗孔球形硅胶为载体,以聚乙二醇和二乙醇单乙醚的钛酸四丁酯无水乙醇溶液为浸涂液,用涂覆法制备了TiO2／SiO2光催化剂．用XRD,SEM和UV－Vis等对催化剂的物相、形貌及TiO2负载量进行了表征,并通过可溶性染料活性艳红X－3B的降解反应,考察了其光催化活性．实验结果表明,当选用16．79％TiO2／SiO2光催化剂时,活性艳红X－3B溶液的脱色率可达93％以上．     

Nanoporous TiO2/polyion thin-film-coated long-period grating sensors for the direct measurement of low-molecular-weight analytes

We present novel nanoporous TiO(2)/polyion thin-film-coated long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensors for the direct measurement of low-molecular-weight chemicals by monitoring the resonance wavelength shift. The hybrid overlay films are prepared by a simple layer-by-layer deposition approach, which is mainly based on the electrostatic interaction of TiO(2) nanoparticles and polyions. By the alternate immersion of LPFG into dispersions of TiO(2) nanoparticles and polyions, respectively, the so-formed TiO(2)/polyion thin film exhibits a unique nanoporous internal structure and has a relative higher refractive index than LPFG cladding. In particular, the porosity of the thin film reduces the diffusion coefficient and enhances the permeability retention of low-molecular-weight analytes within the porous film. The increases in the refractive index of the LPFG overlay results in a distinguished modulation of the resonance wavelength. Therefore, the detection sensitivity of LPFG sensors has been greatly improved, according to theoretical simulation. After the structure of the TiO(2)/polyion thin film was optimized, glucose solutions as an example with a low concentration of 10(-7) M was easily detected and monitored at room temperature.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nanotitanium Dioxide Coating Film Doped with Fe^3＋ Ions on Porous Ceramic

The nanotitanium dioxide （TiO2） photocatalytic and porous ceramic filtering technique is one of the advanced methods to effectively treat organic wastewater. The TiO2 sol doped with Fe^3＋ ions was prepared by sol-gel processing. The influences of the process conditions of coating nanophotocatalytic material- Fe^3＋-TiO2 film on the surface of porous ceramic filter by dipping-lift method on the performance of porous ceramic filter were studied. The porous ceramic filters have two functions at the same time, filtration and photocatalytic degradation. The results of this study showed that the pH and viscosity of the sol, amount of Fe^3＋ ions doped as well as the coating times greatly affect the quality of coating film, the performance parameters and the photocatalytic activity of the porous ceramic filter. When the pH of the sol is 3-4, the viscosity is about 6 mPa.S, the amount of doped Fe^3＋ ions is about 2.0 g/L, the porous ceramic filter has been shown to have the best filtering performance and photocatalytic activity. In this condition, the porosity of porous ceramic is about 42.5%, the pore diameter is 8-10μm. The degradation of methyl-orange is 74.76% under lighting for 120 rain.