Mg-Fe-LDHs纳米颗粒的合成及其阴离子交换容量的研究

采用液相共沉淀法合成了镁铁型层状双氢氧化物(简称Mg-Fe-LDHs)纳米颗粒,考察了粒子形貌、化学组成、晶体结构、阴离子交换容量及原料配比的影响.结果表明,所合成样品为片状纳米颗粒,化学组成与原料配比基本一致.在所研究的原料配比范围内,产品中n(Mg):n(Fe)在2:1～4:1范围内,产品具有水滑石层状六方晶系结构.随n(Mg):n(Fe)从2:1增大到4:1,粒径增大(从37.9nm增大到61.2nm),六方晶格参数a降低(变化范围为0.317～0.310nm),而六方晶格参数c增大(变化范围为2.380～2.412nm),层间距增大(从0.793nm增大到0.804nm),阴离子交换容量增大(从0.52mmol/g增大到1.28mmol/g).     

Mg－Fe－LDHs纳米颗粒的合成及其 阴离子交换容量的研究

采用液相共沉淀法合成了镁铁型层状双氢氧化物（简称Mg－Fe－LDHs）纳米颗粒,考察了粒子形貌、化学组成、晶体结构、阴离子交换容量及原料配比的影响. 结果表明,所合成样品为片状纳米颗粒,化学组成与原料配比基本一致. 在所研究的原料配比范围内,产品中n(Mg)∶n(Fe)在2∶1～4∶1范围内,产品具有水滑石层状六方晶系结构. 随n(Mg)∶n(Fe)从2∶1增大到4∶1,粒径增大(从37.9 nm增大到61.2 nm), 六方晶格参数a降低(变化范围为0.317～0.310 nm),而六方晶格参数c增大(变化范围为2.380～2.412 nm),层间距增大(从0.793 nm增大到0.804 nm), 阴离子交换容量增大(从0.52 mmol/g增大到1.28 mmol/g).     

MgAl-EDTA柱撑水滑石的制备及其应用

以MgAl-CO3型水滑石为前体,由离子交换法进行插层组装,合成了EDTA柱撑的MgAl-EDTA水滑石,并用X射线衍射、红外光谱对样品进行了表征。探讨了n(Mg)/n(Al)摩尔比、pH、反应温度、EDTA与前体水滑石配比对插层反应的影响,结果表明,当n(Mg)/n(Al)摩尔比为2～3、pH在4.5左右、反应温度控制在150℃以上、同时保证过量的EDTA时,EDTA可以插入MgAl-CO3水滑石层间,取代CO23-,形成结构完好的EDTA柱撑水滑石。MgAl-EDTA柱撑水滑石通过层间EDTA对Cu2+的螯合作用,可以在较短的时间内吸附溶液中的Cu2+,溶液中Cu2+的去除率在96%以上。     

Zn-Al水滑石催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应的研究

用共沉淀法制备了Zn-Al水滑石,并用于多相催化酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的反应.研究了不同n(Zn)/n(Al)比的水滑石及其焙烧产物等对酯交换反应的催化活性.结果表明,Zn-Al水滑石催化剂对该反应的催化活性和选择性很高,当n(Zn)/n(Al)=3时,在150～180℃,n(PhOH)/n(DMC)=2,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.5%,在反应时间为12h的条件下,DMC的转化率达到55.9%,DPC和MPC的收率分别为25.3%和27.0%,酯交换产物的选择性达到93.6%.利用XRD,TG-DTA和TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征.     

Reforming of CH4 with CO2 over Co/Mγ-Al oxide catalyst

A series of Co/Mg–Al oxide samples,CoMgAl-x(x=(Mg+Co)/Al molar ratio of 1–5),were prepared by the self-combustion method followed by H2reduction.The catalytic performance and stability of the samples were studied in dry reforming of CH4.XRD and H2-TPR characterization results showed that the reduced CoMgAl-x samples mainly consisted of solid solution and spinel phases with cobalt particles.The spinel phases contained Co3O4 and Con Mg1-n Al2O4(0≦n≦1)varying with the(Mg+Co)/Al ratio.The effect of (Mg+Co)/Al molar ratio on the catalytic behavior was investigated in detail and CoMgAl-3 exhibited the highest catalytic activity and stability among the catalysts studied.     

激光溅射-分子束法研究镁、铝离子与乙腈分子的气相化学反应

利用激光溅射-分子束技术研究了Mg+、 Al+与乙腈分子的气相团簇反应.根据反射式飞行时间质谱检测的结果发现, Mg+、 Al+与乙腈分子反应形成不同尺寸的团簇离子产物,其中Al+与(CHCN)n的结合数n=1～10,而Mg+与(CHCN)n的结合数n=1～5. Al+(CHCN)n、 Mg+(CHCN)n团簇离子产物的强度分布都存在明显的强度间隙现象. Al+与(CHCN)n进行缔合时,出现了两个强度间隙;而Mg+与(CHCN)n进行缔合时,则只存在一个强度间隙. Al+的第一强度间隙在n=4～5,第二强度间隙在n=6～7;而Mg+的强度间隙在n=2～3.     

CaSiO3∶Pb,Mn荧光粉的ZnO∶Al包覆研究

以Zn(NO3)2•6H2O和AlCl3•6H2O为原料, 借助CO(NH2)2的水解反应, 采用化学均相共沉淀方法和热处理工艺, 在自制CaSiO3∶Pb, Mn红色荧光粉表面包覆ZnO∶Al, 形成透明导电层. 运用数字万用表和自制测量盒对粉体的电阻率进行测量, 比较了包覆率n(Zn)/n(Ca)、n(Al)/n(Zn), 热处理温度和热处理时间对粉体电阻率的影响; 优化出包覆条件和热处理条件: n(Zn)/n(Ca)=10%, n(Al)/n(Zn)=5%, 75 ℃水解1.5 h, 500 ℃热处理45 min. 对包覆样品进行了室温光致荧光(PL)测量, X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析和透射电子显微镜(TEM)形貌观察. 结果显示, 当n(Zn)/n(Ca)=10%时, 在CaSiO3∶Pb, Mn荧光粉表面形成了连续的ZnO∶Al敷膜, 荧光粉的电阻率明显降低, 并且保持了良好的光致发光性质.     

非有机溶剂萃取法分离测定多组分混合样品中铝

多组分混合样品中铝的测定。利用PEG PAN (NH4)2SO4体系,对Al3+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Zn2+混合液进行萃取分离,并用络天青S对Al3+进行定量测定。在pH 5.3 的HOAc NaOAc缓冲溶液中Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Zn2+ 几乎被PEG相完全萃取,Al3+ 几乎不被萃取。实现了对上述混合离子溶液中Al3+ 的定量测定。Al3+ 含量在0~0.40 mg·L-1范围内具有良好的线性关系,回收率在96.8%~103.1%。     

Cu-Ni-Mg-Al-CO_3四元水滑石的合成及结构分析

以Cu(NO3)2 ·3H2 O,Ni(NO3)2 ·6H2 O,Mg(NO3)2 ·6H2 O和Al(NO3)3·9H2 O为原料,以NaOH和Na2 CO3为沉淀剂,采用成核/晶化隔离法合成了Cu Ni Mg Al CO3四元水滑石,通过XRD,FT IR,TG DTA,ICP等手段对样品进行测试和表征,并且对水滑石结构的层板和层间阴离子相互作用进行分析和讨论.结果表明,控制Cu2 +离子与其它二价金属离子的配比,可制备晶体结构规整的M(II)4 M(III)2 (OH)12 CO3·4H2 O型水滑石;Cu2 +离子的引入导致了明显的Jahn Teller效应;且随Mg2 +量的增加,使得这种效应更加显著,另一方面Mg2 +量的增加有利于Cu Ni Mg Al CO3四元水滑石晶体在a方向上生长,增强其热稳定性     

Blue electroluminescence of a novel Zn~(2+)–β-diketone complex with a carbazole moiety

In this letter, a novel zinc complex of Zn(ECTFBD)2 was synthesized by an environment-friendly grinding technique in high yield. Its structure was confirmed by1H NMR, MS and EA. HECTFBD is 1-(9-ethyl-9Hcarbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione. Zn(ECTFBD)2-based light-emitting devices were fabricated. The architecture of the devices was ITO/PEDOT(40 nm)/100 wt% PVK: 40 wt% OXD-7: x wt% Zn(ECTFBD)2(85 nm)/CsF(1.5 nm)/Al(100 nm), where x = 1, 5, and 10(relative to the mass of PVK and OXD-7). The three devices displayed blue emissions with peaks at 450, 458, and 460 nm, respectively. A maximum luminous efficiency of 0.86 cd/A and a luminance of 228 cd/m2were achieved by the 1 wt% doped device. So, we demonstrated further that Zn2+–b-diketone complexes can be effectively severed as a class of new electroluminescent materials. In addition, the thermal stability of Zn(ECTFBD)2 was tested and the UV–vis and photoluminescent behaviors of Zn(ECTFBD)2 in CH2 Cl2 were investigated.     

Layered Double Hydroxides with Hydrotalcite—type Structure Containing Fe^3＋,Al^3＋ and Mg^2＋

IntroductionLayered double hydroxides( LDHs) with hy-drotalcite ( HT ) - type structure are composed oftrivalent and divalent metal ions and have the gen-eral formula[1] ,[M2 + 1-x M3 + x ( OH) 2 ]x+ An-x/ n· m H2 O,where M3 + is a trivalentmental ion,such as Al3 + ,Fe3 + ,La3 + ,Ni3 + ,Mn3 + etc.,M2 + is a divalentmetal ion,such as Mg2 + ,Zn2 + ,Ca2 + ,Cu2 + ,Co2 +etc.,An-is a charge compensating anion,such asOH-,Cl-,NO-3 ,CO2 -3 etc.,m is the number ofthe moles of co- intercalat…     

Particle size control in dendrimer-derived supported ruthenium catalysts

A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigation of a family of supported Ru catalysts prepared from Ru hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-metal nanocomposite (DMN) precursors has been conducted. Ru particle sizes observed following deposition of DMNs on a HRTEM grid can be controlled within a 0.9-1.4 nm range depending on the metal-to-dendrimer molar ratio. The average particle size in this case correlates well with the theoretically predicted particle size from the molar loading of Ru in the dendrimer. Upon impregnation of Ru-DMNs on Al(2)O(3) and subsequent thermal removal of the dendrimer via reduction at 300 degrees C, significant sintering of the Ru particles was observed. Nevertheless, the resulting supported Ru particles maintained a narrow particle size distribution and average particle size below 2.5 nm. These particle sizes no longer correlate with the metal-to-dendrimer molar ratio but do correlate with the metal-to-dendrimer weight ratio, suggesting that the dendrimer may be acting as a "sintering-control" agent on the catalyst surface. This process is not affected by the surface area of the support, since almost identical particle size distributions were obtained on three different commercial supports.     

Studies on the Synthesis and the Structure of Ferric Aluminum Magnesium Hydrotalcite—like Compounds

Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) are composed of trivalent and divalent metal ions, the general formula 1 is: [M2+1-xM3+x(OH)2]x+An-x/n·mH2O M3+ is trivalent metal ions, M2+is divalent metal ions, A is negative ions whose valence is n, and m is the amount of water in the crystal, and x is the molar ratio of trivalent metal ions to all metal ions. A lot of studies have been done on the synthesis and property of HTlc, which is made up of two kinds of the metal ions. It has been found …     

Cation distribution in co-doped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and 27Al solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Co(x)Zn(1-x)Al(2)O(4) (x = 0.01-0.6) nanoparticles were synthesized by the citrate sol-gel method and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to identify the crystalline phase and determine the particle size. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and (27)Al solid-state NMR spectroscopy were used to study the distribution of the cations in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in Co(x)Zn(1-x)Al(2)O(4) nanoparticles as a function of particle size and composition. The results show that all of the as-synthesized samples exhibit spinel-type single phase; the crystallite size of the samples is about 20-50 nm and increases with increasing annealing temperature and decreases with Co-enrichment. Zn(2+) ions are located in large proportions in the tetrahedral sites and in small proportions in the octahedral sites in Co(x)Zn(1-x)Al(2)O(4) nanoparticles. The fraction of octahedral Zn(2+) increases with increasing Co concentration and decreases with increasing particle size. Besides the tetrahedral and octahedral coordinations, the presence of the second octahedrally coordinated Al(3+) ions is observed in the nanoparticles. The change of the inversion parameter (2 times the fraction of Al(3+) ions in tetrahedral sites) with Co concentration and particle size is consistent with that of the Zn fraction in octahedral sites. Analysis of the absorption properties indicates that Co(2+) ions are located in the tetrahedral sites as well as in the octahedral sites in the nanoparticles. The inversion degree of Co(2+) decreases with increasing particle size.     

Improvement of physicochemical properties of N-4472. Part III. VC/N-4472 complex formation and self-association in aqueous solution

To improve the aqueous solubility of a poorly water-soluble drug, N-[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenethyl)-4,6-difluorophenyl]-N'-[4-(N-benzylpiperidyl)]urea (N-4472), organic acid/N-4472 evaporates were prepared by using succinic acid, L-tartaric acid, citric acid and L-ascorbic acid (VC). Among these evaporates, only the VC/N-4472 evaporate at a molar ratio of more than 2 (VC/N-4472) formed stable colloidal particles (with a mean particle size 相似文献   

类水滑石Mg3Al1-xFex负载Ir催化剂在肉桂醛加氢反应中的应用:Fe的促进作用

水滑石类化合物 (LDH) 的层板金属阳离子组成具有可调变性,通过将具有变价特性的过渡金属定量引入 LDH 层板,经热处理后可以得到具有高比表面积和层板金属原子级分散的混合金属氧化物,后者可广泛用作催化剂载体.如三元Mg-Al-Fe 类水滑石材料在光催化、H2S 选择性氧化和乙苯脱氢等反应中表现出较好的活性.Ir 催化剂在α,β-不饱和醛加氢反应中具有较好的活性,Fe 修饰 Ir 催化剂可提高不饱和醇选择性,但有关 Fe 的作用以及 Fe 与活性组分 Ir 间的相互作用本质还不是很清楚.本文以类水滑石材料 Mg3Al1–xFex为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了 Ir 催化剂,并用于肉桂醛加氢反应,通过考察 Fe的加入对 Ir 电子和几何结构的影响揭示了 Fe 的加入对活性和选择性的影响规律.结果表明,当 x 从 0 (Ir/Mg3Al) 增加到 1 (Ir/Mg3Fe) 时,肉桂醛加氢的反应速率在 x = 0.25 时达到最大值,肉桂醇选择性从 44.9% 增加到 80.3%,且不随肉桂醛转化率的增加而改变.透射电镜结果表明,Ir 纳米粒子的粒径随着 x 的增加未发生明显变化,均为 1.7±0.2 nm.H2程序升温还原结果发现 Ir 可以促进 Fe3+的还原且两者之间存在相互作用.X射线光电子能谱结果表明,Fe 的掺杂没有改变催化剂表面Ir0和 Ir4+含量的比值,但当 Fe 含量增加时,Fe2+2p3/2向高结合能方向偏移,且 Ir04f7/2向低结合能方向偏移,说明电子从 Fe2+转移到 Ir,形成了富电子的 Ir 物种和缺电子的 Fe 物种.富电子的 Ir 物种有利于肉桂醛分子中的 C=O 键在其表面吸附,并且和 Ir 相邻的 Fen+物种可以作为亲电位点吸附肉桂醛分子中氧,从而极化和活化 C=O 键,因而催化剂活性和选择性增大.采用吸附 CO 红外光谱表征了催化剂表面的几何结构,2058–2069 cm-1处出现了 CO 吸附峰,归属于 Ir0表面 CO 的线性吸附,高波数 2069 cm-1的吸附峰归属于 CO 在高配位 Ir 位点 (平台) 的吸附,低波数 2058 cm-1的吸附峰归属于 CO 在低配位Ir 位点 (台阶、角、楞) 的吸附.随着 Fe 含量的增加,CO 吸附峰蓝移 11 cm-1,表明 Fe 的加入改变了催化剂表面 Ir 的几何结构,低配位 Ir 位点减少,高配位 Ir 位点增多.高配位 Ir 位点 (平台) 有利于肉桂醛分子中 C=O 键的吸附,从而提高了肉桂醇的选择性.总之,Fe 的加入虽然没有明显改变 Ir 纳米粒子的粒径,但却改变了其电子和几何结构,从而提高了催化剂活性和选择性.     

Particle Size Determination of Trace Elements in Urban Air

Abstract

Airborne urban particulate matter was collected and fractionated according to size by cascade impactors. The elements zinc, cadmium, copper and lead on each size fraction were analyzed by anodic stripping voltammetry. The elements aluminum, iron, manganese, calcium and magnesium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data showed three different classes of particle size distribution for these nine elements. Lead and cadmium belonged to the first class with more than 70 % of the total collected element associated with particles having aerodynamic diameters below 0.5 micron. The calculated average mass median equivalent diameter (MMD) of cadmium and lead was approx. 0.1 micron. In the second class about 60% of the elements Zn, Cu, Mg and Fe was associated with particles smaller than 0.5 micron. The average MMD's for these elements were between 0.3 and 0.4 micron. For the elements Al, Ca and Mn about 50% of the metal was associated with particles smaller than 0.5 micron and the MMD's were between 0.5 and 0.6 micron. Examination of elemental ratios (using Al as a reference element) showed that Pb and Cd were about 1000 times more concentrated in atmospheric particulate matter than in average crustal material and that in general the Pb/Al and Cd/Al ratios are inversely proportional to particle size. The Zn/Al and Cu/Al ratios of atmospheric partides were age or less independent of particle size and approx. 20 times higher than these same ratios in average crustal material. The ratios Fe/Al, Mn/AI, Ca/M and Mg/AI in all sizes of particulate matter were essentially identical to the same ratios in average crustal material.     

Preparation and Characterization of Carbonated Barium Hydroxyapatites

Carbonated barium hydroxyapatite (Ba10(PO4)6(OH)2-2x(CO3)x, X = 0.30-0.57, BaHAP) particles with different Ba/P molar ratios were prepared by a wet method. CO2-3 ions were incorporated into OH- sites of a BaHAP lattice during the preparation at high solution pH. The obtained BaHAP particles were well crystallized and showed a high thermostability. On elevating the mixing temperature of H3PO4 and Ba(OH)2 solutions, the mean particle size of BaHAP particles decreased and their specific surface area increased. The amount of CO2 adsorbed irreversibly on BaHAP particles increased with an increase of their Ba/P molar ratio. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

Cobalt particle size effects in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction studied with carbon nanofiber supported catalysts

The influence of cobalt particle size in the range of 2.6-27 nm on the performance in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has been investigated for the first time using well-defined catalysts based on an inert carbon nanofibers support material. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that cobalt was metallic, even for small particle sizes, after the in situ reduction treatment, which is a prerequisite for catalytic operation and is difficult to achieve using traditional oxidic supports. The turnover frequency (TOF) for CO hydrogenation was independent of cobalt particle size for catalysts with sizes larger than 6 nm (1 bar) or 8 nm (35 bar), while both the selectivity and the activity changed for catalysts with smaller particles. At 35 bar, the TOF decreased from 23 x 10(-3) to 1.4 x 10(-3) s(-1), while the C5+ selectivity decreased from 85 to 51 wt % when the cobalt particle size was reduced from 16 to 2.6 nm. This demonstrates that the minimal required cobalt particle size for Fischer-Tropsch catalysis is larger (6-8 nm) than can be explained by classical structure sensitivity. Other explanations raised in the literature, such as formation of CoO or Co carbide species on small particles during catalytic testing, were not substantiated by experimental evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, we found with EXAFS a decrease of the cobalt coordination number under reaction conditions, which points to reconstruction of the cobalt particles. It is argued that the cobalt particle size effects can be attributed to nonclassical structure sensitivity in combination with CO-induced surface reconstruction. The profound influences of particle size may be important for the design of new Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.