镍硅基催化剂上偏三甲苯的加氢脱烷基反应

分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了一系列Ni/SiO_2催化剂,将其用于催化偏三甲苯(1,2,4-TMB)的加氢脱烷基反应.结果表明,在制备过程中,无水柠檬酸(CA)的加入量对催化剂的结构、表面性质、粒径及催化性能均有较大影响.催化剂表面L酸位上1,2,4-TMB几乎不发生歧化和异构化反应.镍硅体系催化剂上主要副反应为苯环加氢,通过调整还原镍的粒径可有效控制苯环加氢,从而提高了二甲苯(BTX)的选择性.在最佳反应条件下,10Ni/Si-2.0催化剂上1,2,4-TMB的转化率最高为29.4%,BTX的选择性为99.9%.     

非晶态合金催化剂NiB、NiB/TiO2的制备、表征及其环丁烯砜加氢催化活性的研究

分别采用化学还原法和浸渍还原法制备了系列NiB及NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂，用XRD、ICP、SEM、SAED和DSC等技术对催化剂的物性进行了表征，并将其用于环丁烯砜加氢反应，研究了制备条件(镍硼摩尔比、滴加方式和金属离子浓度)对非晶态合金催化剂加氢活性的影响。结果表明，选择镍硼摩尔比为1：2，Ni^2 浓度为0．1mol／L，采用正滴加方式(将KBH4溶液滴加到Ni(NO3)2溶液中)所制得的NiB非晶态合金催化剂环丁烯砜加氢活性优于RaneyNi催化剂，对于NiB／TiO2负载型非晶态合金催化剂，镍的实际负载量达14．5％时，NiB／TiO2与NiB的环丁烯砜加氢催化活性相当。     

镍盐前体对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化加氢活性的影响

用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、程序升温还原、CO化学吸附和微反应测试等方法研究了不同镍盐前体制备的负载型Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构和催化α-蒎烯加氢活性.结果表明,用醋酸镍前体制备的催化剂的催化加氢活性远高于用硝酸镍前体制备的催化剂,并且这种催化加氢活性的差异与不同前体制备的Ni O/γ-Al2O3样品表面Ni2 的分散状态及还原度密切相关.当Ni2 负载量远低于其在γ-Al2O3载体表面上的分散容量时,Ni2 优先嵌入载体表面四面体空位,随着Ni2 负载量的增加,嵌入载体表面八面体空位的Ni2 的比例增大.由于醋酸根阴离子对γ-Al2O3载体表面四面体空位的屏蔽效应大于硝酸根阴离子,在醋酸镍前体制备的Ni O/γ-Al2O3样品表面,Ni2 倾向于嵌入载体表面八面体空位且易被还原为金属态Ni0,故用醋酸镍前体制备的Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化α-蒎烯加氢活性高于用硝酸镍前体制备的催化剂.     

Sm2O3对Ni/海泡石催化剂的改性研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列的Ni-Sm/海泡石催化剂，以二氧化碳甲烷化为探针反应，TPR，XPS及CS2中毒为手段，研究了Sm2O3对Ni/海泡石催化剂的改性机制。结果表明，Sm2O3的加入提高了Ni/海泡石催化剂的加氢活性和抗毒能力，增加了表面镍原子的分散度及催化剂的活性原子数；Sm2O3的影响既有电子效应，又有几何效应，但以电子效应为主。     

非负载Ni(Co)-Mo-Al_2O_3纳米催化剂的制备及其生物油模型化合物加氢脱氧性能研究

采用热沉淀法制备了纳米级(粒径在15~30nm)非负载Ni(Co)-Mo-Al2O3催化剂,并用BET、XRD、SEM、TEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征;并以乙酸为探针分子,在连续流动固定床反应器上评价了催化剂的加氢脱氧活性,考察了Ni、Co活性组分、焙烧温度对催化剂的晶态结构及催化性能的影响.结果表明:在考察的反应条件下,Ni、Co活性组分加入后,使Mo-Al2O3催化剂的活性明显提高;而且Ni-Mo-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱氧活性明显高于Co-Mo-Al2O3催化剂的活性;焙烧温度由500℃升高到550℃时,催化剂的比表面积增大,晶化度提高,催化剂的活性提高.     

助剂对Ni/SiO_2催化剂微观结构及二硝基甲苯催化加氢性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型Ni/SiO2催化剂,研究了Ce、Zr、La、Co和Fe助剂对催化剂微观结构及其催化二硝基甲苯(DNT,C6H3CH3(NO2)2)加氢制备甲苯二胺(TDA,C6H3CH3(NH2)2)性能的影响。通过XRD,BET,H2-TPD、H2-TPR和XPS技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,助剂的引入促进了Ni物种在载体表面的分散,减小了Ni晶粒的尺寸,使得NiO晶粒更易还原。添加La、Fe和Zr助剂增加了有效的Ni活性中心数,有利于催化活性的提高,其中,添加La助剂制备的催化剂催化性能最优,DNT转化率和TDA选择性分别为98.1%和99.1%。但Co和Ce助剂的加入降低了化学氢吸附量,使得有效的Ni活性中心数降低,降低了催化剂的催化活性。     

Ni/MWCNT及镧改性Ni/MWCNT催化CO2甲烷化反应的性能

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为载体, 通过浸渍法制备了负载型镍催化剂和稀土镧改性的镍催化剂, 并对其二氧化碳甲烷化的催化性能进行了研究. 借助比表面积测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段研究了稀土镧的添加对Ni/MWCNT催化剂结构和表面组成、催化剂还原性能以及CO₂甲烷化反应性能的影响. 结果表明: 稀土镧改性的Ni/MWCNT较Ni/MWCNT催化剂具有更好的CO₂甲烷化活性, 镧组分的加入提高了催化剂表面的镍物种浓度和分散度, 弱化了氧化镍与载体MWCNT之间的相互作用, 促进了氧化镍的还原, 同时提高了表面镍物种的电子密度, 增加了对反应物的吸附能力, 从而提高了其CO₂甲烷化活性. 制备过程中稀土镧的添加次序对催化性能有较明显的影响, 其活性顺序为先浸渍镧后浸渍镍制备的催化剂活性明显好于先浸渍镍后浸渍镧制备的催化剂.     

镍负载量对邻氯硝基苯加氢制邻氯苯胺Ni/TiO2催化剂性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同镍负载量的负载型Ni/TiO2催化剂,并将其应用于邻氯硝基苯加氢制邻氯苯胺的反应. 采用N2吸附、 X射线衍射、程序升温还原、透射电镜、 H2化学吸附及间歇加压釜式反应器活性评价等方法,考察了镍负载量对Ni/TiO2催化剂的物化性质及邻氯硝基苯加氢反应性能的影响. 结果表明,随着镍负载量的增加, Ni/TiO2催化剂上邻氯硝基苯的转化率逐渐提高; 当镍负载量超过30%时,催化剂的活性和选择性不再明显变化. 当催化剂中镍负载量高于20%时,在温度343 K、 氢压1.0 MPa和催化剂/邻氯硝基苯质量比1/10的条件下反应210 min后,邻氯硝基苯的转化率和邻氯苯胺的选择性均高于99%, 催化剂具有良好的应用前景. 分析表明,影响Ni/TiO2催化剂性能的主要因素为催化剂表面镍晶粒的活性表面积以及载体TiO2与金属镍之间的强相互作用.     

二硝基甲苯低压加氢Ni-La-B非晶态合金催化剂的制备及结构表征

用化学还原法制备了Ni-La-B非晶态合金催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、差热分析、X射线光电子能谱、电感耦合等离子光谱和H2程序升温脱附技术对催化剂进行了表征,研究了La含量对催化剂微观结构及其催化二硝基甲苯(DNT)加氢制二氨基甲苯(DAT)性能的影响.结果表明,随着助剂La含量的增加,Ni-La-B催化剂中非晶态结构的长程无序程度增大,催化剂平均粒径逐渐由70nm左右减小至10nm左右,分布更加均匀;同时降低了Ni吸附H2的强度,使H2吸附物种更易于在催化剂表面流动并参与反应.另外,La助剂还显著提高了催化剂的热稳定性和抗氧化性.在二硝基甲苯加氢反应中,催化剂性能随着La加入量提高至6%(摩尔分数)时,1MPa低压条件下DNT转化率和DAT选择性均达100%.当La加入量为8%时,催化剂的Ni活性中心数明显减少,其活性下降.     

1,2-二氯丙烷加氢脱氯制丙烯Ni/活化炭化树脂催化剂

镍催化剂;1;2-二氯丙烷加氢脱氯制丙烯Ni/活化炭化树脂催化剂     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.