锗烯与乙烯环加成反应的理论研究

用RHF/6-31G^*解析梯度方法研究了单重态锗烯与乙烯环加成反应的机理,用二级微扰方法对各构型的能量进行了相关能校正,并用统计热力学方法和过渡态理论计算了该反应在不同温度下的热力学函数的变化和动力学性质。结果表明,此反应历程由两步组成:1)锗烯与乙烯生成了一中间配合物,是一无势垒的放热反应,2)中间配合物异构化为产物锗杂环丙烷,此步势垒经零点能校正后为26.9kJ.mol^-^1(MP2/6-31G^*//6-31G^*);从热力学和动力学的综合角度考虑,该反应在200-300K温度下进行为宜,如此,反应既有较大的自发趋势和平衡常数,又具有较快的反应速率。     

锗烯与甲醛环加成反应的理论研究

用从头算方法研究了单重态锗烯与甲醛环加成反应的机理,找到了反应的中间配合物和过渡态,并讨论了反应机理.在从头算的基础上,用统计热力学方法和过渡态理论计算了该反应在不同温度下的热力学函数的变化和动力学性质.结果表明,此反应由两步组成:(1)锗烯与甲醛反应生成了一中间配合物,是一无势垒的放热反应;(2)中间配合物异构化得到产物锗杂环氧甲烷,此步势垒经零点能校正后只有69.6kJ/mol(MP2/3-21G//3-21G).从热力学和动力学角度综合考虑,该反应在400～500K温度下进行为宜,此时,反应既有较大的自发趋势和平衡常数,又具有较快的反应速率.     

二氯硅烯与乙烯和甲醛环加成反应机理的理论研究

用RHF/6-31G^*解析梯度方法研究了单重态二氯硅烯与乙烯和甲醛环加成反应的机理,并用二级微扰方法对各构型能量进行了相关能校正.结果表明,两反应历程均由两步组成:(1)二氯硅烯与乙烯和甲醛分别生成了中间配合物,是无势垒的放热反应;(2)中间配合物异构化成产物二氯硅杂环丙烷和二氯硅杂环氧甲烷,其势垒经零点能校正分别为97.43和103.29kJ/mol(MP₂/6-31G^*//6-31G^*).     

环丙基硅烯的理论研究: 环丙基硅烯C3H5SiH的重排反应及其机理

本文用限制的Hartree-Fock解析梯度方法在3-21G和6-31G^*水平上对环丙基硅烯的重排反应及其机理进行了从头算研究。以6-31G^*优化构型作了二级微扰计算, 并计算了各构型的频率。在此基础上得到了重排反应的热焓△H, 自由能△G和平衡常数K, 用Eyring过渡态理论计算了反应的速度常数k(T), 应用Woodward-Hoffmann规则讨论了环丙基硅烯重排反应过程中端基的旋转机理。结果表明, 环丙基硅烯经过113.4kJ/mol的势垒扩环重排为硅杂环丁烯为自发反应; 而其1,2-氢迁移重排反应热垒为190.0kJ/mol, 是非自发反应, 难于进行,不能与扩环重排相竞争。另外, 扩环重排反应可分为多步过程, 每步的端基旋转均可用Woodward-Hoffmann规则说明。     

硝酸甲与硝酸乙酯的结构、振动频率和热力学性质的密度函数 理论(DFT)研究

用密度函数理论(DFT)的BLYP和B3LYP方法,取6-31G,6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*六种基组,对硝酸甲酯和硝酸乙酯的几何构型和红外振动频率进行了计算研究.结果表明,B3LYP方法在采用极化基组(6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*)时计算得到的结果均较好,适用于硝酸酯类化合物的研究.而BLYP方法无论采用何种基组均不适用;运用校正后的B3LYP/6-31G^*频率(校正因子0.975)计算得到的热力学性质(C^o~p,H^o和S^o)与实验结果较吻合。     

硝酸甲与硝酸乙酯的结构、振动频率和热力学性质的密度函数 理论(DFT)研究

用密度函数理论(DFT)的BLYP和B3LYP方法,取6-31G,6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*六种基组,对硝酸甲酯和硝酸乙酯的几何构型和红外振动频率进行了计算研究.结果表明,B3LYP方法在采用极化基组(6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*)时计算得到的结果均较好,适用于硝酸酯类化合物的研究.而BLYP方法无论采用何种基组均不适用;运用校正后的B3LYP/6-31G^*频率(校正因子0.975)计算得到的热力学性质(C^o~p,H^o和S^o)与实验结果较吻合。     

硅烯与乙烯环加成反应的理论研究

用从头计算方法研究了单重态硅烯与乙烯的环加成反应，得到了此反应可行的反应机理．并用统计热力学方法和过渡态理论计算了该反应的热力学函数和动力学性质．     

不饱和类硅烯H2C=SiNaF的DFT研究

用密度泛函理论方法, 在B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p)水平上研究了不饱和类硅烯H2C=SiNaF的结构. 结果表明, 不饱和类硅烯H2C=SiNaF共有四种平衡构型, 其中非平面的p-配合物型构型能量最低, 是不饱和类硅烯H2C=SiNaF存在的主要构型. 对平衡构型间异构化反应的过渡态进行了计算, 求得了转化势垒. 计算预言了最稳定构型的振动频率和红外强度.     

CCl2与CH2O插入反应机理及热力学与动力学特性的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G*和高级电子相关耦合簇[CCSD(T)/6-311G*]方法计算研究了CCl₂与CH₂O的插入反应机理, 全参数优化了反应势能面各驻点的几何构型, 用内禀反应坐标(IRC)和频率分析方法, 对过渡态进行了验证. 研究结果表明: 反应(1)是单重态二氯卡宾与甲醛插入反应的主反应通道. 该反应由两步组成: (i)两反应物首先经一无能垒的放热反应, 放出9.73 kJ•mol^－1的热量, 生成一中间体IM1, (ii)中间体IM1经一过渡态TS1, 发生H的转移, 生成产物P1, 其势垒为47.32 kJ•mol^－1. 用RRKM-TST理论计算了300～1900 K温度范围内反应(1)的压力效应. 用经Wigner校正的Eyring过渡态理论研究了不同温度下该反应的热力学和动力学性质. 从热力学和动力学角度综合分析, 在高压限101325 Pa下, 该反应进行的适宜温度范围为400～1800 K, 如此, 反应既有较大的自发趋势和平衡常数, 又具有较快的反应速率.     

二氨基二硝基乙烯结构和性质的理论研究

对三种二氨基二硝基乙烯同分异构体进行了HF/6-31G^*^*水平、DFT-B3LYP/6-31G^*^*水平的几何全优化以及MP2/6-31G^*^*//HF-6-31G^*^*水平的总能量计算。结果表明,1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(Ⅰ)总能量比顺式(Ⅱ)和反式(Ⅲ)1,2-二氨基-1,2-二硝基乙烯的总能量低,即热力学稳定性次序为Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ。分子的共轭性和分子内氢键的强度次序为Ⅰ≈Ⅲ>Ⅱ,前沿轨道能级差次序为Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ,也均表明(Ⅰ)最稳定。此外还计算研究了标题物的红外光谱;化合物Ⅰ的理论计算与实验值良好相符。在此基础上计算研究了标题物的热力学性质。     

亚烷基卡宾与甲醛环加成反应机理的理论研究

用二阶微扰理论研究了单重态亚烷基卡宾与甲醛发生的三种环加成反应的机理 ，采用MP2/6－31G~*方法计算了势能面上各驻点的构型参数、振动频率和能量。根 据能量数据可以预言环加成反应（1）的a途径将是单重态亚烷基卡宾与甲醛环加成 反应的主要反应通道，该反应由两步组成：（I）亚烷基卡宾与甲醛生成了一富能 中间体（INT1a），是一无势垒的放热反应，（II）中间体异构化为产物亚烷基环 乙烷，其势垒为24.1 kJ·mol~(-1)(MP2/6-31G~*)。     

二氟硅烯与甲醛环加成反应机理的理论研究

The mechanism of the cycloadditohn reaction of singlet difluorosilylene with formaldehyde have been studied by RHF/6-311G* gradient method. The electron correlation energy corrections of energies for all the structures were computed using second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory(MP2). The results show that this reaction proceeds via two steps:1)Difluorosilylene and formaldehyde form an intermediate complex, it is an exothermal reaction with no barrier.2) The intermediate complex isomerizes to form the product, after being corrected by zero-point energies, the barrier is 127.28 kJ•mol-1 (MP2/6-311G* 6-311G*).     

Theoretical studies of mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between germylidene and formaldehyde

Mechanism of the cycloadditional reaction between singlet germylidene (R1) and formaldehyde (R2) has been investigated with MP2/6‐31G* method, including geometry optimization, and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The energies of the different conformations are calculated by CCSD(T)//MP2/6‐31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the dominant reaction pathway of the cycloadditional reaction between singlet germylidene and formaldehyde is reaction (4) , which consists of three steps: the two reactants (R1, R2) first form an intermediate INT1b through a barrier‐free exothermic reaction of 28.1 kJ/mol; this intermediate reacts further with formaldehyde (R2) to give an intermediate INT4, which is also a barrier‐free exothermic reaction of 37.2 kJ/mol; subsequently, the intermediate INT4 isomerizes to a heteropolycyclic germanic compound P4 via a transition state TS4, for which the barrier is 18.6 kJ/mol. The dominant reaction has an excellent selectivity and differs considerably from its competitive reactions in thermodynamic property and reaction rate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008     

GeX2(X=F,Cl)与甲醛环加成反应机理的理论研究

The mechanisms of the cycloaddition reaction of singlet GeX2(X=F,Cl) with formaldehyde was studied employing the HF/6-311+G theory. The electron-correlation corrections have been further considered by the fourth-order Muller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP4SDTQ/6-311+G). The results show that this reaction proceeds in two steps: ① Difluorogemylene and formaldehyde form an intermediate complex, which is a barrierless exothermal reaction; ② the intermediate complex isomerizes to form the product, which is a rate-control step in the whole reaction. In the second step, the calculated barrier heights are 216.7 and 196.4 kJ/mol before and after considering electron-correlation effects. Compared with that of the cycloaddition reaction of difluorosilylene with formaldehyde, the cycloaddition reaction of difluorogemylene with formaldehyde is relatively slow, whereas the cycloaddition reaction of dichlorogemylene with formaldehyde can be comparable in speed.     

C60与硅烯环加成反应机理的理论研究

用半经验AM1法研究了C₆₀与单态硅烯环加成反应机理.经Berny梯度法优化得到反应的过渡态,并进行了振动分析确认.计算结果表明:硅烯在C₆₀的66键上的加成反应分两步,第一步反应物生成中间配合物,无势垒;第二步由中间配合物经过渡态变为产物.65键上的加成反应分三步,第一步由反应物生成中间配合物,第二步由中间配合物经过渡态I得到闭环结构的中间体,第三步由中间体经过渡态Ⅱ形成产物.66键加成反应的活化势垒较低,从反应机理和动力学角度解释了66键加成优于65键加成的原因.     

Theoretical study of mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet dichlorosilylene carbene (Cl<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si=C:) and formaldehyde

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dichlorosilylene carbene (Cl₂Si=C:) and formaldehyde has been investigated with MP2/6-31G* method, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The energies of the different conformations are calculated by Zero-point energy and CCSD (T)//MP2/6-31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The first dominant reaction pathway consists of two steps: (1) the two reactants (R1, R2) firstly form a four-membered ring intermediate (INT4) through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 387.9 kJ/mol; (2) intermediate (INT4) then isomerizes to H-transfer product (P4.2) via a transition state (TS4.2) with energy barrier of 4.7 kJ/mol. The second dominant reaction pathway as follows: on the basis of intermediate (INT4) created between R1 and R2, intermediate (INT4) further reacts with formaldehyde (R2) to form the intermediate (INT5) through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 158.3 kJ/mol. Then, intermediate (INT5) isomerizes to a silicic bis-heterocyclic product (P5) via a transition state (TS5), for which the barrier is 40.1 kJ/mol.     

Theoretical study of mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between dimethyl‐silylene carbene [(CH3)2SiC:] and formaldehyde

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dimethyl‐silylene carbene and formaldehyde has been investigated with MP2/6‐31G* method, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The energies of the different conformations are calculated by zero‐point energy and CCSD (T)//MP2/6‐31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The main products of first dominant reaction pathway are a planar four‐membered ring product (P4) and its H‐transfer product (P4.2). The main product of second dominant reaction pathway is a silicic bis‐heterocyclic compound (P5). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

Ab initio study on the mechanism of forming a silapolycyclic compound between silylidene and formaldehyde

The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of forming a silapolycyclic compound between singlet silylidene and formaldehyde has been investigated with MP2/6-31G* method, including geometry optimization and vibrational analysis for the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface. The energies of the different conformations are calculated by CCSD(T)//MP2/6-31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the cycloaddition reaction process of forming the silapolycyclic compound (P₂) for this reaction consists of four steps: (I) the two reactants first form a semi-cyclic intermediate INT1a through a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 32.5 kJ mol⁻¹; (II) this intermediate then isomerizes to an active four-membered ring intermediate INT1 via a transition state TS1a with an energy barrier of 30.8 kJ mol⁻¹; (III) INT1 further reacts with formaldehyde to form an intermediate INT2, which is also a barrier-free exothermic reaction of 30.1 kJ mol⁻¹; (IV) INT2 isomerizes to a silapolycyclic compound P₂ via a transition state TS2 with a barrier of 50.6 kJ mol⁻¹. Comparing this reaction path with other competitive reaction paths, we can see that this cycloaddition reaction has an excellent selectivity.