β-蒎烯氧化反应研究进展

综述了松节油中β-蒎烯的氧化反应的研究进展。目前研究的氧化方法有高锰酸钾氧化、环氧化、四醋酸铅氧化、臭氧氧化、光敏氧化和二氧化硒氧化等。通过各种氧化方法,β-蒎烯可用于合成诺蒎酸、诺蒎酮、2,l0-环氧蒎烷、水芹醛、紫苏醇、紫苏醛、紫苏葶、桃金娘烯醇等。     

紫苏葶的合成

紫苏葶 (1 ,8-对　二烯 - 7-肟 ) (1 )是一种高甜度 (是蔗糖的 2 0 0 0倍 )、低热值的新型食品添加剂 [1 ] ,NMR确证其为反式结构 [2 ] .关于紫苏葶的化学合成 ,文献报道过以 5 -甲基 - 3-己烯 - 2 -酮或取代苯酚为原料的全合成法[3,4] 和以松节油中α-蒎烯为原料的半合成法[5,6] .全合成法原料难得 ,反应步骤多 ,总产率低 ;以α-蒎烯为原料的半合成法反应步骤短 ,产率较好 ,但α-蒎烯氧化成桃金娘烯醇的反应中使用剧毒的二氧化硒作氧化剂 ,且桃金娘烯醇异构成紫苏醇的反应需在高温 (430℃ )、真空 (0 .6 7～ 0 .9k Pa)下进行 ,不适于工业…     

蒙古蒿精油化学成分的研究Ⅰ.

本文报道用毛细管气相色谱法及毛细管色谱-质谱-计算机体系对蒙古蒿精油化学成分进行分离和鉴定.30个单萜和含氧单萜化合物为2-甲基丁烯-[2]、甲叉环戊烷、7,7-二甲基-3-次甲基-双环(3,1,1)庚烷、α-(艹守)烯、α-蒎烯、莰烯、1-辛烯辛醇-3、β-(艹守)烯、β-蒎烯、α-菲兰烯、冰片烯、对甲基异丙基苯、松油烯醇-[1]、蒿属酮、γ-松油烯、β-松油醇、3,7,7-三甲基-双环(3,1,1)-2-庚醇、α-松油烯、马鞭烯酮、里哪醇、异(艹守)酮、(艹守)酮、樟脑、异胡薄荷酮、异龙脑、松油烯醇-[4]、α-松油醇、香桃木烯醇、反香芹烯醇和顺香芹烯醇.     

新型桃金娘烯醛基双酰胺-噻二唑化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

以α-蒎烯为起始原料,经氧化制得桃金娘烯酸（3）;脂肪族二酸在POCl₃作用下与氨基硫脲经脱水环合制得脂肪族双噻二唑（4a~4h）; 4a~4h分别与3经脱水反应合成了8个新型的桃金娘烯醛基双酰胺噻二唑化合物（5a~5h）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和ESI-MS表征。抗真菌活性测试结果表明,在用药量为50 μg·mL^-1时,5a~5h对黄瓜枯萎病菌、花生褐斑病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、番茄早疫病菌和小麦赤霉病菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中桃金娘烯醛-辛二酸基双酰胺-噻二唑(5f)对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率为60.3%,桃金娘烯醛-丁二酸基双酰胺-噻二唑(5b)和桃金娘烯醛-癸二酸基双酰胺-噻二唑(5h)对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率分别为52.8%和54.4%。     

头花杜鹃挥发油化学成分的研究

应用分馏、硅胶柱层析和含硝酸银的氧化铝柱层析,从头花杜鹃发油中分得24个化合物,经紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱及气相色谱的测定,其中20个化合物被鉴定为:d-α-蒎烯(1),dl-JB-蒎烯(2),香叶烯(3),顺式-α-罗勒烯(4),β-古芸烯(5),δ-杜松烯(6),γ-芹子烯(7),α-芹子烯(8),χ-芹子烯(9),反式β-法呢烯(10),α-葎草烯(11),(一)-16α-贝壳杉醇(12),醋酸冰片酯(13),α-萜品醇-4(14),α-萜品醇(15),反式松油醇(16),里哪醇(17),前异水昌蒲二醇(18),环氧薇草烯-Ⅱ(19)和桧脑(20). 化合物4,5,11～17和19是首次从杜鹃属植物中分到.     

联苯在β-蒎烯光氧化中的电子中继

β-蒎烯的长时间单重态氧光氧化导致复杂的产物分布。二氰基蒽(DCA)敏化的电子转移光氧化使桃金娘烯醇的产率略有改善, 但是, 添加联苯作共敏化剂使产率几乎翻了一番。在向DCA的竞争性单电子转移中, 联苯超过了β-蒎烯。MNDO计算证实其原因是联苯的HOMO较高。联苯正离子游离基从β-蒎烯回收一个电子, 再生联苯和生成β-蒎烯正离子游离基, 它再与经基态氧与(DCA)^-之间电子转移而生成的超氧负离子(O^-~2)复合。     

Pd／C催化松节油异构反应过程分析

松节油是经松脂蒸馏分离出的中性油,其主要组分是α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯(C10H16)双环单萜烯[1].蒎烯可以开环异构为柠烯、莰烯单环萜烯.     

萜类化合物为手性源合成拒食剂研究进展

总结了近年来国内外一些萜类化合物如环柠檬醛、香芹酮、香茅醇、紫苏醇、蒈烯、苎烯和环香叶醇等作为手性源在立体选择性合成拒食剂方面的新进展，并且对合成方法进行了简单介绍。最后对萜类化合物在合成拒食剂方面的应用进行了展望。     

钠灯下α-蒎烯光敏氧化反应中区域选择性的催化调控

发展了一种简单有效的α-蒎烯光敏催化氧化方法,该方法以高压钠灯为绿色光源,内循环氧气作为氧化剂和搅拌气,自制水浴式光化学反应器.考察了催化剂种类和反应条件对α-蒎烯转化率和产物选择性的影响.结果表明,α-蒎烯可通过催化一步生成单萜醇、醛和酮,且通过催化剂的酸碱协同作用可调节产物的区域选择性.当以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶...     

α—蒎烯,β—蒎烯,苎烯阳离子聚合的研究

比较了萜烯单体α－蒎烯、β－蒎烯、苎烯的阳离子聚合性能，还考察了三种单体的活性聚合可能性。在Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸ＡｌＣｌ３作用下，聚合速率大小顺序为：β－蒎烯的聚合产物分子量较高。ＡｌＣｌ３与ＳｂＣｌ３复合后，α－蒎烯、苎烯的聚合速率增加，β－蒎烯的聚合速率反而下降。α－蒎烯的聚合速率增加幅度大于苎烯，使得前者聚合速率高于后者。与使用ＡｌＣｌ３相比，添加ＳｂＣｌ３后产物的分子量变化是：α－蒎烯变大，苎烯不     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.