基于L/D-赖氨酸盐酸盐和光活化AIE分子共组装实现圆偏振发光及动态调控

近年来, 基于分子组装产生圆偏振发光(CPL)的有机手性材料得到了迅猛的发展. 然而, 目前有机材料体系的CPL信号整体仍然较弱, 且缺乏精准的调控手段. 为此, 本工作以具有光活性的聚集诱导荧光增强(AIE)性质的多硫苯基化合物(M-1)为荧光染料, 以手性氨基酸L/D-赖氨酸盐酸盐(L/D-Lys)为手性模板, 通过分子间氢键作用, 在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)/H₂O的混合溶剂中形成超分子L/D-Lys@M-1共组装体. 共组装体在不良溶剂水的溶剂作用下诱导产生CPL, 且在紫外光激发下具有自聚集效应, 产生持续增强的荧光发射和圆二色(CD)信号. 通过荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和动态光散射(DLS)对组装体在光激发下的结构和光物理性质进行表征, 利用CD光谱以及CPL光谱等对基态和激发态手性性质进行研究. 结果表明, 在溶剂诱导和光激发下实现了L/D-Lys@M-1组装体的手性传递和放大, 且不对称因子(|g_lum|)达到了0.3×10^-2. 该研究策略为非手性的荧光分子构建CPL体系及动态调控提供了策略.     

一种新型温度响应性聚氨基酸/聚类肽嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以正己胺为引发剂, 通过γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸羧酸酐(PLG-NCA)和N-正辛基甘氨酸羧酸酐(Oct-NNCA)逐步开环聚合和后修饰策略合成了分子量分布较窄的温度响应性两嵌段共聚物寡聚乙二醇单元修饰的聚(γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸)-b-聚(N-正辛基甘氨酸)[(PPLG-g-EG₃)-b-PNOG]. 通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了不同比例聚合物的结晶行为; 利用圆二色谱法(CD)研究了聚合物的二级结构, 并研究了聚合物在水溶液中的自组装行为, 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了组装后的形貌. 结果表明, 该温度响应性聚合物在室温下呈现α-螺旋结构, 随着温度升高, α-螺旋的构象减少. 该聚合物可以在水溶液中自发组装成棒状结构.     

基于手性配体交换反应立体选择性萃取分离氧氟沙星对映体

基于配体交换反应,研究了氧氟沙星对映体在含有Cu²⁺和N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸手性配体(L)两相体系中的分配平衡.在不同pH条件下,考察了Cu²⁺在含有N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸两相中的分布;研究了pH,Cu²⁺浓度,手性配体浓度等因素对氧氟沙星对映体在两相中的分配系数(K)和分离因子(α)的影响.实验结果表明,N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸对R-氧氟沙星对映体萃取能力大于对S-对映体的萃取能力;pH对K和α的影响很大,在pH值小于3.5时,L₂Cu二元配合物的生成在热力学上看是不适宜的,萃取时pH宜大于3.5;手性配体和Cu²⁺摩尔比为2:1,K和α最佳;使用2×1中空纤维膜对氧氟沙星对映体进行萃取分离,出口水相氧氟沙星对映体浓度比值(S/R)约为1.72.     

芳香取代基结构对螺旋聚乙炔高效液相色谱手性固定相手性识别性能的影响

设计合成了3种源于脯氨酸的手性乙炔基单体——(S)-2-乙炔基-N-芳香胺基甲酰基吡咯烷. 在氯化降冰片二烯铑二聚体{[Rh(nbd)Cl]₂}-三乙胺催化下, 3种单体被转化为相应的光学活性螺旋聚合物. 用高效液相色谱评估了3种聚合物作为手性固定相(CSPs)对9种底物的手性识别性能. 以正己烷/异丙醇(体积比9∶1)为流动相时, 3种聚合物对3对种氢键给体分子苯偶姻(α=1.35~1.44)、 三氟-1-(9-蒽基)乙醇(α=1.11~1.53)、 2,2′-二羟基-1,1′-联萘(α=1.09~1.11)及乙酰丙酮钴(α=1.84~2.38)表现出很好的手性识别能力; 当以正己烷为流动相时, 3种聚合物都能立体选择性地识别氢键给体分子2,2-二甲基-1-苯基-1-丙醇(α=1.12~1.22), 聚[(S)-2-乙炔基-N-(2′-萘基胺基甲酰基)吡咯烷]能识别氢键受体分子2-苯基环己酮(α=1.11). 结合核磁共振波谱、 拉曼光谱、 旋光测试、 紫外吸收光谱和圆二色光谱及液相色谱等方法, 系统研究了芳香侧基结构与连接位置对聚合物螺旋构象和对映体选择性拆分能力的影响. 分子对接模拟结果表明, 1-萘基的空间位阻大于2-萘基且可促进形成更强的分子内氢键, 不利于大尺寸底物(如联萘酚)的手性拆分. 与苯基相比, 引入萘基有利于增强聚合物与底物间的π-π相互作用, 提高聚合物的立体选择性和手性识别能力.     

以谷氨酸二乙酯为头基的Bola型两亲分子在气液界面的组装:手性相互作用与膜结构

研究了双头基两亲分子(Bolaamphiphile)N,N′-1,14-十四烷二酸酰-L-谷氨酸二乙酯(L-HDGE)和它的对映异构体D-HDGE在气液界面的组装;考察了HDGE分子的界面组装结构以及头部基团的手性,膜压和离子液体亚相对组装结构的影响.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对组装体的微观结构和组装机理进行了研究.结果表明,HDGE(L-HDGE或D-HDGE)在水亚相上可以组装得到平行排列,宽为50-120nm,高为1-5nm的纳米线.而将L-HDGE与D-HDGE混合组装时,只会得到疏松的薄膜结构.红外光谱表明HDGE分子的异手性相互作用强于同手性作用.在表面压继续上升时,纳米线可以发生一定聚集生成纳米带.亚相为一定浓度的离子液体时,会促进分子的聚集,在膜压的共同影响下,纳米带可以卷曲形成螺旋结构,螺旋的方向取决于头基的分子手性.     

含噻二唑基硫脲类化合物的合成

以噻二唑-2-氨甲基酚(1)为原料, 与异硫氰酸苯酯反应, 以中等到良好的产率得到噻二唑基N-苯基取代硫脲类化合物(3a~3i); 而化合物1与活性较高的N,N-二甲胺基硫代甲酰氯反应, 则可以得到—NH和—OH同时反应的含有N,N-二甲基硫脲和N,N-二甲基硫代氨基甲酸芳酯官能团的产物. 利用核磁共振、 红外光谱以及高分辨质谱等手段对产物结构进行了表征.     

基于半刚性乳酸衍生物的单一手性配位聚合物的合成、 结构与性质

在溶剂热反应条件下, 用预先合成的乳酸衍生物(R)-H₂CBA和(S)-H₂CBA分别与含氮辅助配体(E)-1,2-二(4-吡啶基)乙烯(DPEE)和1,4-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)苯(1,4-DIB)组合, 制备出2对不同结构的单一手性配位聚合物[Cd₂((R)-CBA)₂(DPEE)(H₂O)₂]_n(1-D), [Cd₂((S)- CBA)₂(DPEE)(H₂O)₂]_n(1-L), [Cd((R)-CBA)(1,4-DIB)]·H₂O(2-D)和[Cd((S)-CBA)(1,4-DIB)]·H₂O(2-L). 其中1-D和1-L是由梯形Cd-CBA链和DPEE配体连接成的二维框架结构; 而2-D和2-L是三维超分子框架结构, 包含3种不同类型的对映手性螺旋链. 对上述化合物进行了粉末X射线衍射、 热重分析和圆二色谱分析, 并对其荧光性质进行了讨论.     

手性温敏凝胶 P(NIPAM-co-NALL)的制备及识别性能

以L-亮氨酸(L-Leu)为手性源, 经酯化和缩合等步骤制备手性单体(NALL), 以该单体为手性识别基团, 在交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和引发剂偶氮二异丁腈的作用下, 与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)以不同的质量比发生自由基共聚, 制备了一系列新型手性温敏水凝胶P(NIPAM-co-NALL), 其结构经红外光谱确证. 相比于PNIPAM水凝胶, 疏水性单体NALL的引入使 P(NIPAM-co-NALL)凝胶的温敏性下降. 以D, L-苯丙氨酸为模型药物对P(NIPAM-co-NALL)凝胶的手性识别和拆分性能进行研究, 结果表明, 手性温敏凝胶对D型对映体具有选择吸附性, 且吸附量随着手性单体含量的增加而增加; 提高温度(40 ℃)有利于手性温敏凝胶对D, L-苯丙氨酸的手性识别和拆分. P(NIPAM-co-NALL)凝胶在重复使用后依然具有手性识别性能, 但其吸附量随着使用次数的增加而下降, 3次重复使用后吸附量下降到原来的27.6%.     

薤中新的甾体皂苷类化学成分

从薤(Allium chinense G. Don)的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个新甾体皂苷类化合物, 通过波谱数据及理化性质分析, 鉴定其分别为5α-cholano-22,16-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1)、 6-酮-5α-cholano-22,16-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、 (25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3)、 (25R)-6-酮-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,22α,26-三醇-3-O-α-L-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、 (25R)-6-酮-5α-呋喃甾烷-3β,22α,24β,26-四醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)和(25R)-5α-呋甾-2α,3β,22α, 26-四醇-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6). 化合物1和2的皂苷元骨架在天然产物中首次分离得到. 选用H₂O₂诱导PC12细胞神经氧化损伤模型, 初步考察了6种新的呋甾型化合物的抗氧化活性, 实验结果表明, 化合物3对由H₂O₂诱导的细胞氧化损伤有显著的保护效果.     

用于手性识别α-氨基酸的方酰胺荧光探针分子

以天然氨基酸为手性原料合成了4种新型的手性方酰胺荧光探针分子(5~8), 该合成路线简短, 后处理简单, 无需柱层析纯化. 以荧光光谱为检测手段, 测试了此类探针分子对苯丙氨酸、 缬氨酸和脯氨酸的手性识别效果, 结果表明, 探针分子5可以有效识别苯丙氨酸的2个对映异构体. 当加入L-苯丙氨酸后, 探针分子5的荧光强度显著增强, 而加入D-苯丙氨酸后探针分子5的荧光强度显著减弱, 2种异构体的荧光强度比(I_L/I_D)可达2.4.     

Self-assembled spiral nanoarchitecture and supramolecular chirality in Langmuir-Blodgett films of an achiral amphiphilic barbituric acid

An amphiphilic barbituric acid derivative was found to form stable monolayers showing a clear phase transition at the air/water interface. It is interesting to find that the deposited Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the compound showed circular dichroism (CD) although the molecule itself was achiral. AFM measurements on the transferred one-layer LB film revealed that spiral nanoarchitectures were formed. It was further found that the supramolecular chirality of the LB films was related to symmetry breaking at the interface. Hydrogen bonding and the pi-pi stacking between the neighboring molecules resulted in chiral fibers which formed the spiral structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chirality of the molecular assemblies and spiral nanostructures formed through the air/water interface by achiral molecules.     

Regulation of supramolecular chirality and morphology of the LB film of achiral barbituric acid by amphiphilic matrix molecules

Previously, we have found that an achiral barbituric acid (BA) derivative, 5-(4-(N-methyl-N-hexadecylaminobenzylidene))-2,4,6-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinetrione (BAC16), could form molecular assemblies showing supramolecular chirality through the organization at the air/water interface. To acquire more knowledge of the formation mechanism of such supramolecular assemblies, some achiral molecules, such as stearic acid (SA), octadecylamine (ODA), and an analogue of BA without an alkyl chain, were mixed into the BAC16 system. The effects of these matrix molecules on the supramolecular chirality and surface morphologies of Lanmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were investigated. It was observed that, at a low molar ratio of the matrix molecules (below 10%), the chirality of the BAC16 assemblies could be maintained with only a reduction in the intensity. When the matrix fraction was increased, the supramolecular chirality of the mixed films disappeared. The addition of the matrix molecules can greatly change the surface morphologies of the mixed films. When SA was mixed with BAC16, the spiral nanofibers of BAC16 were changed to long nanofibers. When ODA was mixed, the hydrolytic cleavage reaction of BAC16 took place at the air/water interface and disordered spirals were obtained. When the analogous BA derivate without an alkyl chain was mixed, the phase-separating morphology was observed. These changes in the chirality and surface morphologies indicated firmly that the supramolecular chirality of BAC16 films were formed due to the cooperative arrangement of the molecules. A certain amount of matrix molecules will destroy the cooperative arrangement and thus the chirality.     

Langmuir-Blodgett films and chiroptical switch of an azobenzene-containing dendron regulated by the in situ host-guest reaction at the air/water interface

An amphiphilic dendron containing an azobenzene ring at the focal point and the l-glutamate peripheral groups was designed. Its monolayer formation and host-guest reaction with cyclodextrins at the air/water interface and the properties of the transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were investigated. The individual dendron, although without any long alkyl chains, could still form a stable monolayer at the air/water interface because of the good balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts within the molecule. When cyclodextrin (CyD) was added to the subphase, a host-guest reaction occurred in situ at the air/water interface. The inclusion of the focal azobenzene moiety into the cavity of cyclodextrin decreased the packing of the aromatic ring and also led to the diminishment of the molecular area. Both the films formed at the surface of pure water and aqueous cyclodextrins were transferred onto solid substrates. Nanofiber structures were obtained for the film from the water surface as a result of the packing of the azobenzene groups, and circular domains were obtained for the film transferred from the aqueous CyD phases. The film transferred from the water surface showed an exciton couplet in the absorption band of azobenzene, whereas a negative Cotton effect was obtained for the film from CyD subphases. It was found that the supramolecular chirality in the LB film transferred from water was due to the transfer of the molecular chirality to the assemblies whereas that from the CyD subphase was due to the inclusion of azobenzene into the chiral cavity. Interestingly, the film from the water surface was photoinactive, whereas a reversible optical and chiroptical switch could be obtained for the film from the α-CyD subphase. The work provided a way to regulate the assembly and functions of organized molecular films by taking advantage of the interfacial host-guest reaction.     

Handedness inversion of chiral amphiphilic molecular assemblies evidenced by supramolecular chiral imprinting in mesoporous silica assemblies

Antipodal twisted helical ribbons with lamellar bilayer structure were obtained by self-assembly of chiral amphiphilic molecules in water and water/ethanol. The handedness inversion of the molecular arrangement in these antipodal helical ribbons was investigated by using chiroptical spectroscopy and molecular probes in their antipodal mesoporous silica assemblies synthesized through pairing interaction between the head group of the chiral amphiphilic molecules and a co-structure-directing agent. The supramolecular chirality is imprinted in the pore surface through the organic group of the co-structure-directing agent. The mirror-image diffuse-reflectance circular dichroism spectra of the conjugated discotic probing molecule introduced into their supramolecular chiral imprinted mesoporous silica demonstrated the origin of inverse chirality from the antipodal helical stacking of the molecules.     

Supramolecular chirality of the hydrogen-bonded complex Langmuir-Blodgett film of achiral barbituric acid and melamine

Complex monolayers of barbituric acid and melamine were formed by spreading a chloroform solution of amphiphilic barbituric acid on the subphase of melamine solution. It was confirmed that the complex monolayer was formed through in situ complementary hydrogen bonding at the air-water interface. It was interesting to find that the complex LB films showed supramolecular chirality although both of the molecules were achiral, as verified by the circular dichroism spectral measurements. It was suggested that the pi-pi stacking of the neighboring barbituric acid and melamine group in a helical sense resulted in the chirality of the molecular assemblies. Due to the directionality of the hydrogen bonding, the BA-M film could form regular aligned nanofibers on the AFM images. Increasing the subphase temperature will lead to the decrease of CD intensity and the change of the morphologies. We suggested that the strength of the hydrogen bonding resulted in the difference.     

柔性间隔基对于香豆素取代二乙炔LB膜聚合及手性形成的影响

设计合成了2种香豆素取代二乙炔单体,7-(10,12-二十三双炔酰氧基)-香豆素(CODA)和7-(10,12-二十三双炔酰氧乙氧基)-香豆素(CO2DA),研究了柔性间隔基对香豆素取代二乙炔单体在气-液界面的组装、单体LB膜的聚合以及聚二乙炔主链螺旋结构形成的影响.利用Langmui-Blodgett(LB)技术,以纯水为亚相,膜压在35 mN/m时沉积制备了香豆素取代二乙炔单体LB膜.尽管CODA是非手性的,但其LB膜均表现出明显的宏观手性信号.这是由于在压缩过程中香豆素基团间强烈的π-π堆积,形成了螺旋排列,显示出超分子手性.而CO2DA LB膜无明显CD信号.经254 nm紫外光辐照,CODA LB膜聚合成蓝相,聚二乙炔主链表现出明显的宏观手性.而CO2DA LB膜聚合后无明显的CD信号.薄膜中香豆素功能基团的不规则排列不利于二乙炔单体的固态聚合以及聚二乙炔主链螺旋结构的形成.     

Interfacial assembly of cinnamoyl-terminated bolaamphiphiles through the air/water interface: headgroup-dependent assembly, supramolecular nanotube and photochemical sewing

A series of cinnamoyl-terminated bolaamphiphiles were synthesized and their assemblies at the air/water interface were investigated. It was found that the assembly behaviour depended on the substituted groups on the cinnamoyl unit. The bolaamphiphile with 4-hydroxycinnamoyl head groups (HCDA) was found to assemble into a supramolecular nanotube, while the others formed only layer-structured films. Moreover, the nanotube formed from HCDA showed supramolecular chirality due to the symmetry breaking. Both the layered films and the nanotubes showed photochemical dimerization upon UV irradiation, which were studied from the UV-Vis, FT-IR spectral and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Interestingly, such dimerization behavior of the cinnamoyl group could be used to stabilize the nanotube of HCDAvia photochemical sewing. During such a process both the supramolecular chirality and the tubular shapes were kept. Remarkably, such a photochemical sewed chiral nanotube could further induce the chirality of an achiral porphyrin derivative assembled on it, and produced the induced chirality without using any chiral molecules.     

介孔二氧化硅对映选择性吸附的手性印迹调控

使用手性阴离子表面活性剂作为超分子模板, 采用共结构导向法制备手性介孔二氧化硅(CMS), 并运用圆二色谱(CD)对CMS对映选择性吸附结果进行检测, 比较了有无共结构导向剂(CSDA)在介孔表面的排列对吸附选择性的影响. 结果表明, 当使用构型相反的手性超分子模板剂对原合成CMS材料的介孔内表面进行修饰时, 可诱导结构共导向剂N?三甲氧基硅基丙基?N, N, N?三甲基氯化铵(TMAPS)发生手性相反的排列进而导致完全相反的对映选择性吸附. 实验证明此方法合成的CMS的对映选择性吸附及分离能力主要是由修饰在介孔表面的TMAPS螺旋排列形成的手性印迹所导致. 此手性超分子模板诱导TMAPS手性印迹的策略具有一定的普适性, 可对原合成介孔材料对映选择性吸附进行原位调控, 对于拓展其在立体选择性识别、 不对称催化及药物输送等方面的应用具有一定的指导意义.     

高分子LB膜

概述了高分子Langmuir-Blogett膜,并依其成膜方式分别介绍了可聚合LB膜、聚合物的LB膜及其它几种LB膜。     

Fabrication and properties of fullerodendron thin films

Thin films of fullerodendron (C(60)(Gn-COOMe) (n = 0.5, 1.5, 2.5)), which was synthesized from fullerene and anthracenyl poly(amido amine) dendron with methyl ester terminals and different generations (G), were fabricated by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and adsorption techniques. It was characterized by X-ray reflectometry that the LB films possessed well-ordered structure, although the adsorption method led to random orientation of molecules. As to C(60)(G0.5-COOMe) and C(60)(G1.5-COOMe), the LB films took a four-layer structure consisting of a double layer of molecules, and fullerene moieties exist in the interior of the LB films. On the other hand, C(60)(G2.5-COOMe) led to a two-layer structure in which the fullerene moieties were at the air side and the dendron moieties were at the substrate side. With increasing generation of dendron, the monolayer formation ability at the air/water interface as amphiphilic molecule strengthens and the amphiphilic property becomes superior to the fullerene-fullerene attractive interaction that prevents the monolayer formation. Furthermore, in the case of C(60)(G0.5-COOMe) and C(60)(G1.5-COOMe), the reduction peak in cyclic voltammetry of the LB film remained even after UV light irradiation. On the contrary, the peak of the C(60)(G2.5-COOMe) LB film disappeared, indicating that molecular arrangement in the films affects electrochemical properties.