STSE理念及其与中学化学教学的整合

STSE理念已成为世界各国科学教育改革的潮流和热点。探讨如何将STSE的教育思想渗透到我国初中化学教学中去,让学生真正懂得人类如何和自然和谐相处,有着重要的理论价值和实际意义。通过对STSE教育相关内容的剖析,对STSE理念及其与中学化学教学的整合作了初步探讨。     

化学学科“知识”、“思想”和“方法”三线合一的教学设计

化学学科教学的深层价值在于引领学生形成从化学的视角去认识物质世界和解决问题的思想方法.知识、思想和方法“三线合一”的教学设计,基于课程标准、教材及学生基础的分析,将知识的逻辑顺序和学科思想发展线索以及方法线索有机融合在一起,通过创设情境素材,设计驱动性问题,促进学生在积极的思维活动和认知参与中主动构建知识、形成学科思想和方法.     

初中化学“氧化物的复习”教学实录及反思

实录了1堂"氧化物的复习"的课堂教学过程。以氧化物知识复习为主线,将游戏的元素和方法融入教学情境,从元素观、转化观和分类观的视角去认识和剖析氧化物及其转化规律,体现了物质研究的一般方法,呈现了1堂学科观念教学的具体课例,凸显了元素化合物知识复习的基本流程和思想方法。     

"知识为线一方法为纲":基于化学基本原理的探究教学新探

课堂中有关化学基本原理的内容通常不易开展探究教学.在"化学反应速率影响因素的探究"课题的教学设计与实践过程中,采用"知识为线-方法为纲"的设计思路,以化学反应速率影响因素的相关知识为线索承载科学探究方法,将课堂中探究教学的焦点从化学知识延伸至科学方法,较好地凸显了科学探究方法教育.在此基础上,进一步挖掘科学探究方法的化...     

课程思政背景下促进科学探究意识的“糖类化合物”混合式教学实践

介绍了医学及相关专业的有机化学课程中“糖类化合物”章节线上线下混合式教学实践。在教育信息技术全面渗透进高校课堂的背景下,在“课程思政”课程观指导下,将课程思政元素与教学内容有机融合,运用多元化的教学方法,在知识学习过程中注重促进学生科学探究意识的提升。探索促进学生深入领会知识内涵,体会知识所演绎的科学思维和精神价值,促进科学素养和社会责任意识养成的教学实践。     

针对非高分子专业学生进行高分子化学课程综合教学模式的探索与实践

由于受到新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的影响,教师无法顺利开展2020春季学期线下教学活动。为了更好地落实教育部提出的"停课不停教、停课不停学"的要求,确保教学质量,特别是针对化学专业(非高分子专业)的100多名本科生的教学,吉林大学化学学院高分子教学团队利用吉林大学在线学堂作为线上教学平台,后期配合线下教学课堂,同时辅助采用以课堂教学为切入点的课程思政体系建设,成功地开展了高分子化学课程在线教学的探索和实践。本课程根据化学专业本科生的教学基础和特点,以培养学生对于高分子学科的研究兴趣,而非直接灌输学生大量的概念、公式让学生死记硬背为理念,实现思想政治教育与知识体系教育的有机统一。通过在线和线下教学形式的组合有效地重组了教学资源,优化了教学过程,特别是思政元素与线上及线下课堂教学各环节的融合,有力地保证了新冠疫情防控期间教学进度的顺利完成与教学质量的提升。     

EPD项目在中学化学教育中渗透的必要性及实施策略探究

本文探讨了EPD教育在中学化学教育中渗透实施的必要性及实施的基本策略:以确立可持续发展为化学教育的道德归诫和价值准则而更新观念;以融合多元文化价值、贯彻源头战略、体现原子经济的绿色化学理念整合内容;以科学-技术-社会-环境(STSE)理念引导学生做综合决策;以开展研究型课程、拓展型课程、绿色实验、运用现代媒体而创新手段等。结合本校具体操作对联合国EPD项目在中学化学教育中进行实施的途径做一些初步的探讨。     

新旧鲁科版高中化学必修教材中STSE教育内容研究

《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》强调STSE教育理念。为更深入地了解鲁科版高中化学必修教材中的STSE教育内容的特点,以鲁科版高中化学必修新、旧教材为研究对象,比较2个版本教材栏目STSE内容呈现的特点和异同,以加强对学生进行STSE教育、培养科学态度与社会责任为目的,提出教师使用教材的建议。     

“生命活动的物质基础”复习课教学与反思

利用"营养快线"饮料建构了"生命活动的物质基础"复习课,让学生体验食品中的化学,再到生活中的化学,最后到自然界中的化学,感悟化学是无处不在的。同时,在复习课教学中,利用化学实验手段、化学思维方式和化学符号向学生展示了化学学科特色,渗透了"化学观"教育,培养了学生的学科素养,在收获知识的同时提升能力。     

肥料相关化学教学资源的开发与利用

结合课标,从肥料的组成分类、化工生产、作用机制、简单鉴别、环境影响等方面,对相关素材进行了解构与统整。教学实践中,应遵循知识的螺旋式进阶路径,完善学生的认知结构和思维范式;要藉以生活中的科学探究,培养学生的实践能力和创新精神;宜依托社会性科学议题的讨论,提升学生的STSE素养,从而全方位展示化学学科的真、善、美。     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

Size evolution study of "molecular" and "atom-in-cluster" polarizabilities of medium-size gold clusters

A study on static polarizabilities for a family of gold clusters (Au(n), n = 6, 12, 20, 34, 54) is presented. For each cluster, a density functional theory perturbation theory calculation was performed to compute the cluster polarizability and the polarizability of each atom in the cluster using Bader's "quantum theory of atoms in molecules" formalism. The cluster polarizability tensor, α(cluster), is expressed as a sum of the atom-in-molecule tensors, α(cluster)=∑(Ω)α(Ω). A strong quadratic correlation (R(2) = 0.98) in the isotropic polarizability of atoms in the cluster and their distance to the cluster center of mass was observed. The cluster polarizabilities are in agreement with previous calculations.     

Fabrication of "roll-off" and "sticky" superhydrophobic cellulose surfaces via plasma processing

Most of the artificial superhydrophobic surfaces that have been fabricated to date are not biodegradable, renewable, or mechanically flexible and are often expensive, which limits their potential applications. In contrast, cellulose, a biodegradable, renewable, flexible, inexpensive, biopolymer which is abundantly present in nature, satisfies all the above requirements, but it is not superhydrophobic. Superhydrophobicity on cellulose paper was obtained by domain-selective etching of amorphous portions of the cellulose in an oxygen plasma and subsequently coating the etched surface with a thin fluorocarbon film deposited via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using pentafluoroethane as a precursor. Variation of plasma treatment yielded two types of superhydrophobicity : "roll-off" (contact angle (CA), 166.7 degrees +/- 0.9 degrees ; CA hysteresis, 3.4 degrees +/- 0.1 degrees ) and "sticky" (CA, 144.8 degrees +/- 5.7 degrees ; CA hysteresis, 79.1 degrees +/- 15.8 degrees ) near superhydrophobicity. The nanometer scale roughness obtained by delineating the internal roughness of each fiber and the micrometer scale roughness which is inherent to a cellulose paper surface are robust when compared to roughened structures created by traditional polymer grafting, nanoparticle deposition, or other artificial means.     

Switching "on" and "off" the expression of chirality in peptide rotaxanes

The hydrogen-bond-directed synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and optical properties of the first chiral peptide rotaxanes are reported. Collectively these systems provide the first examples of single molecular species where the expression of chirality in the form of a circular dichroism (CD) response can selectively be switched "on" or "off", and its magnitude altered, through controlling the interactions between mechanically interlocked submolecular components. The switching is achievable both thermally and through changes in the nature of the environment. Peptido[2]rotaxanes consisting of an intrinsically achiral benzylic amide macrocycle locked onto various chiral dipeptide (Gly-L-Ala, Gly-L-Leu, Gly-L-Met, Gly-L-Phe, and Gly-L-Pro) threads exhibit strong (10-20k deg cm(2) dmol(-1)) negative induced CD (theta;) values in nonpolar solvents (e.g. CHCl(3)), where the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between thread and macrocycle is maximized. In polar solvents (e.g., MeOH), where the intercomponent hydrogen bonding is weakened, or switched off completely, the elliptical polarization falls close to zero in some cases and can even be switched to large positive values in others. Importantly, the mechanism of generating the switchable CD response in the chiral peptide rotaxanes is also determined: a combination of semiempirical calculations and geometrical modeling using the continuous chirality measure (CCM) shows that the chirality is transmitted from the amino acid asymmetric center on the thread via the macrocycle to the C-terminal stopper of the rotaxane. This understanding could have important implications for other areas where chiral transmission from one chemical entity to another underpins a physical or chemical response, such as the seeding of supertwisted nematic liquid crystalline phases or asymmetric synthesis.     

信息技术与“教学评”一体化深度融合的教学实践*——以“有机合成”为例

以建构有机合成中的顺推法和逆合成分析法思维模型为载体,通过设置驱动任务,将信息技术和“教学评”一体化深度融合,促进学生结构观、发展观和转化观的形成,理解有机化学的社会价值,培养学生的宏微结合、变化观念、科学态度和社会责任等化学学科核心素养。