壳聚糖－戊二醛的量子化学从头算

采用量子化学从头算方法研究了壳聚糖-戊二醛交联膜的稳定结构,研究了壳聚糖和戊二醛通过氨醛缩合形成阳离子膜的几何构型、键能、键序和电子迁移,讨论了膜的成键形式和稳定性．     

壳聚糖交联膜结构及性能的研究

壳聚糖是一种天然生物高分子聚合物，是甲壳素脱乙酰化产物，具有很好的成膜特性．用一种金属离子把壳聚糖分子中的螫合基团络合保护后，用戊二醛交联，并在酸性条件下将该金属离子洗脱，得到了螯合基团依然保留的壳聚糖交联膜．对壳聚糖交联膜的结构及性能进行了研究．结果表明：金属离子有效地保护了壳聚糖分子上的络合基因，该膜的性能较好，对阴离子的选择透过性比较好，并将其应用于元素的分离．     

三偏磷酸钠交联壳聚糖膜的制备及其性能研究

将充分溶胀的壳聚糖膜置于一定浓度的三偏磷酸钠溶液中进行交联反应制备出交联壳聚糖膜。用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了其结构,并测试了其吸水率、力学性能和酶降解性能。研究结果表明,交联作用明显提高了膜的抗张强度和抗水性,并有效地降低了溶菌酶对其降解速率。该交联膜有望用作可控降解生物医用材料。     

交联壳聚糖膜的制备及其性能的研究

用环氧氯丙烷成功地制备出交联壳聚糖膜。用FTIR,XRD和SEM方法表征其结构,并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,壳聚糖在低温下只有氨基参与交联反应,反应温度高于40℃时,羟基才发生反应;环氧氯丙烷的交联作用显着提高了壳聚糖膜的抗张强度,并有效地降低了溶菌酶对其降解速率;该交联膜有望用作可控降解的生物医用材料。     

壳聚糖—戊二醛的量子化学从头算

采用量子化学从头算方法研究了壳聚糖－戊二醛交联膜的稳定结构,研究了壳聚糖和戊二醛通过氨醛缩合形成阳离子膜的几何构型、键能、键序和电子迁移,讨论了膜的成键形式和稳定性。     

凝胶渗透色谱法研究壳聚糖生物材料酶降解过程的均匀性

壳聚糖是一种重要的生物医用材料,脱乙酰度是影响其生物降解性能的重要因素。运用凝胶渗透色谱研究了脱乙酰 度及相对分子质量分布相似、而聚合单元N-乙酰氨基-D-葡萄糖和D-氨基葡萄糖分布不同的两种壳聚糖材料在溶菌酶作用 下的降解过程,分析检测了壳聚糖材料在降解过程中的重均相对分子质量、相对分子质量多分散性和相对分子质量分布 的变化。发现聚合单元为随机分布的壳聚糖样品,其降解是均匀的;而聚合单元为段状分布的壳聚糖样品,其降解是非 均匀的;表明其聚合单元的分布方式决定壳聚糖材料酶降解过程的均匀性。     

壳聚糖/生发药物缓释膜的制备及性能

报道了壳聚糖生发药物缓释膜的制备、性能。确定了壳聚糖溶液成膜的最佳条件 ,用 3 5× 1 0 -5mol L壳聚糖溶液、0 2mol L的乙醇和少量甘油 ,制备的壳聚糖膜抗拉强度为 5 3 5 0 8N m。用UV分光光度法测定了生发药物缓释膜在水中的释放速率 ,对膜的缓释机理进行了初步探讨     

不同交联剂含量对戊二醛交联壳聚糖膜结构与性 能影响的研究

仔细研究壳聚糖膜的结晶度、溶胀度及其对二价铜离子的吸附量与交联剂戊二醛含量(特别是在戊二醛含量较低时)的关系。结果发现膜的结晶度、溶胀度以及对铜离子的吸附量均在戊二醛摩尔分数为0.25%时达到极大值。结晶度的增大可归结于轻度交联能使壳聚糖分子链在成膜时排列更为有序;而溶胀度和对铜离子吸附量的增加则可认为是交联能使壳聚糖中原先被氢键作用所束缚的氨基获得了自由。     

壳聚糖修饰纳米纤维膜表面对氧化还原酶行为的影响

采用静电纺丝法制备了丙烯腈/丙烯酸共聚物(PANCAA)纳米纤维膜, 研究了纺丝液浓度对纤维形态的影响, 以扫描电子显微镜观察纤维形貌, 遴选得到最佳纺丝条件. 以1-乙基-3-(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺/N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)为偶联剂, 在纤维膜表面引入壳聚糖修饰层, 采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR/FTTIR)、水接触角和称重法考察了修饰前后膜的变化. 通过戊二醛将过氧化氢酶固定到壳聚糖修饰的PANCAA纳米纤维膜上, 研究了壳聚糖及戊二醛浓度对固定化过氧化氢酶的影响, 结果表明, 在壳聚糖浓度为25 mg/mL及戊二醛质量分数为5%条件下, 壳聚糖修饰膜的固定化酶活性比空白膜提高了41.7%, 稳定性也得到了不同程度的提高.     

三偏磷酸钠交联壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备及其性能研究

将充分溶胀的壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜置于一定浓度的三偏磷酸钠溶液中进行交联反应制备出交联壳聚糖膜。用红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了膜的结构,并测试了其吸水率、力学性能、酶降解性能。结果表明,交联作用明显提高了膜的抗张强度和抗水性,并有效地降低了溶菌酶对其降解速率。     

Modification of mechanical and thermal property of chitosan–starch blend films

Chitosan–starch blend films (thickness 0.2 mm) of different composition were prepared by casting and their mechanical properties were studied. To improve the properties of chitosan–starch films, glycerol and mustard oil of different composition were used. Chitosan–starch films, incorporated with glycerol and mustard oil, were further modified with monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) using gamma radiation. The modified films showed improvement in both tensile strength and elongation at break than the pure chitosan–starch films. Water uptake of the films reduced significantly than the pure chitosan–starch film. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the modified films experience less thermal degradation than the pure films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR were used to investigate the morphology and molecular interaction of the blend film, respectively.     

壳聚糖固定化总状毛霉MR137-3蛋白酶的性质

以壳聚糖为载体，戊二醛作交联剂，将总状毛霉MR137—3蛋白酶固定在壳聚糖上。研究了戊二醛浓度，给酶量，处理时间对MR137—3蛋白酶固定化的影响。同时对固定化酶与游离酶的热稳定性、最适pH、最适温度以及脲、有机溶剂、金属离子的影响等理化性质进行了探讨。     

壳聚糖固定化碱性脂肪酶的研究

以蟹壳为原料提取壳聚糖,用戊二醛作交联剂,将碱性脂肪酶固定于壳聚糖上。同时探讨了一定量干壳聚糖载体与交联剂浓度、给酶量等关系的最适固定化酶条件,并对固定化酶的热稳定性、操作稳定性、米氏常数、最适温度、离子强度的影响以及使用半衰期等理化性质进行探讨。     

Swelling and Reswelling Characteristics of Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Hydrogel Film

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), hydrogel was prepared by using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. The blend semi-synthetic hydrogel film, consisting of PVA and chitosan, was prepared from a solvent-casting technique and characterized for their intermolecular interactions using infrared method. The swelling and reswelling behaviors, as well as mechanical properties of the synthetic and semi-synthetic gels were examined by weighing and tensile testing, respectively. Cross-linking the two types of polymer with glutaraldehyde produces a film with lower crystallinity and smaller swelling and reswelling degrees, but having improved mechanical properties. Also, the two types of films show a pH-dependent swelling characteristic. It was found that, the reswelling properties of synthetic hydrogels can be improved by blending PVA with certain ratio of natural polymer. This blending film, can be improve sandy soil properties for cultivation, such as, controlled release of water.     

Surface properties of chitosan composites with poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-vinylpyrrolidone) and montmorillonite

Surface properties of composites containing chitosan (Ch) with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and montmorillonite (MMT) additives were investigated by contact angle measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tensile tests. Composites were obtained by drop casting suspensions of montmorillonite (1 wt % relative to chitosan) and polymer (1 wt %) in 0.1 mol/dm³ acetic acid. Contact angle measurements for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of the chitosan films, PVP and their composite films were made; surface free energies were also calculated. It was found that the PVP/MMT or Ch/PVP/MMT blend surface is enriched with a high surface energy component, i.e., polyvinylpyrrolidone. The roughness of chitosan composites increases after the addition of montmorillonite; this may indicate an increase in the heterogeneity of this composition in comparison to other compositions. The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly increases upon the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Young modulus depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly.     

pH-sensitive chitosan films for baker's yeast immobilization

Dried baker’s yeast cells were immobilized on a chitosan film, which is a natural polymer. Prepared chitosan films were treated with glutaraldehyde to facilitate the immobilization of the cells. The effects of the amount of glutaraldehyde, incubation time, pH, and temperature on immobilization were investigated. The amount of glutaraldehyde was chosen to be 0.01% (weight). The highest amount of yeast immobilization was obtained with 5 h incubation. It was determined that optimum temperature for immobilization is 25°C, and the optimum pH for immobilization is 6. Immobilized cells were allowed to stand for 3 d in distilled water and buffer solution (pH 6) to investigate the desorption, but no desorption was found. The maximum immobilization capacities were found to be 90 μg protein cm⁻² film in optimum conditions.     

Preparation and properties of water‐soluble chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol blend films as potential bone tissue engineering matrix

The blend film was prepared by casting solutions of water‐soluble hydroxyethyacryl‐chitosan (HEA‐CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cross‐linked by glutaraldehyde. The structure and properties of the blend films were estimated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WXRD), contact angle measurements with water, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile properties of the blend films were investigated and the tensile strength (TS) and the elongation increased with the increased amount of PVA. The thermal stability (thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG)) was evaluated and HEA‐CS was more thermally‐stable than that of PVA. The water swelling properties analysis indicated that HEA‐CS in the blends promoted the water absorption owing to its porous structure and the antimicrobial ability of the blend films was retained. Indirect cytotoxicity assessment of the blend films with human bone sarcoma cell (SW1353) indicated that the biomaterials were non‐toxic and did not release substances harmful to living cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Films based on chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for skin drug delivery: Development and characterization

Novel chitosan based polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) were developed and optimized in order to obtain films possessing the optimal functional properties (flexibility, resistance, water vapour transmission rate and bioadhesion) to be applied on skin. The development was based on the combination of chitosan and two polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymers with different crosslinkers and crosslinking densities. The interaction between the polymers was maximized controlling the pH, and by forming the films at a pH value close to the pK_a of the respective components as identified by potentiometric and turbidimetric titrations. The action of glycerol, PEG200, Hydrovance and trehalose upon the functional properties of the films was also evaluated. Glycerol was found to improve the film properties in terms of flexibility, resistance and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) with a maximum effect at 30%. The application of a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) significantly improved bioadhesion with a negligible influence in the resistance and flexibility of the films.The optimized film, including adhesive, has shown very good properties for application in the skin and represents a very promising formulation for further incorporation of drugs for topical and transdermal administration.     

pH and ionic sensitive chitosan/carboxymethyl chitosan IPN complex films for the controlled release of coenzyme A

pH and ionic sensitive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) complex films based on chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-CS) were prepared by using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. Its structure was characterized by FT-IR, which indicated that the IPN was formed. The films were studied by swelling, weight loss with time, and release of coenzyme A (CoA). It was found that the IPN films were sensitive to pH and ionic strength of the medium. The cumulative release rate of CoA decreased with CoA loading content, ionic strength or crosslinking agent increasing. The composition of the IPN films and pH of release medium also had significant effect on the release of CoA. The differences in the rates and amounts of released CoA may be attributed to the swelling behavior, the degradation of films, and interaction between drug molecule and polymer matrix. These results suggested CS/CM-CS IPN films could be used as drug delivery carrier.     

海藻酸-壳聚糖-海藻酸离子取代凝胶改性研究

羧甲基壳聚糖;微胶囊;海藻酸-壳聚糖-海藻酸离子取代凝胶改性研究