超声提取-高温燃烧吸收-离子色谱法测定纺织品中可吸附有机卤化物北大核心CSCD

建立了一种对纺织品中可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的超声提取-高温燃烧吸收-离子色谱定量检测分析新方法。该方法采用超声方式提取纺织品中的AOX,提取液加入活性炭进行振荡吸附,并用酸性硝酸钠溶液对无机卤化物进行去除。采用程序升温的氧化燃烧方式对吸附AOX的活性炭进行裂解、燃烧及气化,其产生的卤化氢等气体随载气进入吸收液并完全转化为无机卤素阴离子,采用离子色谱分离测定,外标法定量。实验优化了超声提取时间、活性炭用量、燃烧气及其流量、燃烧升温程序、吸收液和吸收方式等前处理条件,并对离子色谱的仪器分析条件如色谱柱、柱温及淋洗液流速等进行优化。结果表明,氟、氯、溴、碘4种卤素离子的标准溶液在0.02~10 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数(R^(2))均在0.999以上;AOX测定的方法定量限为0.10~0.50 mg/kg。以棉、毛和涤纶3种不同种类的阴性纺织样品作为样品基质,选取典型的有机卤化物进行加标,在低、中、高3个加标水平下测得AOX的平均回收率为82.3%~98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为2.0%~5.7%,表明方法具有良好的回收率和精密度。将该方法应用于实际纺织样品的测定,检出了不同含量的AOX,且重复性好。研究建立的方法通过采用活性炭的振荡吸附、程序升温的高温氧化燃烧方式和多孔吸收瓶的二级吸收方法,提高了AOX转化为无机卤素的回收率;同时利用离子色谱仪器选择性好、灵敏度高的特点成功地一次性分离检测4种AOX,且无杂质离子的干扰。该方法简单、准确、可靠,满足国内外法规和标准对纺织品中AOX的限量要求,适用于纺织品中AOX的分析测定。     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定电子产品中卤素

采用氧弹燃烧法对试样进行燃烧,然后用水作为吸收液进行吸收,提出了离子色谱法分离测定电子产品中卤素含量的方法。以Metrosep A Supp 4型阴离子分析柱为离子交换柱,以1.8mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.7mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。3种卤素离子氟离子、氯离子和溴离子的方法检出限(3S/N)依次为4.0,5.6,20.5μg·L~(-1)。该方法已用于电子产品中卤素的测定。     

高温燃烧-离子色谱测定导电胶中氯和溴

采用高温燃烧吸收仪与离子色谱仪联用技术，建立了测定导电胶中卤素含量的方法。优化的实验条件为：燃烧炉温度为800℃，样品质量为0.1 g，以0.05 mol/L氢氧化钠为吸收液，0.02 mol/L氢氧化钾为淋洗液，采用抑制型电导检测器检测。氯、溴离子质量浓度在1～50 mg/L范围内与对应色谱峰面积线性关系良好，氯离子的线性相关系数r=0.999 7，检出限为5.4 mg/kg，加标的平均回收率为101.2%；溴离子线性相关系数r=0.999 7，检出限为8.6 mg/kg，加标的平均回收率为100.2%。与传统氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法相比，该法无需对样品进行固化处理，进样方便、快捷，可用于导电胶样品中卤素含量的测定。     

高温裂解-离子色谱法测定煤中卤素的含量

建立高温裂解-离子色谱联用技术检测煤中卤素含量的方法。煤样30.0~40.0 mg在350 mL·min~(-1)富氧条件下经1 100℃高温裂解处理后,含卤素组分转化成气体形式被20 mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液5 mL吸收后,采用离子色谱电导检测器和IonPac AS18柱测定吸收液中氟、氯和溴的含量,采用离子色谱安培检测器和Ionpac AS11-HC柱测定吸收液中碘离子的含量。结果表明,氟、氯、溴和碘的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为3.03,2.47,0.80,8.85 mg·kg~(-1)。精密度试验结果显示测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)均小于5.0%。按标准加入法对煤样进行回收试验,回收率在83.6%~105%之间。     

高温裂解-离子色谱法测定煤中卤素的含量北大核心CSCD

建立高温裂解-离子色谱联用技术检测煤中卤素含量的方法。煤样30.0~40.0 mg在350 mL·min^(-1)富氧条件下经1 100℃高温裂解处理后,含卤素组分转化成气体形式被20 mmol·L^(-1)氢氧化钠溶液5 mL吸收后,采用离子色谱电导检测器和IonPac AS18柱测定吸收液中氟、氯和溴的含量,采用离子色谱安培检测器和Ionpac AS11-HC柱测定吸收液中碘离子的含量。结果表明,氟、氯、溴和碘的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为3.03,2.47,0.80,8.85 mg·kg^(-1)。精密度试验结果显示测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)均小于5.0%。按标准加入法对煤样进行回收试验,回收率在83.6%~105%之间。     

有机化合物中碳、氢、氯、硫的综合测定

1910年普利格尔(Pregl)发明了有机化合物中元素的定量分析的方法。他使样品与氧化剂在高温下燃烧,吸收、称量产生的水及二氧化碳,从而求得碳、氢的含量。后来 M.柯尔苏(Коршун)改进了这个方法,他不用氧化剂,使样品单独在石英管中通氧燃烧,可以加快燃烧时间;而且除开碳、氢之外还可同时分析样品中的卤素或硫。同时分析碳、氢、卤素(或硫)的方法是在燃烧管外连接一个装有银丝或银网的石英套管,将这套管加热至450°,可全部吸收卤化物。若要吸收硫化物则需加热至750°。柯尔苏的空管法有它的优点,但对于同时测定几种元素来说,则仍旧不够完善。因为:(1)石英的卤素、硫吸收管经多次加热将呈     

钙掺杂对La2-xCaxCe2O7-δ性能影响研究

利用高温固相反应法制备了高温质子导体La2-xCaxCe2O7-δ(0≤x≤0.2)。分别利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样的相组成、微观形貌进行了表征。并对试样在水蒸气和CO2气氛中的化学稳定性进行了测试。研究了不同掺杂量和不同测试气氛对La2-xCaxCe2O7-δ电性能的影响。实验结果表明:1 500℃烧结的试样均形成萤石型结构;试样在CO2和水蒸气气氛中表现出良好的化学稳定性。试样在湿润氢气气氛下的电导率明显高于干燥空气气氛,x=0.1的试样在湿润氢气气氛中具有最高的电导率,850℃时达到3.16×10-2S.cm-1,电导活化能为84.93 kJ.mol-1。     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定高分子聚合物的卤素离子

采用氧弹燃烧法对塑料样品进行燃烧,用碳酸钠作为吸收液进行吸收,建立了离子色谱法分离测定微量卤素离子的方法.离子色谱条件为:IonPac AS22离子交换柱,碳酸盐等度淋洗,抑制型电导检测.用该方法对塑料颗粒和塑料瓶盖中的氯离子进行测定,加标回收率分别为92.25%～95.68%、92.37% ～95.52%.     

在线燃烧-离子色谱法测定炭黑中氯和溴的含量

<正>炭黑是橡胶产品的补强填充剂,是仅次于生胶的第二橡胶原材料,炭黑是有机物在空气不足的条件下经不完全燃烧或热分解而得到的有机产物[1-3]。卤素化合物作为一种阻燃剂,广泛应用于各类高分子材料中[4]。根据国际电工委员会IEC 61249-2-21标准,卤素的限制适用于氯和溴,其他的元素没有限制[5]。卤素化合物在环境中具有生物累计性,对环境有持续性的伤害,同时可能会对人体的免疫和再生     

无机固体样品中硫的测定方法的研究进展

综述了无机固体样品中硫的高温燃烧热解(包括燃烧-红外吸收法、燃烧-碘量法、燃烧-库仑滴定法、燃烧-中和滴定法和燃烧-电导法等)、湿法消解(包括硫酸钡重量法、硫酸钡比浊法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法和离子色谱法等)和固体样品直接分析(包括火花源原子发射光谱法、辉光放电原子发射光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法等)等3类测定方法的研究进展(引用文献117篇)。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.