用微径柱测定血清中七种抗痉药物

苯妥英、卡马西平和硝基安定等药物是目前临床最常用的抗癞痫和镇静药物。但常因病人不遵医嘱滥服药物而发生中毒或无效等。为了给临床提供安全、有效的用药方案,对抗痉药物进行血药浓度监测和药代动力学研究十分重要。分别测定抗癫痫药和氮卓类药的HPLC法已有报道,     

大鼠尿中硝基安定与尼美西泮及其代谢物的GC-MS检测

采用GC-MS比较了硝基安定和尼美西泮在大鼠体内产生的代谢产物,确定了尼美西泮在大鼠体内的代谢途径.给大鼠急性喂食硝基安定和尼美西泮,收集24 h内尿液,尿样用β葡萄糖醛酸酶水解,Oasis(R)HLB柱固相提取,以DB-35 MS柱为分离柱,气相色谱-质谱联用检测.从大鼠尿液中检出3种硝基安定代谢物:7-乙酰氨基硝基安定、7-氨基硝基安定和2-氨基-5-硝基苯基苯甲酮;4种尼美西泮代谢物:7-乙酰氨基尼美西泮、7-乙酰氨基硝基安定、7-氨基尼美西泮和2-氨基-5-硝基苯基苯甲酮,检出少量尼美西泮原体.并推断出2种药物在大鼠体内的代谢途径.     

血中安眠药物的固相萃取GC/MS分析方法研究

研究了不同固相萃取柱、洗脱剂、洗脱剂用量和缓冲液用量对血液中13种镇静类药物和2种内标物的回收率的影响,建立了常见安眠镇静类药物（包括酸性、碱性、中性）的快速、准确、系统的分析方法．结果表明采用Oasis HLB cartridge固相萃取柱,加入2mL磷酸盐缓冲液,用3mL氯仿作为洗脱剂时的回收率较好．该方法具有操作简便快捷,回收率高、重现性好、提取物干净等特点,可用于安眠镇静药物的提取检验．     

固相萃取/离子阱气相色谱质谱联用对血液中多种安眠药物的同时测定

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用测定血液中多种安眠药物的分析方法,通过固相萃取提取并富集血液样品中的9种常见巴比妥类、吩噻嗪类和苯二氮杂类安眠药物,采用离子阱二级质谱检测其含量。通过优化萃取溶液pH值及气相色谱-质谱联用分析条件,对9种安眠药物进行了定量分析。采用离子阱串联质谱(MS/MS)技术消除基底干扰,给出被测物结构信息。9种安眠药物的检出限为0.04~0.10 mg/L,回收率为78%~93%。方法用于人心血中安眠药物的检测,检出安定0.6 mg/L。该方法高效、简单、灵敏度高,可用于血液中巴比妥类、吩噻嗪类和苯二氮杂类安眠药物的同时测定。     

固相支撑液液萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定血液中5种镇静安眠类药物

建立了固相支撑液液萃取(SLE)-气相色谱质谱法(GC/MS)提取检验血液中阿米替林、舒乐安定、咪达唑仑、异丙嗪和氯丙嗪5种镇静安眠类药物的方法,对提取条件进行优化,浓缩后的样品溶液使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析.5种镇静安眠类药物的最佳提取条件:在pH 10下用5.0 mL乙酸乙酯提取,5种安眠镇静类药物在0.5~20μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.998 1~0.999 5之间,最低检出限为0.5μg/mL,在血液中的添加回收率在70.1%~90.8%之间,变异系数均小于5.3%.方法操作简便、快捷、回收率高,可用于常见镇静安眠类药物的检验.     

食用油粘合剂碳糊电极的制备及其应用

碳糊电极制作容易,应用电位范围广,重现性好。我们研制了植物油粘合剂碳糊电极,并用于药物等有机物的测定。硝基安定(Nitrazepam)是一种镇静剂,在欧洲广泛用作催眠剂,也可以用作外科手术的麻醉剂。它的分析方法有色谱法、分光光度法及极谱法。本文研究硝基安定在食用油粘合剂碳糊电极上的伏安特性。1　硝基安定的阴极溶出伏安曲线在pH3.00的乙酸乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,硝基安定在金龙鱼油甘油混合粘合剂碳糊电极上产生一阴极溶出伏安峰,峰电位在-1.15V左右,KCl影响峰电流和波形。硝基安定浓度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-5molL范围内,峰高与浓度成良…     

微波辅助提取/液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人体指甲中14种抗精神失常及安眠镇静类物质

采用微波辅助提取(MAE)与液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,建立了同时测定人体指甲中14种抗精神失常及安眠镇静类物质的分析方法。指甲经冷冻研磨后加入内标溶液,用微波辅助提取。以Allure PFPP苯基柱分离,甲醇(含20 mmol/L乙酸铵)-乙酸铵(20 mmol/L)进行梯度洗脱,采用二级质谱多反应监测模式(MRM)检测14种抗精神失常和安眠镇静类物质及其代谢物。目标物在对应含量范围内均线性良好(r~2≥0.990);检出限为0.1~50 pg/mg;大多数目标物的定量下限为100 pg/mg;日内精密度和日间精密度均不大于7.8%;准确度在±10.16%范围内。对7例服用部分抗精神失常及安眠镇静类药物的患者指甲进行分析,目标物检出情况与用药情况相符。该方法样品处理简便、高效、快速且分析准确、灵敏度高、选择性好,可用于人体指甲中pg/mg级抗精神失常及安眠镇静类物质的定性定量分析。     

咪唑安定在小儿麻醉中的临床应用

采用咪唑安定联合氡胺酮于小儿麻醉，临床效果可靠，作用迅速，而且镇静，镇痛肌松效果好，操作方便，对循环影响小，费用合理，并发症少。作者认为，咪唑安定应用于临床是非常有用的一个药物。     

20种安眠镇静药物的系统分析

建立了ＧＣ－ＮＰＤ双柱法对二十种安眠镇静药物的系统分析方法。该法操作简便,系统性强,重复性好,灵敏度高,药物的最小检出浓度为１０～１００ｎｇ／ｍＬ血浆。采用两种不同极性的色谱柱对药物进行分析鉴定,保证了在无ＧＣ－ＭＳ验证的情况下,检测结果的可靠性。用本法分析八例临床中毒样品,取得了令人满意的效果。     

对位取代硝基苯与苯乙腈的亲核取代反应

5-氯-3-苯基-2,1-苯并异噁唑(Ⅰ)是合成苯并二氮杂(艹卓)类安眠镇静药物的主要中间体。最早Davis等研究硝基苯衍生物和苯乙腈的反应,发现在吡啶-氢氧化钾中生成(Ⅱ),而在甲醇-氢氧化钾中生成(Ⅰ)。这条途径对制备(Ⅰ)有一定应用价值。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.