水热合成微孔纳米羟基磷灰石

以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、P2O5为原料,水-乙醇为溶剂,在碱性介质中,采用水热法合成微孔纳米羟基磷灰石晶体(HAP),研究了水-乙醇的体积比对产物组成、晶体结构的影响. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热分析(TG/DTA)、透射电镜(TEM)等检测技术对HAP的晶相、化学组成和形貌进行了表征和分析. 结果表明,当V(水):V(乙醇)=1:1时,可得到晶体发育完整、晶体表面孔洞分布均匀(孔密度约为3×109个/cm2)和孔径约为1～2 nm的六方柱状纳米羟基磷灰石晶体(60 nm×100 nm).     

微孔纳米羟基磷灰石的水热合成与结构表征

以Ca(NO3)2.4H2O,P2O5为原料,水-乙醇体系为溶剂,在碱性介质中,采用水热法合成微孔羟基磷灰石,并考察了水热温度、时间对晶体结构的影响。通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热分析(TG/DTA)、透射电镜(TEM)等检测手段对HAP的晶相、化学组成和形貌进行了表征和分析,结果表明:160℃下水热8小时,可得到粒径为70×167nm的六方柱状微孔纳米HAP晶体,晶体表面孔径大约为1~2nm,孔密度大约为3×109个/cm2。     

LiNd(PO3)4晶体的热分析研究

对LiNd(PO₃)₄晶体分别在N₂气和空气下进行了TG和DTA热分析研究,给出TG和DTA曲线,讨论了LNP晶体在N₂气和空气下不同的热分解机理.得到分解产物分别为Nd₄(P₂O₇)₃和NdP₂O₇.     

草酸锌空心纳米结构的一步固相合成及其表征

本文利用醋酸锌和草酸的一步低热固相化学反应制备了草酸锌空心纳米球，并通过在该反应体系中加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇400得到了草酸锌空心纳米链。采用X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、高倍透射电镜(HRTEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外(IR) 以及热重-差热(TG/DTA)分析对所合成的样品进行了表征.     

直接沉积法制备棒状ZnO

在溶液体系中90 ℃下, 以三乙醇胺与醋酸锌为反应试剂, 用直接沉积法合成了微米及纳米尺寸的棒状ZnO粒子, 并对粒子进行了透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)和差热扫描量热分析(DSC)等表征. 通过晶体的成核和生长理论初步解释了棒状ZnO粒子的形成过程.     

不同条件下合成的纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的性能研究

用磷酸钠和硝酸钙为原料,在8种不同条件下制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)晶体,研究了不同条件下制备的n-HA晶体的形态、组成、Ca/P摩尔比和结晶度。运用透射电镜((TEM)、红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析和表征了不同条件下得到的纳米羟基磷石灰晶体的形貌、组成和结晶度。用化学方法分析了纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的Ca/P摩尔比。结果表明,不同条件下合成的纳米磷灰石晶体均为含有HPO42-和CO32-的弱结晶结构,与自然骨磷灰石类似。     

类胆碱离子液体中多级结构Bi_2S_3的形貌调控合成

本文通过简单温和的溶液合成方法,在类胆碱离子液体体系中制备了纳米线簇、绒球状、海胆状和纳米花状等不同形貌可控的Bi_2S_3纳米材料.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子透射电镜(TEM)对样品的形貌与结构进行了分析表征.实验结果表明,IL/H_2O/PEG-200的比例在调控不同形貌的Bi_2S_3形成过程中起到了决定性的作用.同时也研究了离子液体阳离子烷基侧链的长度和反应时间对样品形貌形成过程的影响.基于晶体分裂和溶解-重结晶过程对不同形貌Bi_2S_3样品的形成机理进行了分析讨论.     

SAPO-5分子筛的可控合成及晶化过程探索

在非醋酸体系下分别通过动态和静态水热晶化方法合成了SAPO-5分子筛, 并考察了转速、 晶化时间及凝胶体系水硅比对SAPO-5分子筛晶相及形貌的影响, 采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术研究了静态、 动态水热条件下SAPO-5分子筛的晶化过程. 结果表明, 静态水热条件下晶化6 h得到的SAPO-5分子筛为球状、 六边形柱状聚集晶体; 而在20 r/min转速下晶化2和6 h得到的SAPO-5分子筛分别为分散的凹面柱状晶体(凹面直径约6~8 μm)及均一分散的球状晶体(直径为16 μm); 在60 r/min转速下晶化3 h即可得到高度分散的六边形柱状晶体(六边形直径约5~8 μm); 提高转速至100和140 r/min时仅需晶化1 h即可得到六边形柱状晶体. 通过考察体系水硅比(H₂O/Si摩尔比)的影响, 确定最佳的水硅比为70, 此条件下所得晶相为纯相且分子筛的分散度最好. 综上可知, 相较于静态晶化, 动态晶化不仅从形貌上改善了晶体的分散度, 通过缩短晶化时间、 降低晶化转速也提高了SAPO-5分子筛的晶化效率. 本文采用较小的水硅比(H₂O/Si摩尔比为70)、 较低的模板剂用量在非醋酸体系下合成了SAPO-5分子筛, 为SAPO-5分子筛的合成提供了一条更简单、 经济的路线.     

粒径可控纳米CeO_2的微乳液法合成

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3)水溶液(氨水)所形成的反相微乳液体系合成CeO2前驱体,利用热重(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析方法确定了得到纳米CeO2的适宜焙烧温度为550℃,CeO2前驱体经550℃焙烧后得到纳米CeO2.采用XRD、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计等表征手段分别对纳米CeO2的晶形、形貌、粒径及紫外吸收性质进行了表征,该纳米CeO2粒子具有立方晶型结构,分散性较好、粒径范围为5-18nm.考察了微乳液中正辛烷与正丁醇质量比、Ce(NO3)3浓度对纳米CeO2粒径的影响,结果表明:利用微乳液法,通过改变微乳液中正辛烷与正丁醇质量比、Ce(NO3)3浓度能够对纳米CeO2粒径进行有效控制;纳米CeO2的粒径均随着正辛烷与正丁醇质量比和Ce(NO3)3浓度的增大而减小.同时,对不同条件下制得的纳米CeO2的紫外吸收性质进行了考察.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-氯化银复合纳米微球的制备及其摩擦学性能

采用原位种子乳液聚合法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 氯化银(PMMA AgCl)核壳结构复合纳米微球,通过透射电镜(TEM),红外光谱(IR),热分析(TG DTA)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等测试手段对其结构及性能进行了表征.在四球试验机上对其摩擦学行为进行了考察,研究结果表明,PMMA AgCl核壳结构复合纳米微球用作润滑油添加剂具有良好的抗磨性能,能显著提高基础油的失效负荷.     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Hard and soft acids and bases: structure and process

Under investigation is the structure and process that gives rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic atomic bases. That for simple atomic bases the chemical hardness is expected to be the only extrinsic component of acid-base strength, has been substantiated in the current study. A thermochemically based operational scale of chemical hardness was used to identify the structure within anionic atomic bases that is responsible for chemical hardness. The base's responding electrons have been identified as the structure, and the relaxation that occurs during charge transfer has been identified as the process giving rise to hard-soft behavior. This is in contrast the commonly accepted explanations that attribute hard-soft behavior to varying degrees of electrostatic and covalent contributions to the acid-base interaction. The ability of the atomic ion's responding electrons to cause hard-soft behavior has been assessed by examining the correlation of the estimated relaxation energies of the responding electrons with the operational chemical hardness. It has been demonstrated that the responding electrons are able to give rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic bases.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Syntheses and structures of P-anilino-P-chalcogeno- and P-anilino-P-iminodiazasilaphosphetidines and their group 12 and 13 metal compounds

The P-anilino-P-chalcogeno(imino)diazasilaphosphetidines [Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NHPh)] (E = O (3), S (4), Se (5), N-p-tolyl (6)) were synthesized by oxidizing the P-anilinodiazasilaphosphetidine [Me(2)Si(N(t)Bu)(2)P(NHPh)] (2) with cumene hydroperoxide, sulfur, selenium, and p-tolyl azide, respectively. The lithium salt of 4 reacted with thallium monochloride to produce ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=S(NPh)-kappaN-kappaS]Tl)(7), which features a two-coordinate thallium atom. Treatment of 4-6 with AlMe(3) gave the monoligand dimethylaluminum complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE]AlMe(2)) (E = S (8), Se (9), N-p-tolyl (10)), respectively. In these complexes the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by one chelating ligand and two methyl groups, as a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8 showed. A 2 equiv amount of 4-6 reacted with diethylzinc to produce the homoleptic diligand complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE](2)Zn)(E = S (11), Se (12), N-p-tolyl (13)). A crystal-structure analysis of 11 revealed a linear tetraspirocycle with a tetrahedrally coordinated, central zinc atom.