表面修饰TiO2、ZrO2纳米微粒的DSC、TGA表征

采用ＤＳＣ及ＴＧＡ技术对制备的表面为硬脂酸修饰的二氧化钛及二氧化锆纳米微粒的热性能进行了研究，结合透射电的分析表征，结果表明，我们所得的ＴｉＯ２，ＺｒＯ２纳米微粒表面确为硬脂民修饰，由于其纳米微粒核的存在使其表面修饰层的熔点温度高；此外表面修饰纳米闰由于其大的比表面积和不稳定的晶体结构使其分别在７１０Ｋ左右产生粘着和型变。     

铂微粒修饰聚2，5－二甲氧基苯胺电极对甲醇的电催化作用

将以铂微粒修饰玻碳电极（ＧＣ）为基体的聚２，５－二甲氧基苯胺膜（ＰＤＭＡ）形成修饰电极（Ｐｔ／ＰＤＭＡ／ＧＣ）．循环伏安实验表明，Ｐｔ／ＰＤＭＡ／ＧＣ电极对甲醇氧化比分散于玻碳电极上的铂催化活性更大。讨论了ＰＤＭＡ膜厚度、铂微粒含量及甲醇浓度对催化活性的影响。这种电极在酸性甲醇溶液中具有良好的稳定性。     

铂微粒修饰聚2,3—二甲氧基苯胺电极对甲醇的电催化作用

将以铂微粒修饰玻碳电极为基体的聚２，５－二甲氧基苯胺膜形成修饰电极循环伏安实验表明，Ｐｔ／ＰＤＭＡ／ＧＣ电极对甲醇氧化比分散于破碳电极上的铂催化活性更大，讨论了ＰＤＭＡ膜厚度，铂微粒含量及甲醇浓度对催化活性的影响，这种电极在酸性甲醇溶液中有良好的稳定性。     

丙炔醇聚合股对铁在酸性溶液中的缓蚀作用

应用电化学交流阻抗谱技术研究了Ｆｅ／Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４与Ｆｅ／Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４＋Ｈ_２Ｓ体系中丙炔醇（ＰＡ）聚合膜的形成及其缓蚀作用,同时利用ＳＥＭ、ＡＦＭ及ＥＤＸ对ＰＡ聚合不同时期铁表面腐蚀形貌进行观测与成分分析．结果表明,Ｆｅ／Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４与 Ｆｅ／Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４＋ Ｈ_２Ｓ体系中 ＰＡ可逐渐聚合成膜,从而有效抑制基体的腐蚀,使电极表面较为平整,微米尺度下呈现规则的块状结构;但Ｆｅ／Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４体系中宏观上ＰＡ并未形成连续的保护膜,导致电极表面局部发生腐蚀;而Ｆｅ／Ｈ_２ＳＯ_４＋Ｈ_２Ｓ体系中,Ｈ_２Ｓ、ＨＳ－在电极表面的吸附减缓了ＰＡ聚合成膜,但长时间腐蚀后,由于硫化物的生成覆盖在ＰＡ聚合膜上,使其具有长期缓蚀效能．     

单分散ZnS及其复合颗粒的制备

本文以硫代乙酰胺（ＣＨ_３ＣＳＮＨ_２,简称ＴＡＡ）和醋酸锌（Ｚｎ（Ａｃ）_２）为主要原料,采用均匀沉淀法在水相体系中制备出了球形、分散较好的ＺｎＳ微粒子。在此基础上采用一种新方法,在ＺｎＳ表面原位合成ＺｎＳ／Ａｇ纳米微粒,并研究了其光谱性质。     

混合微乳液的增敏作用研究：Cd（Ⅱ）—5—Br—PADAP的分光光度测定

研究了在Ｏ／Ｗ混合微乳液ＳＤＳ－ＯＰ／ｎＣ４Ｈ９ＯＨ／ｎ－Ｃ７Ｈ１６／Ｈ２Ｏ介质中，Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）－５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ的显色反应。结果表明显色反应的灵敏度较单一的ＳＤＳ微乳液，单一的ＯＰ的微乳液，混合ＳＤＳ－ＯＰ胶束的介质中，具有更好的增敏作用和稳定性，Ｃｄ浓度在０－５μｇ／１００ｍＬ范围内符合比尔定律。方法用于废水和环境水样中微量Ｃｄ的测定，结果满意。     

纳米刚性微粒与橡胶弹性微粒同时增强增韧聚丙烯的研究

通过力学性能测试、动态力学试验、ＤＳＣ 分析以及材料断面形貌与结构分析等手段,对以纳米二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２） 为刚性微粒、以三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ） 为弹性微粒组成的聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／ 纳米ＳｉＯ２／ＥＰＤＭ 的同时增强增韧效果进行了研究．结果显示,上述两种微粒可同时大幅度提高ＰＰ 的韧性、强度和模量,当ＰＰ／ 纳米ＳｉＯ２／ＥＰＤＭ 为８０／３／２０ 时,两种微粒体现较明显的协同增韧效应．纳米ＳｉＯ２ 可提高ＰＰ 的结晶温度和结晶速度,并使球晶细化．纳米ＳｉＯ２ 刚性微粒在ＰＰ连续相中以微粒团聚体形态分布,构成团聚体的平均微粒数约为６ ～７ ,其与ＰＰ基体表现出较强的结合牢度．ＰＰ／ 纳米ＳｉＯ２／ＥＰＤＭ 的综合性能已接近或达到工程塑料的性能．     

TiO2纳米粒子膜的制备,表面态性质和光催化活性

在酸性和碱性条件下,用ＴｉＣｌ４水解法制备了ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子膜催化剂。采用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）,表面光电压谱（ＳＰＳ）和场诱导表面光电压谱（ＥＦＩＳＰＳ）测定了催化剂表面的微结构及能级结构。     

TiO2纳米粒子膜表面性质的研究

ＴｉＯ_２纳米粒子膜在光催化降解大气和水中的污染物［１］、光电转换［２］、光致变色［３］等方面有广阔的应用前景,近年来受到了科学界的高度重视．研究表明,膜的表面性质对如上应用有着重要影响．本文采用等离子体化学气相沉积法（ＰＥＣＶＤ法）［４］制备了ＴｉＯ２的纳米粒子膜,分别采用ＴｉＣｌ４等离子体或Ｏ２等离子体处理膜表面,获得两种不同表面性质的ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子膜;并利用表面光电压谱（ＳＰＳ）和电场诱导表面光电压谱（ＥＦＩＳＰＳ）技术对膜的表面性质进行具体分析,探讨了其在光催化领域的可能应用．１实验部…     

3,5—二溴—PADAP分光光度法测定微量NO2—离子的研究

系统研究了３,５－二溴－ＰＡＤＡＰ在酸性介质中质子化后与ＮＯ２和ＳＣ怙元离子缔合物的最佳条件。提出了测定微量ＮＯ２的光度新方法,表观摩尔吸光系数ε６３０＝１．２×１０＾４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｃｍ＾－１,缔合物组成比为ｎ（３,５－ｆｇ ｉｔｈｄ－ＰＡＤＡＰ）：ｎ（ＮＯ２）：ｎ（ＳＣＮ）＝１：１：！。ｓｇ ｉｆ ｙｉｅｔｇｇｆｕｉｉ ｗｓｇ ｋ ｔｍｇ ｊｇ ＮＯ２ｒ ｉｍｐｇ,ｇｎ ｘ ｍａｗ ｙｙｉ     

表面修饰Ag_2S纳米微粒的制备及其量子尺寸效应研究

采用同阳离子共沉淀法制备了DDP修饰的Ag2 S纳米微粒 ,其紫外—可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱表明DDP修饰的Ag2 S纳米微粒具有显著的量子尺寸效应 ,粒子尺寸分布较窄 ,粒子表面存在多种表面态能级。     

Preparation and tribological properties of self‐assembled poly(amide amine)‐Cu nanofilm on silicon

Self‐assembled poly(amide amine)‐copper (PAMAM/Cu) film on silicon was prepared and investigated by means of contact angle measurement, XPS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The tribological properties were evaluated using a reciprocal ball‐on‐disc test rig and a lateral force microscope. Results of XPS show the existence of Cu(0) and PAMAM molecule on the surface of the film. Compared with the self‐assembled monolayer of the poly(amide amine) generation 4.0 dendrimer, the friction force of PAMAM/Cu film is lower and the friction coefficient is smaller which can be attributed to the existence of Cu nanoparticles. The PAMAM/Cu film shows a good lubrication effect. The stability of friction and wear resistance of film is improved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of UV irradiation on tribological properties of nano‐TiO2 thin films

One‐layer and two‐layer nano‐TiO₂ thin films were prepared on the surface of common glass by sol–gel processing. Water contact angle, surface morphology, tribological properties of the films before and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were investigated using DSA100 drop shape analyzer, scanning probe microscopy (SPM), SEM and universal micro‐materials tester (second generation) (UMT‐2MT) friction and wear tester, respectively. The stored films markedly resumed their hydrophilicity after UV irradiation. But UV irradiation worsened tribological properties of the films. After the film was irradiated by UV, the friction coefficient between the film and GCr15 steel ball increased about 10–50% and its wear life shortened about 20–90%. Abrasive wear, brittle break and adherence wear are the failure mechanisms of nano‐TiO₂ thin films. It was believed that UV irradiation increased surface energy of the film and then aggravated adherence wear of the film at initial stage of friction process leading to severe brittle fracture and abrasive wear. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessment of surface damage characteristics of polymeric optical sheets of LCD backlight unit

The backlight unit of a liquid crystal display (LCD) consists of a set of vertically stacked polymeric optical sheets that may experience sliding motion when subjected to vibration. In this work, the surface damage characteristics of the optical sheets were assessed by conducting sliding tests between specimens sampled from the sheets. Surface morphology and hardness of the sheets were also measured using surface characterization tools. It was found that friction coefficient between the polarization film of the LCD panel and dual brightness enhanced film (DBEF) was the highest with a value of ∼0.35. Also, DBEF and diffusion plate suffered the most amount of surface damage. Based on the results of the wear tests, wear maps were constructed from which the relative degree of surface damage could be identified. It was determined that the friction and wear behavior of the polymeric sheets were influenced significantly by their surface morphology and hardness.     

The tribological performance of fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon films under ionic liquid lubrication

Fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon films were deposited on Si substrate by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The microstructures of films were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectrum. The tribological performance of films was tested by reciprocating ball‐on‐disc tester under 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid. The surface morphology and chemical composition of wear tracks and wear rates were investigated by optical microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 3D surface profiler. The results indicated that the film with a typical fullerene‐like structure embedded into the amorphous sp² and sp³ carbon networks could be prepared successfully, and the film shows a higher hardness (26.7 GPa) and elastic recovery (89.9%) compared with the amorphous carbon film. Furthermore, the film shows a lower friction coefficient at low contact load and friction frequency, and excellent wear‐resistance performance at high load and frequency under ionic liquid lubrication. Meanwhile, the wear life of fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon films could be improved significantly using ionic liquid as a lubrication material. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

油酸修饰CuS纳米颗粒的原位合成及其摩擦学性能

利用原位合成法室温下直接在基础油中成功制备了油酸修饰CuS 纳米颗粒, 将其长时间静置, 不会发生纳米颗粒的团聚. TEM 研究表明, 该方法制备的纳米颗粒粒径大约为30 nm. 红外光谱结果表明, 由于油酸的羧基与无机CuS纳米颗粒表面发生了化学吸附,使无机纳米颗粒的表面有一层有机修饰层, 从而增强了其油溶性.摩擦磨损试验结果表明,该添加剂在基础油中能起到抗磨减摩的效果.随着添加剂浓度的增大, 摩擦系数和磨斑直径都呈现下降趋势,当添加剂浓度为0.1%(w)时, 摩擦系数和磨斑直径都达到最小值,但是进一步增加添加剂浓度, 摩擦系数与磨斑直径又都开始增大. SEM 研究结果表明, 油酸修饰CuS 纳米颗粒能起到抗磨减摩作用的原因是因为其有利于在摩擦副表面形成牢固的润滑膜.     

Thin films of Ag nanoparticles prepared from the reduction of AgI nanoparticles in self-assembled films

A novel method for the preparation of thin films of Ag nanoparticles is reported. Using mercaptoacetic acid as the stabilizing agent, AgI nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solution. And based on electrostatic interactions, the thiol-passivated AgI nanoparticles were assembled in a self-assembled film by alternative deposition with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Then the AgI nanoparticles in the composite film were reduced by NaBH(4), which resulted in the formation of a thin film of Ag nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed the transformation from AgI to Ag. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the formed Ag nanoparticles distributed on the film homogeneously. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement indicated that the prepared thin films could be used as effective SERS substrates. The reduction process was also carried out by UV light at selective surface regions, which resulted in the formation of patterned nanoparticle arrays.     

Ag-PVA和Ag-PVA/TiO2复合超薄膜的制备及性能研究

用3种方法制备了银纳米粒子-聚乙烯醇复合体系,其中用加热还原法所得体系中Ag纳米粒子的尺寸较大(15nm),其表面等离子体共振吸收峰较宽,最大吸收波长位于420nm;用室温硼氢化钠还原法得到的复合体系的吸收峰蓝移至409nm,且峰形较窄,Ag纳米粒子的平均粒径为8.7nm;低温NaBH4还原法所得体系吸收峰进一步蓝移至397nm,此时Ag纳米粒子粒径最小(3.5nm).将室温还原法所得Ag-PVA复合体系旋涂成膜,所得薄膜光滑、透明、均匀性好,该法适用于制备多层薄膜,以调控薄膜的厚度和光谱性质.将Ag-PVA复合体系与钛酸四丁酯(Ti(O_nBu)₄)的乙醇溶液交替旋涂得到Ag-PVA/TiO₂有机/无机复合薄膜.紫外-可见吸收光谱研究表明,随着Ag-PVA层数的增加,薄膜的表面等离子体共振吸收强度呈线性增加,但是TiO₂层数的增加对吸收光谱没有明显影响.Ag-PVA/TiO₂有机/无机复合薄膜将金属纳米粒子、有机高分子与无机半导体材料结合在一起,这种多层纳米结构在光电、催化功能薄膜等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

咪唑螯合硼离子液体的合成、表征及摩擦学性能

以一类环境友好的螯合硼离子液体为研究对象,合成了4种具有不同烷基直链阳离子中心的螯合硼离子液体C_nMImBScB(n=2,4,6,8);通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)、电耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等方法对4种螯合硼离子液体进行了结构分析、硼含量测定和热稳定性分析.以聚乙二醇200(PEG200)作为基础油样品,C_nMImBScB(n=2,4,6,8)作为添加剂,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)分别对油样的减摩抗磨性能、磨斑形貌和磨斑表面元素分布进行了分析和表征.结果表明,C_nMImBScB(n=2,4,6,8)可作为在较宽温度范围内使用的润滑油添加剂,离子液体的低浓度(质量分数1%~2%)添加使PEG200的摩擦性能得到大幅度提高,摩擦系数最大降低58.46%,磨斑直径最大降低20.5%;硼元素沉积到表面参与润滑膜的成膜,磨斑表面碳元素含量的增加也有助于摩擦性能的提高.     

Enhanced tribology properties of ZnO/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> composite nanoparticles as liquid lubricating additives

Monodispersed and hydrophobic ZnO/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles are prepared by a nonhydrolytic sol–gel method. ZnCl₂ and AlCl₃ are dissolved in acetone and used as precursors. Oleic acid is adopted as an oxygen donor. The tribology properties of the prepared ZnO/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles are studied by the four-ball friction and thrust ring friction test. It is demonstrated that the average friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter are reduced by 37.5 and 26.2%, respectively, in comparison with pure lubricating oil. Moreover, the ZnO/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles bear the merits of ZnO and Al₂O₃ when used as lubricant additives, exhibiting both excellent antifriction and antiwear behaviors simultaneously. The ZnO/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles improve the lubrication effect not only by turning the sliding friction into rolling friction, but also forming a hard Al₂O₃ protective film onto the thrust-ring surface containing ZnO/Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, which have much potentiality in industrial applications.