工作场所空气中乙基戊基甲酮的测定

报道了空气中乙基戊基甲酮的气相色谱测定方法。空气样品用硅胶管采集,甲醇解吸、INNOWAX毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测。在本法的测定条件下,乙基戊基甲酮在5～1000mg/L浓度范围内有良好的线性响应,相关系数r=0.99987,相对标准偏差RSD<2.1%。本法检出限为1mg/L(S/N≥3);最低检出浓度为0.7mg/m3(采样体积1.5L)。用硅胶管采集空气中的乙基戊基甲酮,采样效率为99.6%～99.9%,甲醇的解吸效率为97.1%～98.2%,乙基戊基甲酮在硅胶管中最少可稳定7d。本方法可满足工作场所空气中乙基戊基甲酮的短时间接触浓度和时间加权平均浓度的监测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷

建立了测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷的气相色谱–质谱方法。空气中的碘甲烷用多孔玻板吸收管采集,经DB–1型(50 m×0.32 mm,0.52μm)毛细管柱分离后,用气相色谱–质谱方法进行定性、定量。碘甲烷溶液的质量浓度在0.0085-15.2μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为0.0025μg/mL,定量限为0.0085μg/mL,最低检出限浓度为0.0033 mg/m^(3)。方法的批内精密度为1.5%-3.2%(n=6),批间精密度为2.4%-7.1%(n=6),样品加标回收率为99.6%-102.9%。该方法同时进行定性、定量,适用于工作场所空气中碘甲烷的测定。     

用聚酰胺吸附剂预浓缩及气相色谱法测定空气中的硫双威

采用３００－４５０μｍ的聚酰胺吸附剂管采集空气中硫双威，经氯仿萃取后用火光度听气相地直接测定其含量，进行了吸附剂选择解吸时间和效率、采样稳定性等实验研究，并用该法对菜田喷施现场和生产车间进行了空气检测，收到了满意效果。空气中硫双威的最低检出浓度为０．０５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；线性范围为０￣１０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，标准加入回收率为９８．４－１００．４％，相对标准偏差为２．８－４．４％。     

活性氧化铝柱-气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中“四烯”的方法研究

采用活性氧化铝柱-气相色谱法对作业场所空气中乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯进行活性炭采样,热解吸后进样分析。活性炭管对"四烯"的吸附性良好,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.37%～2.08%;乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯检出限分别为0.0010、0.000520、.00083、0.0003 mg/L;样品的平均解吸效率为93.7%～98.59%;样品的平均采样效率为93.9%～99.1%;乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、丁二烯穿透容量分别为9.58、.87、.4、7.1 mg;样品在室温下放置7 d,其平均样品损失率不大于5.58%,在4～10℃环境放置10 d,其平均样品损失率不大于7.11%,空气中乙烷对本方法无干扰。该法可满足职业卫生检测的要求。     

硅胶管采样—液相色谱法测定空气中的氯氰菊酯

本文报道空气中氯氰菊酯的高效液相色谱测定方法，空气样品用硅胶管采样，经甲醇洗脱后用ＨｙｐｏｒｓｉｌＯＤＳ柱分离，紫外检测器检测，在本法的测定条件下，最低检测浓度为０．０４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，当氯氰菊酯浓度范围为０～２５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，呈线性响应关系，相对标准偏差为２．４％～８．４％，本法的解吸效率为９６．８％～１００．３％，采样效率为１００％，氯氰菊酯在硅胶管中可稳定７ｄ。     

浮石负载壳聚糖吸附去除水中丙溴磷

通过浮石负载壳聚糖制备了吸附剂壳聚糖/浮石复合物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等技术手段表征了吸附剂性质,考察了吸附剂量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、离子强度和温度对该吸附剂吸附去除水中丙溴磷的影响,研究了再生吸附剂的吸附性能。结果表明,负载在浮石上的壳聚糖占吸附剂总量的8.69%;在p H值3.0~7.0内,壳聚糖/浮石对丙溴磷的吸附率大于90%;这种吸附剂对丙溴磷的吸附受溶液离子强度影响较小,随温度升高而稍微减小。在溶液温度25℃、pH=7.0、丙溴磷浓度40 mg/L、壳聚糖/浮石剂量为0.7 g/L和吸附平衡时间为90 min条件下,此吸附剂对丙溴磷最大吸附率为93.3%(最大吸附量为53.4 mg/g)。壳聚糖/浮石连续经过3次吸附/再生循环,每次循环对丙溴磷的吸附率下降约12%。可见壳聚糖/浮石通过吸附可有效地去除水中的农药丙溴磷。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析硫酸特布他林雾化气溶胶含量及空气动力学粒径分布EI北大核心CSCD

建立了一种高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定雾化吸入装置中硫酸特布他林雾化液气溶胶含量和分析空气动力学粒径分布情况的方法。确定50%甲醇水为最优提取溶剂。采用BEH C18色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相进行等度洗脱,分析时间为2 min,正离子模式下多反应监测模式测定。采用该方法对雾化5 min和25 min气溶胶的平均药物浓度和空气动力学粒径分布进行了分析。结果显示,硫酸特布他林在0.5~600 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),定量限为0.5 ng/mL;硫酸特布他林日内及日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.3%~4.5%和0.8%~4.8%。雾化气溶胶的平均提取回收率为98.5%,RSD为2.6%。抽气采集法下雾化5 min和25 min气溶胶的平均药物含量分别为15.8和15.9 mg/m^(3),总体RSD为2.5%,撞击器采集法下雾化5 min和25 min时的平均药物含量分别为16.2和16.8 mg/m^(3),平均质量中值空气动力学粒径(MMAD)分别为2.32和2.28μm。本方法用于硫酸特布他林雾化气溶胶的浓度测定和空气动力学粒径分布分析,在吸入装置中雾化5 min后药物浓度即达到均一。随着雾化时间延长,雾化装置内硫酸特布他林雾化气溶胶的空气动力学粒径分布相对稳定。     

动态配气法制备氮气中乙醇扩散管气体标准物质

用动态配气装置配制体积分数为10^-6的氮气中乙醇扩散管气体标准物质，其量值不确定度为2%-3%。与静态容量法配制的乙醇气体标准物质进行比对，结果的相对误差为3.5%-4.0%。     

气相色谱–质谱联用法测定空气中的丙烯腈

建立测定空气中丙烯腈的气相色谱–质谱联用方法。用活性炭管采集样品,以体积分数为2%的丙酮二硫化碳溶液解吸,利用气相色谱–质谱法以选择离子扫描方式采集数据并进行分析,以色谱峰面积外标法定量。丙烯腈的质量浓度在0~100μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,线性相关系数(r~2)为0.999 0。丙烯腈检出限为1.2μg/m L,最低检出质量浓度为0.16 mg/m~3(以采样体积7.5 L计),平均加标回收率为97.0%~99.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~4.2%(n=6)。该方法定性、定量准确,精密度、灵敏度高,可用于空气中丙烯腈的常规检测。     

顶空气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中的乙酸乙酯

采用顶空气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中的乙酸乙酯。气态乙酸乙酯用活性炭管吸附,二氯甲烷解吸,顶空进样,HP–FFAP毛细管柱分离,FID检测器测定,峰面积定量。乙酸乙酯的质量浓度在1.76~880.0μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,相关系数r=0.999 4。不同浓度样品批内测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.34%~3.61%(n=7),批间测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.04%~4.78%(n=7),加标回收率为91.02%~100.29%,方法检出限为0.32μg/m L,解吸效率为91.28%~95.19%。对于100 mg活性炭,乙酸乙酯的穿透容大于2.2 mg,当其浓度在17.6~17 600 mg/m3时,采样效率为91.23%~97.40%,常温下可以保存10 d。该方法各项指标均达到《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研制规范》的要求,适用于工作场所空气中乙酸乙酯的现场监测。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.