TiO2晶型对Au/TiO2上光催化分解臭氧的影响

以不同晶型TiO2为载体,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/TiO2光催化剂,并用紫外-可见漫反射光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)等手段进行了催化剂表征,详细考察了Ti O2晶型对Au/TiO2光催化分解臭氧活性的影响.结果表明,光催化分解臭氧的活性顺序为Au/P25>Au/Anatase>Au/Rutile,这与不同的单一Ti O2对光催化臭氧分解的活性顺序是一致的.但在TiO2上沉积金后,其对光催化臭氧的分解活性有了显著的提高.由催化剂的Au4fXPS分析发现,不同晶型Ti O2上的电荷向金簇迁移的能力有明显差异,加之载体本身对光催化臭氧分解活性不同,两者协同作用导致负载金催化剂光催化分解臭氧活性的不同.SPS信号强度与催化剂光催化活性有很好的对应关系,SPS信号越强,光生电子和空穴分离效率越高,光催化活性越好.     

室温水汽对Au/TiO2上光催化分解臭氧的影响

 采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/TiO2光催化剂,并用紫外-可见漫反射光谱和X射线光电子能谱对其进行了表征,详细考察了室温水汽的引入对Au/TiO2光催化分解臭氧活性的影响. 结果表明,同干燥状态时相比,室温引入水汽后催化剂活性较低,并且较快地达到了稳定值. 催化剂的O 1s和Au 4f的XPS分析结果表明,水汽的存在导致TiO2的表面结构发生变化,进而使金-载体之间的相互作用力减弱. 这是导致催化剂活性下降的主要原因.     

La2O3助剂对Au/TiO2催化氧化CO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2以及La2O3-TiO2载体, 再用沉积沉淀法制备Au/TiO2和Au/La2O3-TiO2催化剂, 并对催化剂的CO氧化反应活性进行测试. 结果表明, La2O3助剂可以显著提高催化剂催化氧化CO的活性. X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)表征结果表明, La2O3助剂不仅提高了催化剂比表面积, 抑制了TiO2晶粒尺寸的长大, 并且增强了TiO2的晶格应变, 在O2气氛吸附过程中主要在TiO2表面形成O-物种. 原位傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)结果进一步表明, La的掺杂不仅提高了吸附在Au活性位CO的氧化速率, 还使TiO2表面形成第二种活性位, 从而显著提高了催化活性.     

La2O3助剂对Au/TiO2催化氧化CO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2以及La2O3-TiO2载体,再用沉积沉淀法制备Au/TiO2和Au/La2O3-TiO2催化剂,并对催化剂的CO氧化反应活性进行测试.结果表明,La2O3助剂可以显著提高催化剂催化氧化CO的活性.X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)表征结果表明,La2O3助剂不仅提高了催化剂比表面积,抑制了TiO2晶粒尺寸的长大,并且增强了TiO2的晶格应变,在O2气氛吸附过程中主要在TiO2表面形成O-物种.原位傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)结果进一步表明,La的掺杂不仅提高了吸附在Au活性位CO的氧化速率,还使TiO2表面形成第二种活性位,从而显著提高了催化活性.     

La2O3助剂对Au/TiO2催化肉桂醛选择性加氢性能的影响

以溶胶-凝胶法制得的TiO2和La2O3-TiO2为载体,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了一系列Au催化剂,用于肉桂醛选择性加氢反应,并运用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、高分辨率透射电镜、程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征,系统考察了La2O3含量对Au/TiO2催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响.结果表明,适量L...     

金属载体强相互作用增强Au/TiO2催化剂在3-硝基苯乙烯选择性加氢反应的活性

自Haruta与Hutchings于上世纪八十年代末发现金纳米催化剂优异的反应活性以来,科研人员对金催化的应用领域进行了广泛而深入地研究.对金催化科学和应用领域的研究一直在进行.大量的研究表明,金催化剂在各种选择性氧化反应中具有优异的催化性能(高活性和高选择性).然而,在催化加氢反应中,尽管金催化剂相比于铂族金属显示出优越的选择性,但是由于金催化剂选择性加氢反应的活性较差,使其在选择性催化加氢反应中的应用受到了极大的限制.研究表明,金催化剂较弱的活化氢气能力是其催化加氢反应活性低的主要原因.研究发现,氢气活化的活性中心可能是界面、负价金、低配位的金原子等.金催化剂具有明显的载体效应,金属-载体之间的相互作用能够显著地改变金催化剂的催化性能.Tauster等研究发现,铂族金属与还原性载体之间存在强相互作用,能够引发载体包覆金属表面,并且使得电子从载体向金属迁移,导致金属带负电.受金属-载体强相互作用(SMSI)效应的启发,本文探究了Au/TiO2催化剂中SMSI对金催化剂加氢性能的影响.在H2或O2气氛下高温焙烧Au/TiO2,获得一系列金催化剂(Au/TiO2-TA,T为焙烧温度(oC):300、400、500和600;A为气氛:H2或O2).对比在3-硝基苯乙烯(3-NS)选择性加氢反应中的活性发现,Au/TiO2-500H的TOF值是Au/TiO2-500O的3.3倍;动力学测试表明,Au/TiO2-500H和Au/TiO2-500O的反应表观活化能分别为79.5和105.1 kJ/mol.这表明两类催化剂催化活性中心的结构存在差异.X射线光电子能谱测试结果表明,Au/TiO2-H样品中Au带部分负电,而Au/TiO2-O中Au显示为金属态.HAADF-STEM和EELS显示,Au/TiO2-H中Au NPs的表面有TiOx物种,增加了Au-TiO2的界面.EPR结果表明,Au/TiO2-H中存在表面Ti3+物种,而Au/TiO2-O样品中则没有.为确认加氢反应的活性中心到底是界面还是负价金物种,本文探究了不同温度下氢气处理的Au/TiO2的结构与性能的关系,发现Au/TiO2-300H/400H/500H催化剂都显示出较好的催化3-NS加氢活性,而Au/TiO2-600H虽然具有更多的负价金物种,但是3-NS选择性加氢反应的活性反而降低,因此,负价金不是活性中心.这是因为不同温度处理的Au/TiO2-H样品中,SMSI的强弱不同,在300、400、500 oC下,SMSI能够增加Au-TiO2的界面长度,从而增强了3-NS加氢反应的活性;而温度达到600 oC,SMSI效应太强,Au NPs被包覆更密实,导致Au/TiO2-600H的3-NS选择性加氢反应的活性下降.密度泛函理论计算表明,Au/TiO2-H样品具有更低的H2解离活化能以及氢转移活化能.氢氘交换反应也进一步验证了SMSI有利于H2的活化.     

不同晶相TiO2负载Au催化剂用于巴豆醛选择性加氢

以不同晶相的TiO2为载体,利用沉积.沉淀法制备了Au/TiO2催化剂,并将其用于巴豆醛选择性加氢反应,考察了TiO2晶相和还原温度对Au/TiO2催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,锐钛矿比金红石更有利于提高巴豆醇选择性,而复合相TiO2载体既可增加Au的催化活性,又可提高巴豆醇选择性.此外,高温还原能促进Au/TiO2催化剂对C=O的选择性加氢,当还原温度为500℃时,产物中巴豆醇是丁醛的2.7倍.     

沉积-沉淀-微波干燥法制备金属氧化物负载的金簇合物及其在CO氧化和 硫化物氧化反应中的催化性能

采用沉积-沉淀法再辅以微波干燥和焙烧制备了金属氧化物负载的金簇合物和小的金纳米粒子.干燥方法影响了金颗粒尺寸.在炉干燥过程中Au(III)因部分还原而致使Au聚集.相反,在微波干燥下,因快速和加热均一而使Au(III)得以保持,在Al2O3上负载的Au颗粒尺寸小至1.4 nm.该法可用于具有几种不同微波吸收效率的金属氧化物载体,如MnO2,Al2O3和TiO2.这些催化剂在低温CO氧化和硫化物选择有氧氧化反应中的催化活性比常规方法制备的更高.     

Au/TiO2催化剂制备条件对巴豆醛选择加氢的影响

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了纳米Au/TiO2催化剂, 以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了系统的表征, 并考察了该催化剂在巴豆醛液相加氢制巴豆醇反应中的催化性能. 通过改变活化气氛、负载量和还原温度, 能够调节Au粒子的尺寸及金属与载体间的相互作用. 在673 K还原条件下制备Au质量分数为9.2%的Au/TiO2 催化剂上, Au粒子的平均粒径为2 nm, 初始加氢速率达到13.7×10-5 mol·s-1·g-1, 同时巴豆醇最高收率可达69.9%. 结合表征结果, 该催化剂良好的巴豆醛选择加氢性能归属为载体TiO2在还原条件下产生的氧缺陷位对Au纳米粒子的锚定作用及给电子作用.     

Au-CuO／TiO2催化剂用于CO2中微量H2的脱除

用沉积沉淀法制备了Au-CuO/TiO2催化剂和Au/TiO2催化剂,考察了沉淀温度、沉淀pH、焙烧温度和Cu/Au摩尔比等制备工艺条件对Au-CuO/TiO2催化剂性能的影响,确定了适宜的催化剂制备工艺条件.结果表明,Au-CuO/TiO2催化剂对CO2中微量H2的脱除具有较好的活性和稳定性.还考察了还原和H2S中毒处理先后的顺序对催化剂H2脱除活性的影响.结果表明,Au/TiO2催化剂基本上不受处理顺序的影响,而H2S处理顺序对Au-CuO/TiO2催化剂的性能有较为明显的影响,这说明还原后的Au-CuO/TiO2催化剂形成了Au-Cu合金。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.