La2O3助剂对Au/TiO2催化氧化CO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2以及La2O3-TiO2载体,再用沉积沉淀法制备Au/TiO2和Au/La2O3-TiO2催化剂,并对催化剂的CO氧化反应活性进行测试.结果表明,La2O3助剂可以显著提高催化剂催化氧化CO的活性.X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)表征结果表明,La2O3助剂不仅提高了催化剂比表面积,抑制了TiO2晶粒尺寸的长大,并且增强了TiO2的晶格应变,在O2气氛吸附过程中主要在TiO2表面形成O-物种.原位傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)结果进一步表明,La的掺杂不仅提高了吸附在Au活性位CO的氧化速率,还使TiO2表面形成第二种活性位,从而显著提高了催化活性.     

Au/CeO2-TiO2表面物种在还原和CO氧化过程中的变化

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CeO2-TiO2载体, 再用沉积沉淀法制备了Au/CeO2-TiO2催化剂. 利用原位漫反射红外(FT-IR), 程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附方法考察了催化剂的结构和表面性能. 结果表明, CeO2的存在有效抑制TiO2晶粒的长大, 增加TiO2的比表面积和晶格应变, 从而增强了Au和载体中TiO2的相互作用, 使得催化剂表面的氧化能力显著增强. 结合原位CO吸附的FT-IR结果表明, 不同温度的还原预处理能有效改变催化剂表面氧物种的组成, 并对不同氧物种在CO低温氧化过程中的作用进行了分析.     

La2O3助剂对Au/TiO2催化肉桂醛选择性加氢性能的影响

以溶胶-凝胶法制得的TiO2和La2O3-TiO2为载体,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了一系列Au催化剂,用于肉桂醛选择性加氢反应,并运用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、高分辨率透射电镜、程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征,系统考察了La2O3含量对Au/TiO2催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响.结果表明,适量L...     

MCl2-TiO2-SnO2 (M=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) 催化剂甲烷氧化偶联反应性能的研究

选用不同的碱土金属氯化物为原料,采用共研磨的方法制备出了具有不同表面碱性的MCl2-TiO2-SnO2(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)催化剂,并考察了催化剂的甲烷氧化偶联反应性能.通过N2吸脱附(BET)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,随碱土金属元素的不同,催化剂呈现出了强弱不同的碱性吸附位.催化剂表面的碱性对活化甲烷具有促进作用,同时也带来乙烯深度氧化副反应的发生.碱量越大的弱碱性吸附位对甲烷的活化越有利,而强碱性吸附位则能导致催化剂活性降低,甚至是催化剂失活.乙烯的选择性与催化剂表面晶格氧的相对浓度密切相关.表面晶格氧的相对浓度较高的催化剂,其乙烯选择性也较大.     

单晶Au表面和Au/TiO2（110）模型催化剂表面CO氧化反应机理和活性位

在分子尺度上介绍了Au/TiO2(110)模型催化剂表面和单晶Au表面CO氧化反应机理和活性位、以及H2O的作用.在低温(<320 K), H2O起着促进CO氧化的作用, CO氧化的活性位位于金纳米颗粒与TiO2载体界面(Auδ+–Oδ––Ti)的周边. O2和H2O在金纳米颗粒与TiO2载体界面边缘处反应形成OOH,而形成的OOH使O–O键活化,随后OOH与CO反应生成CO2.300 K时CO2的形成速率受限于O2压力与该反应机理相印证.相反,在高温(>320 K)下,因暴露于CO中而导致催化剂表面重组,在表面形成低配位金原子.低配位的金原子吸附O2,随后O2解离,并在金属金表面氧化CO.     

Pt/MOx-SiO2 (M=Ce,Zr, Al)催化剂对CO和C3H8氧化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备质量比为1:1的MOx-SiO2(M=Ce,Zr,Al)复合氧化物,以此为载体采用浸渍法制备了铂基氧化型催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂在模拟柴油车尾气条件下,经SO2硫化前后对C3H8和CO的氧化性能.用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N2吸附-脱附、氨气/氧气/二氧化碳程序升温脱附(NH3/O2/CO2-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段进行了表征.NH3-TPD证实催化剂表面存在多种酸中心,硫化后催化剂表面中强酸中心增多.O2-TPD证实催化剂表面存在α和β氧物种,硫化后催化剂表面氧脱附量减少.其中Pt/Al2O3-SiO2表面酸性最弱和表面氧脱附量最大.XPS结果表明新鲜催化剂经硫化后会使催化剂表面Pt的结合能降低.活性测试结果表明,三种催化剂对CO和C3H8的催化氧化活性均较好,其中Pt/ZrO2-SiO2抗SO2中毒性能最佳,具有良好的应用前景.     

Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2的催化性能及其氧移动性的 18O 同位素交换表征

 采用浸渍法制备了Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂,考察了催化剂对乙醇及CO的氧化活性,并采用 18O 同位素交换、乙醇程序升温表面反应(C2H5OH-TPSR)、一氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂表现出较高的乙醇和CO氧化活性,其催化活性随着Pt负载量的增加而提高. 当Pt负载量为3%时,活性最高. 继续增加Pt负载量,催化剂活性下降. C2H5OH-TPSR和CO-TPD结果表明,催化剂对乙醇或CO的氧化活性与从催化剂表面脱附出来的CO2量有对应关系, CO2脱附量越大,催化剂活性越高. 18O 同位素交换结果表明,表面氧交换能力与其氧化活性有一定对应关系,催化剂的表面氧交换能力越高,氧化活性越高.     

ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2的制备及其在NH3选择性催化还原NO中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了载体材料TiO2、ZrO2-TiO2及ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)实验、比表面积测定(BET)、程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、储氧性能测定(OSC)及程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等方法对三种载体材料进行了表征. 结果表明, ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2具有较多的表面强酸位, 并具有一定的储氧性能和较强的氧化还原性能. 以三种材料为载体, 制备了质量分数分别为1%、9%的V2O5、WO3的整体式催化剂. 研究了三种催化剂在富氧条件下用NH3选择性催化还原NO的催化性能. 结果表明, 以ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2为载体的催化剂在反应空速为10000 h-1, 275 ℃时, NO的转化率接近100%, 具有最好的催化活性,并有良好的应用前景。     

La2O3对Pd密偶催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同La2O3含量的Pd密偶催化剂.使用低温N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原、CO化学吸附和X射线光电子能谱等技术考察了La2O3对催化剂性能的影响.模拟汽车尾气条件考察了催化剂上丙烷的转化活性.活性测试结果表明,La2O3的添加能显著提高催化剂对丙烷的转化活性和催化剂的热稳定性.H2-TP...     

改性Al_2O_3对单钯催化剂净化甲醇性能的影响

以稀土助剂Ce,Zr,La改性的Al_2O_3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列单Pd催化剂,运用低温N2吸附-脱附,X射线衍射(XRD),H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR),CO2-程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行表征,并考察其对甲醇的催化氧化性能以及对氧的利用性能。结果表明:Ce与Al_2O_3可形成均一的固溶体结构,改善催化剂的还原性能,增加金属与载体界面上晶格氧的浓度,进而提高催化剂对氧的利用性能,使氧完全利用窗口宽至0%~1.88%;La通过电子效应改善了Pd与载体间相互作用,重新分配催化剂表面碱性位,生成有利于甲醇活化的Lewis强碱性位,并使Pd向高氧化态过渡,两者协同作用改善了催化剂对甲醇的催化活性,T50,T90以及ΔT分别降低28,52和24℃;Zr引起催化活性下降可能与碱性位数量减少以及较低氧化态的Pd物种的存在有关。3种助剂助催化效果递变规律为:La2O3Ce O2Zr O2。     

Effect of La2O3 on Catalytic Performance of Au/TiO2 for CO Oxidation

Pure TiO₂ and La-doped TiO₂ were prepared by the sol-gel method. Au was supported on TiO₂ by the deposition-precipitation (DP) method, and its catalytic activity for CO oxidation was tested. The results showed that doping La in Au/TiO₂ could improve its catalytic activity obviously for CO oxidation. The analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area further showed that the presence of La in TiO₂ not only increased its surface area and restrained the growth of TiO₂ crystallites, but could also enhance the microstrain of TiO₂. In terms of O₂-TPD, a new adsorbed species O⁻ appeared on the surface of La-doped TiO₂. The results of in-situ Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy illustrated that the high activity of Au/La₂O₃-TiO₂ was attributed to the presence of La promoting the reactivity of CO adsorbed on the Au site and the formation of the second active site on the surface of TiO₂     

Density functional theory study of CO catalytic oxidation on Co_2B_2/TiO_2（110） surface

Titanium dioxide with CoB amorphous alloys nanoparticles deposited on the surface is known to exhibit higher catalytic activity than the CoB amorphous. A study of the structure of such system is necessary to understand this effect. A quantum chemical study of Co2B2 on the TiO2 (110) surface was studied using periodic slab model within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The results of geometry optimization indicated that the most stable model of adsorption was Co2B2 cluster adsorbed on the hollow site of TiO2.The adsorption energy calculated for Co2B2 on the hollow site was 439.3 kJ/mol.The adsorption of CO and O2 was further studied and the results indicated that CO and O2 are preferred to adsorb on the Co2 site. Co-adsorption of CO and O2 shows that Co2B2/TiO2 is a good catalyst for the oxidation of CO to carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO with O2 over Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts

A series of Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used for catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2. The sample with the Ce doping concentration of Ce/Mn=1/3 and calcined at 300°C shows a superior activity for NO oxidation to NO2. On Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti catalyst, 58% NO conversion was obtained at 200°C and 85% NO conversion at 250°C with a GHSV of 41000 h-1, which was much higher than that over MnOx/TiO2 catalyst (48% at 250°C). Characterization results implied that the higher activity of Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti could be attributed to the enrichment of well-dispersed MnOx on the surface and the abundance of Mn3+ and Ti3+ species. The addition of Ce into MnOx/TiO2 could improve oxygen storage capacity and facilitate oxygen mobility of the catalyst as shown by PL and ESR, so that its activity for NO oxidation could be enhanced. The effect of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst activity was also investigated.     

Influence of pretreatment conditions on low-temperature CO oxidation over Au/MOx/Al2O3 catalysts

Composite oxide MO_x/Al₂O₃ supported gold catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were prepared and investigated. The presence of transition metal oxide was proved to be beneficial to the improvement of catalytic performance of Au/Al₂O₃ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation. Furthermore, the influence of various pretreatment conditions on Au/MO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts was studied carefully. The image of TEM showed that gold catalyst with small gold particles only in the form of a fine dispersion exhibited highly catalytic activity. The XPS, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization results of Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst showed that gold catalysts having partially oxidized gold species have the best catalytic performance. One possible pathway for CO oxidation on Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst is that the CO adsorbed on gold particles reacts with adsorbed oxygen, which is possible to occur on oxygen vacancies on the support or at the metal–support interface.     

光还原催化剂Pt/TiO2富氢条件下CO优先氧化反应

用光还原法来提高富氢条件下CO优先氧化(PROX)催化活性和CO2选择性,分别对有无氢气时CO氧化反应参数进行了详尽研究.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征结果显示,在光还原催化剂表面产生了部分氧空穴,可为化学吸附H提供活性中心.针对光还原Pt/TiO2催化剂上CO优先氧化反应提出了一种可能的双功能反应机理.     

钙钛矿型La1+X/2Sr1-x/2Co1-xCuxO3催化CO氧化活性与表征

The catalytic activity and the reactive properties of perovskite-type oxides catalysts La(1+x/2)Sr(1-x/2)Co1-xCuxO3 for CO oxidation reaction were investigated. Results showed that the catalytic activity for CO oxidation reached to a maximum when x＝0.4. The temperature for complete CO oxidation under atmospheric and experimental conditions was 168℃. According to the stoicheometry of catalyst, all catalysts were oxygen defect compounds. The active oxygen species on this catalyst was the adsorbed oxygen which was adsorbed on the surface lattice oxygen defect. It was also found that Co4+ existed in the catalysts and the sufrace active oxygen species was caused by the Co4+. It was concluded that CO oxidation reaction on this catalyst was carried out by the valence change between Co3+ and Co4+ which was adjusted by the adsorbed oxygen.     

Effects of reduction temperature and metal-support interactions on the catalytic activity of Pt/gamma-Al2O3 and Pt/TiO2 for the oxidation of CO in the presence and absence of H2

TiO2- and gamma-Al2O3-supported Pt catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, XPS, EXAFS, and in situ FTIR spectroscopy after activation at various conditions, and their catalytic properties were examined for the oxidation of CO in the absence and presence of H2 (PROX). When gamma-Al2O3 was used as the support, the catalytic, electronic, and structural properties of the Pt particles formed were not affected substantially by the pretreatment conditions. In contrast, the surface properties and catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2 were strongly influenced by the pretreatment conditions. In this case, an increase in the reduction temperature led to higher electron density on Pt, altering its chemisorptive properties, weakening the Pt-CO bonds, and increasing its activity for the oxidation of CO. The in situ FTIR data suggest that both the terminal and bridging CO species adsorbed on fully reduced Pt are active for this reaction. The high activity of Pt/TiO2 for the oxidation of CO can also be attributed to the ability of TiO2 to provide or stabilize highly reactive oxygen species at the metal-support interface. However, such species appear to be more reactive toward H2 than CO. Consequently, Pt/TiO2 shows substantially lower selectivities toward CO oxidation under PROX conditions than Pt/gamma-Al2O3.     

CO Preferential oxidation promoted by UV irradiation in the presence of H2 over Au/TiO2

The catalytic oxidation of CO was performed over Au/TiO(2) under UV irradiation in the presence of H(2) in different reaction systems. It was found that the introduction of H(2) enhanced the CO thermocatalytic oxidation in a CO pre-introduced system (CO/O(2)vs. CO/H(2)/O(2)), but suppressed that in an O(2) pre-introduced (O(2)/CO vs. O(2)/H(2)/CO) system. Although the CO oxidation in both CO/H(2)/O(2) and O(2)/H(2)/CO systems could be remarkably enhanced under UV irradiation, the oxidation of H(2) was suppressed under UV irradiation. It was proposed that the dissociative chemisorption H ([triple bond]Ti-H) at surface oxygen vacancy sites of TiO(2) could act as both the electron-acceptors for the photogeneration electrons and the electron-donors for the chemisorbed O(2) at TiO(2), and thus enhance the CO oxidation during the coinstantaneous process of thermocatalysis and photocatalysis. The suppression of H(2) thermocatalytic oxidation under UV irradiation might be ascribed to the electron transfer effect, i.e., the dissociative chemisorption H on Au (Au-H) could be desorbed at the H(2) molecule via accepting the photogenerated electrons from TiO(2).     

SiO2改性的V2O5-MoO3/ TiO2催化剂抗碱中毒性能研究

以陶瓷为骨架,用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-MoO₃/ TiO₂催化剂,并用SiO₂进行改性。采用浸渍法模拟碱K中毒,研究了SiO₂改性前后催化剂中毒脱硝效率的变化,并通过BET、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,加入SiO₂后,催化剂的比表面积明显提高。SiO₂改性后新鲜催化剂还原温度向低温方向迁移10 ℃左右,氧化还原能力得到了提高,其表面酸强度和酸量也得到较大的提高。反应评价结果表明,SiO₂改性可以提高催化剂抗碱中毒的性能。