pH值对水热合成黄铁矿型CoS2微晶的影响

本文以EDTA-2Na为辅助剂,Na2S2O3.5H2O为硫源,运用水热法制备了黄铁矿型CoS2微晶,研究了溶液pH值对产物结构和形貌的影响。采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明,溶液为酸性环境时(pH=1、3)可得到纯相的黄铁矿型CoS2微晶,形貌为微米尺寸的空心球壳。溶液为中性和碱性环境时(pH=7、11),产物出现少量杂相,形貌变为规则的八面体晶粒。讨论了这些CoS2微晶的形成机制。     

二硫化钴多孔风叶结构助力肼辅助高效电解产氢

以泡沫镍(NF)为基底,采用一步水热法制备了主晶相为CoS₂、夹杂少量NiO相、具有三维多孔风叶结构的CoS₂/NF电极材料。当溶液中钴硫物质的量之比为1∶5时,在140℃下保温18 h,获得了由10 nm厚度的纳米片构成的三维风叶结构的晶态CoS₂/NF电催化剂。CoS₂/NF在肼氧化及析氢反应中均表现出优异的催化性能,在水合肼碱性介质中,获得-10 mA·cm^-2的析氢电流密度时,需要的过电势仅为83 mV,获得50 mA·cm^-2的氧化电流密度时,需要的肼氧化电位仅为51 mV(vs RHE);在水合肼辅助电解水双功能电解槽中,获得100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度时,需要的分解槽压仅为0.550 V,远低于其在同条件下全水分解的2.075 V,大幅减小了电能消耗,极大地提高了电解水产氢效率。无论在三电极体系还是双电极体系,CoS₂/NF均表现出优异的长效稳定性及耐用性。分析认为,电极表面多孔风叶结构的形成,...     

Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of CoS： Identification of a New Excited State Arising from the Ground State

Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra and dispersed fluorescence spectra of cobalt sulfide （COS） have been recorded in the energy range of 22400-24400 cm-1 （corresponding to 446-409 nm）. A new electronic transition progression with six vibronic bands, stemming from the X4AT/2 state of CoS, was identified and assigned to be [24.0014AT/2-X4A7/2. The new observed 4A state most probably originates from the core[10a2][47r3][lla2][153][57r3] electronic configuration. Strong perturbations are found to extensively exist in the transition bands of this new state. The rotational constants and lifetimes of these bands have been determined.     

基于压力的速率方程的应用

通过具体实例说明对于气相反应,使用基于压力的速率方程解题比使用基于浓度的速率方程更直接﹑更简便。总结了具有简单级数的反应的基于压力的速率方程及其特征。     

基于Matlab的二元共聚合反应的竞聚率的求解

以直线交叉法为依据,根据最小二乘原理,采用Matlab GUI工具设计了一款用于计算二元共聚合反应竞聚率的图形用户程序。与传统的求解竞聚率方法相比,该图形用户程序具有设计原理简单、计算快捷的特点;同时程序提供界面简洁、交互友好的数据输入平台,实用性强。实际应用表明:采用该款图形用户程序所测得的数据与微机动态搜索法、Tidwell-Mortimer法相近,而比采用斜率截距法计算竞聚率的最小差方和更小,并且也避免了采用斜率截距法由于所用方程的非对称性造成的计算结果的不一致性。     

某些助剂对明胶的凝胶强度的影响的研究

众所周知,物理力学性能是照相明胶的一种很重要的属性。在各种彩色及黑白胶片都面向高温快速加工发展的今天,这种属性就显得更为重要。提高胶片的物理力学性能,一方面要从提高明胶本身的胶冻强度着手,例如减少明胶中溶胶组份(分子量小、冷水中溶解度高),提高明胶中的α和β组份的相对含量,减少分子量过大的组份等等。     

基于环糊精的新材料的研究进展

从纳米粒子、水凝胶、纤维材料和环糊精高分子等方面介绍了近年来以环糊精为基础研制的新材料的研究进展。目前以环糊精为基础的纳米粒子材料有核壳结构的纳米粒子、环糊精的化学接枝与共聚、环糊精与无机非金属材料的复合和含环糊精的囊泡材料;以环糊精为基础的凝胶材料有水凝胶和有机凝胶两种材料;此外还有以环糊精为基础的纤维材料、环糊精高...     

体毛的化学和头发的保护

本文介绍了体毛结构和功能的一般化学基础,讨论了毛发的化学特征如氨基酸及微量元素的组成和应用依据,研究了护发的化学方法。作为皮肤附属器官的体毛,特别是头发,除一般的美容化妆外,近10多年来还由于人体微量元素研究的进展而引起人们的重视。曾多次召开过国际人发研究学术讨论会[1],国际原子能研究机构（IAEA）还在全球范围内收集了人发数据,并发布了人发标样（IAEA-HH-1）,我国也研制了类似的标准物。在各种病因诊断、法医学研究中,头发分析是重要项目。而在日常消费新潮中,青年人也常把相当多的精力和金钱投放在发型的美化上。因此体毛的化学和头发的保护问题,日益成为化学与生活联系的重要渠道,其社会意义已不容忽视。本文尝试就毛发的结构、功能、组成及可能的病交的化学基础和有关化妆的化学信息作一简介。     

酯的水解实验的改进

该文对现行的高中化学 (试验修订本 )第二册中关于乙酸乙酯水解实验的不足之处进行了分析,并提出了改进的方法,对其实验内容和实验效果进行了讨论。     

地球的内部可能是湿润的

在地球的低层地幔下 ,可能存在着比现在的海洋还要多 4倍的水 ,这是日本工业大学的Ｍ .Ｍｕｒａｋａｍｉ和他的同事们最近估测出来的。日本地球科学家们利用了一种多功能钻探仪 ,通过对 3种据信包含低层地幔中在高温高压下生成的主要矿物组成的分析后 ,得到了这个结论。这 3种矿物是 :Ｍｇ ｐｅｒｏｖｓｋｉｔｅ ,Ｃａ ｐｅｒｏｖｓｋｉｔｅ和Ｍａｇｎｅｓｉｏｗ櫣ｓｔｉｔｅ。再利用ＳＩＭＳ对矿物中溶解的氢的含量进行测量 ,矿物学家认为氢是水的标记。发现这3种矿物的含水量都相当可观 ,大约在 0 .2 %至 0 .4 %(重量比率 )之间。用红外…     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.